Abstract: A method of forming a high-pressure plasma lamp includes providing a lamp bulb. The lamp bulb includes a top channel and a bottom channel. The method includes inserting a top electrode element into the top channel of the lamp bulb. The method includes providing a glass tubular structure attached to a bottom electrode element. The method includes filling the lamp bulb with a liquified gas through the bottom channel of the lamp bulb. The method includes inserting the bottom electrode element and the glass tubular structure into the bottom channel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a filament support and a lamp with the filament support. The filament support may include a main rod, a plurality of branch rods and a plurality of support members. The plurality of branch rods are all installed on the main rod; the support members are arranged at ends of at least some of the branch rods, both ends of the support member are curved or bent towards a same side, resulting in that the support member surrounds to form a penetrating zone, and an opening for communicating the penetrating zone is formed between both ends of the support member. Both ends of the support member are curved or bent towards a same side, resulting in that the support member surrounds to form a penetrating zone, and an opening for communicating the penetrating zone is formed between both ends of the support member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lamp device comprising: a glass tube configured to cover a discharge space in which a pair of electrodes are arranged so as to face each other; and a bayonet cap portion provided in an end portion of the glass tube and electrically connected to one electrode of the pair of electrodes, wherein the bayonet cap portion is formed to have a shape including a bottom surface and a peripheral surface, and includes, in the bottom surface, a first opening configured to supply a gas to an inside of the bayonet cap portion and a second opening configured to exhaust the gas from the inside of the bayonet cap portion.

Abstract: A body, such as a lamp body, includes a tubular element. At least one conductor is introduced into the tubular element and a glass material surrounds the conductor. The glass material forms a seal between the tubular element and the conductor. The glass material includes a sintered glass, such as a sintered glass ring, and may completely surround the conductor.

Abstract: A gas light source is disclosed where gas is contained within a graphene cylinder or graphene capsule. Electrodes extending into the graphene cylinder or capsule are stimulated by an electric voltage to emit light. Eight graphene cylinder light sources can be arranged into a seven-segment alpha-numeric display having a decimal point. Different gases produce different colors of light. Three gas light sources having different gases can be arranged into an RGB pixel. An array of RGB pixels can be formed into a display.

Abstract: A gas light source is disclosed where gas is contained within a graphene cylinder or graphene capsule. Electrodes extending into the graphene cylinder or capsule are stimulated by an electric voltage to emit light. Eight graphene cylinder light sources can be arranged into a seven-segment alpha-numeric display having a decimal point. Different gases produce different colors of light. Three gas light sources having different gases can be arranged into an RGB pixel. An array of RGB pixels can be formed into a display.

Abstract: A metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) growth with temperature controlled layer is described. A substrate or susceptor can have a temperature controlled layer formed thereon to adjust the temperature uniformity of a MOCVD growth process used to epitaxially grow semiconductor layers. In one embodiment, the substrate and/or the susceptor can be profiled with a shape that improves temperature uniformity during the MOCVD growth process. The profiled shape can be formed with material that provides a desired temperature distribution to the substrate that is in accordance with a predetermined temperature profile for the substrate for a particular MOCVD process.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a high-pressure discharge lamp, comprising the steps of: inserting a mount into an interior of a glass tube having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of an end part of a sealed container; radially constricting the glass tube at a first position located away from a metallic foil toward a tip of an electrode; sealing the mount by a region of the glass tube that ranges from the first position to at least the other end of the metallic foil; protruding the electrode out of the glass tube located away from the first position toward the tip of the electrode to form a glass-tube air-tightly sealed mount; inserting the sealed mount into the end part of the sealed container; and radially constricting the end part of the sealed container to sealing the glass tube of the sealed mount by the end part.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a high-pressure discharge lamp, comprising the steps of: inserting a mount into an interior of a glass tube having an outer diameter smaller than an inner diameter of an end part of a sealed container; radially constricting the glass tube at a first position located away from a metallic foil toward a tip of an electrode; sealing the mount by a region of the glass tube that ranges from the first position to at least the other end of the metallic foil; protruding the electrode out of the glass tube located away from the first position toward the tip of the electrode to form a glass-tube air-tightly sealed mount; inserting the sealed mount into the end part of the sealed container; and radially constricting the end part of the sealed container to sealing the glass tube of the sealed mount by the end part.

