Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a light-transmittable first substrate, a plurality of first electrodes provided in correspondence with pixels on the first substrate and partition walls provided on the first substrate so that each of the partition walls surrounds at least a part of one of the first electrodes. A Fluorescent layer is formed at a portion surrounded by the partition wall where the first electrode is located in such a manner that the first electrode surrounded by the partition wall is exposed by curing and baking a fluorescent ink having a photo-setting resin and an illuminant as its main ingredients. A light-transmittable second substrate is arranged in contact with the partition wall oppositely to the first substrate, and light-transmittable or opaque second electrodes are arranged on the second substrate oppositely to the first electrodes.

Abstract: An arc lamp having a sealed lamp tube with electrodes to either side of a septum. The septum extends through the length of the arc chamber. An emissions chamber extends from the end of the arc chamber without the septum. A window at the end of the emissions chamber is displaced from the end of the septum and from the arc chamber itself by a sufficient distance so that magnesium diffusing from the electrodes does not darken the surface. The magnesium electrodes are slugs encased within high temperature cells open at one end.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp is provided having a lamp envelope which is shaped in the form of a double helix. The lamp envelope is formed so as to exhibit a side contour which is essentially hemispherical in shape thereby providing a light distribution which approximates that of a conventional A-line incandescent lamp. The lamp envelope further provides a top portion which tapers inwardly and which has a crossover portion at the top that provides a light distribution from this top region that is essentially uniform across such top portion. The open coiling configuration of the lamp envelope is further effective for allowing light generated from the interior of the coiled lamp envelope, to pass through the open coil arrangement with a minimum amount of loss as can otherwise occur for a straight lamp envelope arrangement.

Abstract: A flat-panel display comprising a hermetically sealed gas filled enclosure. The enclosure includes a top glass substrate having a plurality of electrodes and a thin dielectric film covering the electrodes and a bottom glass substrate spaced from the top glass substrate. The bottom glass substrate includes a plurality of alternating barrier ribs and micro-grooves. An electrode is deposited over each micro-groove and a phosphor is deposited over a portion of each electrode coating.

Abstract: A lamp including an elongate tube with a septum extending longitudinally therethrough to near the distal end of the tube. A pair of assembled leads and electrodes are positioned in the tube through the terminal end and the tube sealed. With an end cap on the distal end of the tube, an elongate cavity is formed extending along either side of the septum and joined at the distal end. A bend is made in the tube such that the ends of the electrodes extend into areas within the elongate cavity between the bend and the distal end of the tube.

Abstract: A plasma display device having a face plate and a rear plate spaced apart from each other. Parallel sustaining electrodes are arranged preferably on the face plate, while parallel address electrodes are arranged preferably on the rear plate, so that they are spaced apart from and extend perpendicularly to the sustaining electrodes. Barrier ribs are disposed to define discharge gas spaces adjacent to crossovers of the electrodes. At least some of the barrier ribs are transparent barrier ribs made of a light-permeable material, so that, particularly when the rear plate is covered with a reflective layering, light which might otherwise leak from the rear plate is usefully saved and caused to radiate through the face plate, whereby the use ratio of the emitted light increases.

Abstract: An electro-optical device applied as an image display device includes a first substrate having a plurality of non-overlapping first electrodes on a major surface thereof; and a second substrate opposed to the first substrate and having a plurality of non-overlapping second electrodes on a major surface thereof wherein the second electrodes are disposed substantially perpendicular to the first electrodes. This device further includes an electro-optical material layer disposed between the first and second electrodes; and a discharge chamber disposed between the electro-optical material layer and the second substrate, and filled with an ionizable gas, the discharge chamber having a plurality of scanning units, the scanning units being divided by partition walls formed by a printing process. By formation of grooves by the printing process, the difficult process of etching of grooves or formation of electrodes in the grooves is unnecessary, and the manufacturing is easy.