Abstract: The invention describes an electrode (1) for use in a lamp (3) comprising a quartz glass envelope (30) enclosing a chamber (31), which electrode (1) comprises a tip for extending into the chamber (31) and base for embedding in a sealed portion (33) of the quartz glass envelope (30), characterized in that the base comprises a plurality of essentially smooth concave channels (2) arranged around the body of the electrode (2) and wherein the depth (dch) of a channel (2) is preferably at most 8 percent, more preferably at most 5 percent, most preferably at most 3 percent of a diameter (De) of the electrode (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a skin treatment device, a lamp for use in such a skin treatment device, and its use. The skin treatment device according to the invention uses a combination of tanning-effective and/or anti-acne effective amounts of blue light in the spectral range from 400-440 nm in addition to the UV-light known in the art. An important advantage is that a lower UV dose can be used, leading to lower health risks, while the exposure times can be kept within acceptable limits, without compromising the skin treatment result.

Abstract: A high pressure gas discharge lamp includes a ceramic discharge vessel that has a container wall enclosing a discharge space having a filling. First and second electrodes are mutually oppositely arranged in the discharge space and are mounted on first and second feedthroughs, respectively, which extend in a gas-tightly sealed manner through the container wall. The high pressure gas discharge lamp further includes a UV-enhancer that has a wall portion and a chamber. The chamber is enclosed by the wall portion of the UV-enhancer and an end part of the container wall.

Abstract: A light source device having a large cooling action on the base member of a discharge lamp. A connector on the sides of the power supply and the air blower and the base-side connector of a discharge lamp are connected to each other through a connection cable having a power cable in which an air blow pipe is contained. An electric power is supplied from the power supply to a base part through the power cable of the connection cable, the base-side connector and a flow passage bending member. The cool air from the air blower is supplied to the groove part of the base part through the air blow pipe of the connection cable, the base-side connector and an air blow passage in the flow passage-bending member.

Abstract: A bushing for a high-pressure discharge lamp, which is suitable for connecting an electrode in the interior of a ceramic discharge vessel to a supply lead in a gastight manner on the exterior of the discharge vessel, wherein the bushing is an electrically conductive ceramic composite consisting of a mixture of LaB6 and at least one second material from the group Al2O3, Dy2Al5O12, AlN, AlON and Dy2O3 is disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lamp comprising a ceramic discharge vessel (3) with end parts (34) and with electrodes (4) which are connected to a respective external contact via a respective feedthrough (20). Each feedthrough is sealed with a sealing part (40) thereof by a sealing compound (10) in the end part. The discharge vessel gastightly encloses a discharge space into which said two electrodes extend from the end part and which contains an ionizable filling. The sealing compound comprises at least one first component chosen from the group consisting of ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os) and rhenium (Re), and comprises at least one second component chosen from the group consisting of silicium (Si), boron (B), phosphor (P). Thus, a halide resistant lamp vessel is obtained exhibiting excellent lifetime characteristics and long lifetimes.

Abstract: The invention describes a discharge lamp (1) comprising a quartz glass envelope (10), a discharge chamber (11) and a pair of electrodes (2), wherein an outer end portion (2A) of an electrode (2) overlaps a conductive foil (3) embedded in a pinch (12) of the quartz glass envelope (10), and wherein the electrode (2) comprises an inner structured zone (ZB) in an inner portion (2B) of the electrode (2) between the conductive foil (3) and the discharge chamber (11), and an outer structured zone (ZA) over the outer end portion (2A) of the electrode (2), and wherein the outer structured zone (ZA) and the inner structured zone (ZB) are different from each other. The invention also describes a method of manufacturing an electrode (2) for use in a discharge lamp (1). The invention further describes an electrode (2) for use in a discharge lamp (1).

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having an arc tube with a casing made of glass. The arc tube includes a light-emitting part and sealing parts connected to the light-emitting part. A pair of electrode rods are disposed within the glass casing such that their tips face each other with a gap therebetween and project into the discharge space, and their base ends are embedded in the sealing parts and overlap surfaces of metal foils provided in the sealing parts. Each base end is coated with a coating foil made of metal and having a C-like cross section with a slit formed between edges thereof. An end of the coating foil farthest from the light-emitting part is located closer to the light-emitting part than an end of the metal foil closest to the light-emitting part.

Abstract: A long life high pressure arc discharge lamp configuration is disclosed. In some embodiments, the lamp includes a first non-cycling high pressure arc tube having a first ignition aid and a second arc tube electrically connected in parallel to the first arc tube. A lamp envelope is provided about the first and second arc tubes. In some cases, each of the first and second arc tubes is a non-cycling high pressure sodium arc tube, and each is configured with an ignition aid strip running lengthwise down the corresponding arc tube. In some cases, the first and second arc tubes are oriented such that their respective ignition aid strips are effectively 180 degrees+/?90 degrees away from each other, or so that their respective ignition aid strips are effectively 180 degrees+/?5 degrees away from each other. In some such, the second arc tube is a low-pressure arc tube.

Abstract: A heating unit and a method of fabricating the heating unit are provided. The heating unit includes a heating member provided in a tube, with an outer surface of the heating member spaced apart from an inner surface of the tube. The heating member may be connected to an external power source by a metal piece, rod, and a connecting unit sequentially coupled to the heating member. The heating member, connecting unit and rod provide a stable positioning of the heating member in the tube during thermal expansion of the heating member, thus preventing contact therebetween.

Abstract: A quartz light includes a lamp base having two grooves, and a light capsule located above the lamp base and having a projection disposed in a compartment of the light capsule, a metal electrode engaged in the compartment of the light capsule and engaged over the projection for forming two downwardly dependent limbs, two molybdenum foils engaged in the compartment of the light capsule and electrically connected to the limbs of the metal electrode, and two lead wires electrically coupled to the molybdenum foils and each having an external end portion extended out of the light capsule and engaged through the grooves of the lamp base and extended out of the lamp base, and secured to the lamp base by heat sealing the lamp base onto the lead wires.

Abstract: An array of microcavity plasma devices is formed in a unitary sheet of oxide with embedded microcavities or microchannels and encapsulated metal driving electrodes isolated by oxide from the microcavities or microchannels and arranged so as to generate sustain a plasma in the embedded microcavities or microchannels upon application of time-varying voltage when a plasma medium is contained in the microcavities or microchannels.

Abstract: A lamp device and a light source module are provided. The lamp device includes a lamp body and a coil connecting tube. The lamp body has an end portion and a lead wire extends from the end portion. The coil connecting tube is disposed corresponding to the end portion of the lamp body and electrically connecting to the lead wire for power supply purpose. The coil connecting tube winds about an axial direction of the lamp body and is capable of stretching or compressing along the axial direction. The light source module includes the lamp device and a lamp connector which has a power source portion being coupled to the coil connecting tube for power supply.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a high-pressure discharge lamp including a starting aid and a longitudinal axis having a ceramic discharge vessel that is housed in an outer bulb, the discharge vessel having two ends having including capillaries with electrodes fastened therein, wherein a frame having a hanger wire holds the discharge vessel in the outer bulb and the hanger wire is configured so that it includes a plate-like starting aid toward the capillary of the opposite-pole electrode, with the plate-like starting aid being configured as a foil or metal sheet and the plate-like starting aid further including a means for purely mechanical fastening to at least the capillary.

Abstract: A discharge tube of the present invention includes a glass bulb in which noble gas is enclosed, a pair of electrodes protruding from both ends of the glass bulb in the longitudinal direction of the glass bulb, and a connector connected to each of the electrodes. Each of the electrodes includes at least an axis section and a large-diameter section with a step section and a circumferential face. The step section has a first latching section for latching onto the connector. The circumferential face has a contact section with which the connector comes in contact. The connector includes a connector body into which the electrode is inserted, a second latching section for latching onto the first latching section of the electrode, and a connecting section connected to the contact section of the electrode. This achieves a discharge tube with high connection reliability and high heat radiation efficiency, and a light-emitting apparatus provided with this discharge tube.