Abstract: An electro-optical device with a first substrate that has a plurality of non-overlapping first electrodes on a major surface; and a second substrate which is opposed to the first substrate and has a plurality of non-overlapping second electrodes on a major surface. The second electrodes are disposed at equal intervals and substantially are perpendicular to the first electrodes. The device also has an electro-optical material layer disposed between the first and second substrates and a discharge chamber between the electro-optical material layer and the second substrate which is filled with an ionizable gas. When the electro-optical device is used in an image display device, the number of electrodes for obtaining the resolution can be reduced to one half as compared to conventional devices. A bright image display is provided and the partition walls can be formed by a printing method on the second electrodes.

Abstract: A luminous display device which includes a fused assembly of three flat members, behind the first of which a chamber partly defined by an opening in the second of said members is formed, a quantity of beads and an ionizable gas being disposed in said chamber, a source of high frequency voltage being connected to an electrode through an opening in the third of said members to form myriad discharge paths throughout said chamber.

Abstract: A glass cylindrical or spherical double walled enclosure defines a containing envelope for containing an ionized gas discharge among dielectric pellets or beads. The double walls of the enclosure form a torus or hollow cylinder, sphere or other suitable shape and define an enclosed glass discharge area. The gas discharge area is formed by the double walls being filled with an ionizable gas. Electrodes are attached to ends of the enclosure and a constant current transformer is connected for supplying a high voltage sufficient to produce visible discharges in the gas discharge area. The center of the torus, or other suitable shape, is accessible to the outside and allows the application of an electrostatic grounding conductor of metal, or a conventional neon tube which acts as a double duty attracter and illuminator for the background of the display device. Traps are provided between the dielectric pellets and the electrodes to prevent the dielectric pellets from contacting the electrodes.

Abstract: A source of red light includes a double-bore capillary tube having a pair of ends and a convoluted shape. A pair of electrodes is located at one end of the capillary tube and disposed within respective bores. An ionizable medium is enclosed within the capillary tube and includes neon at a pressure from about 300 to 600 torr. When energized, the ionizable medium generates an arc discharge between the electrodes consisting primarily of radiation in the range of from 590 to 670 nanometers. An outer jacket of vitreous material may surround the capillary tube and contain an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) at a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A low pressure gas discharge lamp of the capillary bore type is equipped with a temperature control system whereby the electrode containment section and the light output section of the lamp are at higher temperatures than the capillary bore section. Vapor flow from the higher temperature sections to the relatively low capillary bore section maintains a satisfactory vapor fill in the bore section for attainment of a high light output. In one arrangement, the temperature control system includes a heater and a heat sink at selected points along the lamp envelope. In another form of the invention, the control system is solely a heat sink in thermal contact with the capillary bore section.

Abstract: A gas discharge compact lamp having a single outer tube and a single inner tube concentrically arranged and sealed in the outer tube, forming a gas discharge space therebetween, of maximum 12 mm dimension, the tubes being at least partially transparent. A segmented ring shaped electrode is positioned in that gas discharge space, and a second electrode in a single location. Additional electrodes are provided for heating the main electrodes.

Abstract: A source of red light includes a double-bore capillary tube having a pair of ends and a convoluted shape. A pair of electrodes is located at one end of the capillary tube and disposed within respective bores. An ionizable medium is enclosed within the capillary tube and includes neon at a pressure from about 300 to 600 torr. When energized, the ionizable medium generates an arc discharge between the electrodes consisting primarily of radiation in the range of from 590 to 670 nanometers. An outer jacket of vitreous material may surround the capillary tube and contain an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) at a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A radiation-emitting panel such as for back lighting a display has three transparent glass plates sealed together around their edges to form two gas-discharge volumes. The plates are supported within their edges by two identical arrays of pillars formed integrally from the plates. The lower surface of the lower plate is profiled with inverted frusto-pyramids and coated with a reflecting layer. Electrodes normally cause discharge within the upper volume, and the emission of light. Electrodes can be used to excite the lower volume, such as on failure of the upper volume, the reflector acting to reflect light preferentially into the pillars.

Abstract: A miniature, low-wattage fluorescent lamp includes a double-bore inner capillary tube having a pair of ends and a convoluted shape. The inner capillary tube is comprised of a vitreous material (e.g., quartz) which is capable of transmitting ultraviolet radiation. A pair of electrodes (e.g., mercury pool) is located at one end of the inner capillary tube and disposed within respective bores. An ionizable medium is enclosed within the inner capillary tube and includes an inert starting gas and a quantity of mercury. When energized, the ionizable medium generates an arc discharge between the electrodes consisting of ultraviolet radiation. A phosphor coating responsive to the ultraviolet radiation is disposed on an outer surface of the inner capillary tube and remote from the arc discharge. An outer jacket of vitreous material surrounds the inner capillary tube and contains an inert gas at a predetermined pressure.

Abstract: A color discharge display panel is disclosed in which cathodes and anodes are arranged on the upper face of a rear plate, stripe shaped insulating layers forming a matrix form together with the anodes are disposed at the bottoms of the cathodes, and separating ribs and barriers having a lower height are respectively disposed at the opposite edges of the insulation layers. Due to the barriers disposed between the cathodes and anodes, the discharge channels are formed in a round-about form, and consequently, the length of the discharge channel per volume of the discharge space is maximized, with the result that the thickness of the panel becomes thinner compared with that of the conventional panes, and that the realization of a high luminance picture is made possible due to the high discharge efficiency.

Abstract: A glow discharge lamp that includes a light transmitting envelope containing a noble gas fill material and a pair of electrodes disposed in the envelope. Lead-in wires coupled to the electrodes and extend to and are hermetically sealed in the envelope The electrodes are disposed in oppositely spaced positions in the envelope preferably upper and lower positions with the electrodes positioned outside of the bulbous region of the envelope to thereby retard the formation of deposits at the main bulbous region of the envelope.

Abstract: A flash device for a camera of the kind using a miniature lamp type flash tube solves all the problems resulting from the use of the straight tube type flash tube. The disclosed arrangement of the flash device not only ensures an adequate light distributing characteristic in all the vertical and lateral directions but also permits reduction in size of an electronic flash unit.

Abstract: A low pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp having a double-tube type discharge vessel consisting of a closed outer glass bulb and an inner glass tube coaxially disposed within the outer bulb. An electrode is disposed in the inner glass tube, while a ring-shaped electrode structure is disposed in the outer envelope outside the inner glass tube. The electrode structure completely surrounds the inner glass tube and includes a pair of lead-in wires and a pair of semicircular electrode sections. Preferably, an inert gas having a pressure within the range of from about 4.0 to 6.0 torr and a quantity of mercury are contained within the lamp. The lamp of the present invention provides a fully diffused discharge without requiring an expensive transistor switching circuit or a permanent magnet to rotate the discharge about the inner tube.

Abstract: A colored fluorescent display lamp assembly has a lamp housing in which a plurality of discharge chambers are defined. Discharge holes of the respective discharge chambers are disposed in a central area of a bottom wall of the housing. A lamp base, formed by a relatively thin lightweight material, carries therein an electrode common to all of the discharge chambers. The base has an open end sealed to the central area of the lamp housing bottom wall to enclose the discharge holes. The lamp assembly can be thereby minimized in weight and size.

Abstract: In a flat fluorescent lamp for serving as a back light of liquid crystal panels for use in display devices, upper and lower glass plates are respectively coated with fluorescent film on its inner surface and arranged in parallel to each other, a glass side wall is disposed along the peripheral edges of the upper and lower glass plates in order to form a hermetic discharge space between the upper and lower glass plates, a pair of discharge electrodes are arranged in parallel within the discharge space and opposed to each other, at least one reinforcing glass member having a height approximately equal to the distance between the upper and lower glass plates and for supporting the upper and lower glass plates is disposed between the electrodes, and the upper glass plate is formed at its inner surface with an uncoated portion having no fluorescent film at the position where the upper glass plate is opposed to the reinforcing glass member in contact therewith.