Abstract: To prevent bending of an electrode shaft portion by a method which requires minimum increase in production cost, in an electrode mount for a high pressure discharge lamp. A manufacturing method of an electrode mount for the high pressure discharge lamp includes: a process of subjecting the electrode mount to a heat treatment, the electrode mount including an electrode and a metal foil which are welded to each other; and an oxidation process of producing an oxide on a surface of the electrode shaft portion of the electrode by laser irradiation to form an oxidation portion on the surface, wherein a laser irradiation position is determined such that a whole or part of the oxidation portion is included in a sealing portion of the high pressure discharge lamp when the electrode mount is embedded in the sealing portion.

Abstract: A discharge lamp bulb includes an arc tube having: a pair of electrodes that are opposed to each other inside a luminous tube; an outer tube having the luminous tube therein; a pair of lead wires connected to the electrodes; and a metal band mounted on an outer periphery of the outer tube, a support plug having: a plug body having a hollow, inner cylindrical section therein that opens at a front end; an arc-tube support portion mounted on a front-end edge of the inner cylindrical section; and a flange, and a lead support wire extending outside the outer tube in the longitudinal direction and connecting one of the lead wires with the support plug, wherein a front-end face of the inner cylindrical section is substantially flush with a front-end face of the flange or positioned on a back-end side with respect to the front-end face of the flange.

Abstract: Methods for improving the efficiency of infrared (IR) halogen lamps and IR halogen lamps having improved efficiency are disclosed. In a method of aligning a filament in a lamp body, the lamp body having the filament therein is rotated, and tubular end portions are heated and necked down which may assist in positioning the filament within the lamp and reduce end losses. IR halogen lamps formed from glass tubes having an OD less than 5 mm are also disclosed. The reduced diameter of the glass tubing increases the surface area for IR energy reflection and reduces end losses. Spuds or beads may be used to position the filament within the lamp.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge lamp includes an electrically insulating arc tube. A sealed shroud encloses the arc tube. An electrically conductive frame member is disposed inside the shroud and is electrically connected to an electrical conductor that extends in the arc tube. Electrically conductive foil is fastened to the frame member and forms a closed loop that encircles a leg of the arc tube by an angle in a range of at least 270 degrees to 360 degrees. The foil can be connected to the frame member and to itself. A distance from an outer surface of a flange of the arc tube leg to a proximal edge of the foil can range from 1.5 to 8 mm. A width of the foil can range from 1 mm to 4 mm.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for controlling the cold spot in a high-intensity discharge lamp. In an embodiment, an elongated arc tube has an inner wall defining a discharge chamber that includes a metal halide dose. A first leg extends from the arc tube in a first direction and a second leg extends from the arc tube in a second direction that is opposite the first direction. The first electrode is disposed within the first leg such that no voids exist between the first electrode and an entire inner portion of the first leg. Likewise, a second electrode disposed within the second leg has no voids between it and an entire inner portion of the second leg. The arc tube also has a first annular bucket structure within the discharge chamber formed by a nub surrounding the first tip and an interior wall portion, and a second annular bucket structure within the discharge chamber formed by a nub surrounding the second tip and a second interior wall portion.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a lamp base element for holding a transformer is provided. The lamp base element may include a transformer chamber which holds the transformer, wherein the transformer is held completely in the transformer chamber, and wherein the contact pins of the transformer are passed through a contact-making face of the transformer chamber, which contact-making face is opposite an opening face.

Abstract: It is provided a burner for automotive lamps, particularly HID lamps, comprising a discharge vessel for generating light by means of a discharge arc. A glass body for protecting the discharge vessel comprises a shaft for being inserted into a socket. The shaft comprises at least one insulation pocket for receiving a rib of the socket and for insulating the first electrode outside the glass body. Due to the insulation pocket the glass body may provide an umbrella-like dielectric increasing the minimum necessary way for a high voltage discharge arc to the uncovered part of the first electrode at the proximal end of the shaft. Due to the improved insulation effect by means of the insulation pocket, the height of the shaft of the glass body may be significantly reduced leading to a reduced height of the burner without impairing the insulation of the burner.