Abstract: A flashbulb wherein short radii curvatures are allowed for a curved plasma channel without overloading the walls, so that a high luminance is obtained. The discharge space (9) between two electrodes (4, 5) is annularly formed. The outside wall (1) forms a closed hollow cylinder of glass. The outside wall (1) forms a closed hollow cylinder of glass. The inside walls (7, 8) are composed of white ceramic material which is hermetically fused to the glass.

Abstract: A low pressure arc discharge tube having structural means located within the envelope for raising the voltage across the arc tube. The structural means comprises at least one partition extending across the arc tube and having a dimension which is less than the electron energy relaxation distance of the arc discharge tube. Each of the partitions has at least one aperture therein which constricts the arc within the tube.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp resistant to surface path arcing may be formed by press sealing a dielectric barrier between the electrode roots. By properly manipulating the press seal, a barrier of the dielectric envelope material may be positioned between the electrode roots. The barrier lengthens the discharge path between the electrode roots, and thereby resists surface arc discharge. The lamp seal is then protected from surface discharge heating, and light generation properly occurs between the electrode tips.

Abstract: The invention relates to a low-pressure discharge lamp having a discharge space which is limited by at least two walls (1, 2) which are at some distance from each other, there being present in this discharge space a third, thin-walled member (7) which alternately extends to at least near one wall (1) and the other wall (2), the discharge path being folded. The thin-walled member (7) has end faces, (14), which extend in parallel with the walls 1 and 2 and which are connected thereto in a discharge-tight manner.

Abstract: A discharge lamp comprises a cylindrical glass bulb with an open bottom and a closed top of dome-shape or flat-shape, a base for holding an anode and a cathode with at least one separation plate for dividing an inner space of the bulb into plural spaces forming a folded discharge path, and the base is directly and airtightly bonded to the bottom opening of the bulb by heat softening of the bulb, and the anode and cathode are also airtightly fixed on the base by selectively melting down of a first adhesive and a second adhesive which each have different melting points.

Abstract: A cathode is arranged at one end of an envelope of a fluorescent lamp, and a plurality of anodes are arranged at the other end. A discharge path-forming structure is disposed between the cathode and anodes. The structure comprises a vessel having an open end at the position adjacent to the anodes and an inner space, and also comprises a dividing element for dividing the inner space into a plurality of divided discharge paths each including a corresponding anode. A fluorescent material layer is coated on the inner surface of the vessel in a manner whereby the lamp generates different color light beams.

Abstract: An improved radiation-emitting device of the type for containing gas and an electron flow therein between electrodes. First and second separate elongated principal members form an elongated envelope volume having constant cross-sections along its length. The members are arranged and configured so that the envelope volume is less than that of a cylinder of similar cross-dimension. The inner surface of the second principal member has projecting structures which extend to distal ends adjacent to the first principal member.

Abstract: A low pressure arc discharge tube having structural means located within the envelope for causing a positive shift in the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the arc discharge tube. The shift in the volt-ampere curve causes a decrease in the impedance necessary to stabilize and ballast the discharge.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp having a sealed envelope including a major body portion and at least one minor transverse end portion. A non-specular light diffusing surface is axially located between the minor transverse end portion and one of the lamp electrodes. A phosphor layer within the sealed envelope subtends the major body portion of the envelope. The surface brightness of the phosphor layer as viewed through the minor transverse end portion of the envelope is greater than the intensity of the external surface brightness of the phosphor layer on the major body portion of the envelope during operation of the lamp. A lamp array for use as an element in a picture display is also disclosed including a plurality of sealed envelopes. In the case of a color presentation of information, one picture element is composed of three sealed envelopes phosphor coated with the primary colors red, green and blue.

Abstract: In a low pressure arc discharge light source unit for unipolar or bipolar operation comprising a vacuum-tight glass envelope translucent at at least one side thereof, a rare fill gas and a quantity of mercury therein, a coating of fluorescent phosphor on the inner side of the envelope, and at least two electrodes opposed to each other within the envelope and connected to electrical conductors, the envelope is flat and essentially two-dimensional comprising two planar areas essentially parallel to each other at a small distance. The unit provides for better light output, better radiation efficacy and simpler and less costly manufacture, at the same time being most compact. At least 50% of the radiation of the planar area of the front of the envelope is effective. Means are provided allowing a single cathode to cooperate with a multiplicity of anodes in e.g., a pixel.