Abstract: A starting light source for radiating the UV-light to a discharge chamber upon starting lighting of a high pressure discharge lamp includes a discharge tube for generating the UV-light by a starting voltage applied upon starting lighting the lamp, the discharge tube includes an internal electrode extended from a pinch seal portion formed at one end to a light-emitting portion thereof and an external electrode disposed close to or in contact with both of the light-emitting portion and the pinch seal portion, at least a portion of the external electrode disposed for the light-emitting portion includes a holder formed by bending fabrication of a metal sheet into such a shape of gripping and holding the discharge tube, and a terminal is formed to the holder for fixing and electrically connecting the external electrode to a conductor part having a polarity opposite to that of the internal electrode.

Abstract: An electrode for a gas discharge lamp having a massive electrode head and an electrode rod connected thereto, which has a guide section which can be led through a wall of a discharge vessel of the gas discharge lamp or can be fused into said wall or can be encompassed by said wall. The grid structure of at least one section of the electrode rod has doping. At least one section of the electrode head consists of highly pure tungsten. A concentration of a contaminant is less than 10 ppm.

Abstract: A HID luminaire includes a HID lamp, a reflector, and a lens. The reflector has a proximal end, a distal area, and an intermediate are positioned therebetween. The reflector has an interior surface that includes a first portion that extends from the proximal end to the intermediate area and a second portion that extends from the intermediate area to the distal end. The second portion is less light reflective than the first portion. The lens has two different diffusion rates and includes a center portion having a lens inner diameter and an outer portion surrounding the center portion. The lens inner diameter is about the same diameter as the diameter of the intermediate area. The outer portion is more diffuse than the center portion but allows light to be transmitted therethrough.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lamp comprising a ceramic discharge vessel (3) with end parts (34) and with electrodes (4) which are connected to a respective external contact via a respective feedthrough (20). Each feedthrough is sealed with a sealing part (40) thereof by a sealing compound (10) in the end part. The discharge vessel gastightly encloses a discharge space into which said two electrodes extend from the end part and which contains an ionizable filling. The sealing compound comprises at least one first component chosen from the group consisting of ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os) and rhenium (Re), and comprises at least one second component chosen from the group consisting of silicium (Si), boron (B), phosphor (P). Thus, a halide resistant lamp vessel is obtained exhibiting excellent lifetime characteristics and long lifetimes.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having an ignition aid may be provided, having a discharge vessel that is surrounded by gas, wherein the discharge vessel includes two ends having fusings in which electrodes are secured, wherein an ignition aid is fastened on at least one fusing, wherein the ignition aid has a local field amplifier in the form of a tip or a curved part, wherein the ignition aid is configured to cause a corona discharge in the surrounding gas which emits UV radiation into the discharge vessel.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a metal halide lamp in which arc discharge in the initial stage of lamp lighting can be stabilized. A metal halide lamp includes a translucent outer tube with a base formed at one end thereof and a light-emitting portion disposed in the outer tube. This metal halide lamp is configured as a vertical mounting type such that the base thereof looks toward the upper side. The discharge tube has mercury and metal halides enclosed therein. Assuming that a lamp rated power is P [W], then a mercury concentration d(Hg) [?mol/cm3] in the discharge tube falls within a range of values of ±10% of a mercury concentration d(Hg) obtained by the following equation “d(Hg)=0.0007P2?0.4113P+99.557”.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp has a sealing portion that is made of glass and a sealing metal piece. In a method of manufacturing the high pressure discharge lamp, the sealing metal piece is irradiated with laser beam whose pulse width is 1×10?9 seconds or less, so as to carry out a surface treatment of the sealing metal piece. The sealing metal piece may have a groove that is 120 to 600 nm in depth and 450 to 1,200 nm in width.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having an arc tube with a casing made of glass. The arc tube includes a light-emitting part and sealing parts connected to the light-emitting part. A pair of electrode rods are disposed within the glass casing such that their tips face each other with a gap therebetween and project into the discharge space, and their base ends are embedded in the sealing parts and overlap surfaces of metal foils provided in the sealing parts. Each base end is coated with a coating foil made of metal and having a C-like cross section with a slit formed between edges thereof. An end of the coating foil farthest from the light-emitting part is located closer to the light-emitting part than an end of the metal foil closest to the light-emitting part.