Abstract: A colored fluorescent lamp assembly wherein a plurality of lamp tubes each coated on the inner surface with each of different coloring fluorescent substances and gas-tightly closed at one end having an electrode communicate their interior at the other open end with the interior of a gas-tight cell having a common electrode, and a single lighting control means controllably causes discharge lightings between the common electrode and the respective electrodes in the lamp tubes, for variably colored light emissions with a compact outline.

Abstract: A picture display panel is provided having an envelope with internal reinforcement partitions formed onto a display window. The display window is provided with substantially V-shaped grooves on the outside opposite to contact surfaces with the reinforcement partitions. The reinforcement partitions thus become substantially invisible from the outside. The outermost edges of these V-shaped grooves are preferably rounded, and the picture display window surface between juxtaposed grooves may be convexly curved into cylindrical lenses to make the reinforcement partitions even more invisible.

Abstract: Compact fluorescent lamps employ inner assemblies of fluorescent tubes mounted in an arc tight manner. Associated with the assemblies are thermally actuable means which operate to open communication with the tubes during exhaust. After exhaust and sealing of an outer envelope which holds the assembly, the thermally actuable means closes the tubes to form an arc tight seal.

Abstract: A discharge lamp having a discharge path-defining member which so defines the discharge path in the bulb that it runs in a convoluted manner with interlinked passages running between the top and the bottom of the bulb, wherein the top portion of the discharge path-defining member is provided with a top plate which permits one of the curved passage-interlinking portions at the bulb top to pass along the upper surface thereof, such that the shadow of the discharge path-defining member is eliminated from the bulb top and that the shape of the bulb can be freely selected, also enabling the lamp to be designed such that it is not easily broken, the discharge path-defining member can be easily and intimately fitted, and that the output of light is not reduced in the bulb top region.

Abstract: A low pressure discharge lamp has a nonlinear arc path formed by a partition in a lamp envelope wherein the lamp envelope is polyhedral and the partition is fixed to the corners of said polyhedron lamp envelope.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compact low-pressure discharge lamp, consisting of a hollow inner member (2) which is closely surrounded by a generally cylindrical outer member (1).Both members have a semi-spherical configuration at one end, their other ends being sealed together. At least one of the members is provided with a groove (6,7,8,9) which forms the discharge path. The groove wall, or the wall portion of the other member located opposite the groove, is provided with an electrically conducting strip (11) on its surface remote from the discharge, the strip being connected to one of said electrodes and extending along substantially the whole length of the groove. This causes the discharge to be confined solely to the groove without extending into any gap between the two members.

Abstract: A low pressure metal vapor discharge lamp has a double-tube type discharge vessel consisting of a fully closed outer glass bulb and an inner glass tube substantially coaxially disposed in the outer glass bulb, the inner glass tube being closed at its fixed end and opened at its free end. The space within the discharge vessel is filled with a small amount of a metal and a rare gas of a low pressure. A single cathode is disposed within the space inside the inner glass tube, while a plurality of anodes are disposed in the annular space between the inner glass tube and the outer glass bulb. According to the invention, a number of discharge channels corresponding to that of the anodes are formed between the single cathode and respective anodes, via the opening end brim of the inner glass tube. In operation, anode oscillations take place alternately in respective anodes to cause a self-excitation switching operation, so that a plurality of plasmas are formed.

Abstract: Low-pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp comprising a hollow inner member surrounded by an outer member, the wall of at least one of the members having grooves and the members of that portion, located between the grooves, extending to or to near the wall of the other member and a discharge space being formed wherein a discharge path, folded by means of the grooves, is present, the portions located between the grooves and facing the wall of the other member and extending to or to near the wall of the other member being provided with intervening portions extending in parallel with that wall.