Abstract: A high pressure gas discharge lamp has electrodes that project into a discharge space surrounded by a discharge wall. The discharge space has a filling of rare gas and metal halides. The metal halide composition comprises halides of sodium and scandium with a mass ratio of halides of Sodium and Scandium of 0.9-1.5. In order to provide a lamp that can be easily manufactured and is well suited for operation at reduced power, the discharge vessel wall is of externally and internally cylindrical shape. The lamp may be manufactured by providing a cylindrical tube of quartz material, heating the tube at two distant portions and forming grooves there, inserting two electrodes into the tube and heating and pinching the tube at both ends to seal the discharge space. Manufacture is carried out without a bulb forming step such that the discharge space remains in externally and internally cylindrical shape.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp of the present invention is provided with a light-emitting bulb comprising a light-emitting part and sealing sections; metal foils embedded within the sealing sections; and a pair of electrodes having one end protruding into the light-emitting part and having the other end embedded in the corresponding sealing section and joined to the corresponding metal foil. An embedded length L (mm) of the electrodes that is defined by the length between a light-emitting part side end of the metal foil and the border section between the protruding section and the embedded section of the electrode, and the temperature T (° C.) at the joint region of the electrode and the metal foil are set to satisfy 1.8?L?2.8 and T?970.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a metal halide lamp in which arc discharge in the initial stage of lamp lighting can be stabilized. A metal halide lamp includes a translucent outer tube with a base formed at one end thereof and a light-emitting portion disposed in the outer tube. This metal halide lamp is configured as a vertical mounting type such that the base thereof looks toward the upper side. The discharge tube has mercury and metal halides enclosed therein. Assuming that a lamp rated power is P [W], then a mercury concentration d(Hg) [?mol/cm3] in the discharge tube falls within a range of values of ±10% of a mercury concentration d(Hg) obtained by the following equation. “d(Hg)=0.0007P2?0.4113P+99.

Abstract: A bushing for a high-pressure discharge lamp, which is suitable for connecting an electrode in the interior of a ceramic discharge vessel to a supply lead in a gastight manner on the exterior of the discharge vessel, wherein the bushing is an electrically conductive ceramic composite consisting of a mixture of LaB6 and at least one second material from the group Al2O3, Dy2Al5O12, AlN, AlON and Dy2O3 is disclosed.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp comprising two electrodes (16, 18), which are arranged facing each other in a discharge vessel (6) and are each in electric contact via a current feed system (20, 24, 26, 28, 30), wherein each current feed system penetrates a piston shaft (9,10) arranged in a gastight manner on the discharge vessel (6), wherein in the region of the outer current feed (28, 30) of at least one piston shaft (9) a cooling element (12) is arranged, and wherein the outer current feed (28, 30) and the cooling element (12) are in direct thermal and electric contact.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a light emission section in which a pair of electrodes is arranged, sealing portions formed from both ends of the light emission section, external leads, and a trigger wire provided near the light emission section. The trigger wire includes a first coil portion, which is wound from a vicinity of a boundary between the light emission section and one of the sealing portions towards an outer end of the one of sealing portions, and a linear stretch-across portion, which extends from the first coil portion near the light emission section towards the external lead extending from an outer end of the other sealing portion and is fixed to the external lead. A second coil portion is formed around the other sealing portion. The wire, which forms the stretch-across portion, is held between the second coil portion and the other sealing portion.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp having an ignition aid may be provided, having a discharge vessel that is surrounded by gas, wherein the discharge vessel includes two ends having fusings in which electrodes are secured, wherein an ignition aid is fastened on at least one fusing, wherein the ignition aid has a local field amplifier in the form of a tip or a curved part, wherein the ignition aid is configured to cause a corona discharge in the surrounding gas which emits UV radiation into the discharge vessel.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp has increased weight of emission mix material on the metal coils forming the electrodes. The coating layer of emission mix material includes in the range of 70 weight % to 85 weight % alkaline earth carbonate content. The coating layer of emission mix material has a particle size distribution by volume with two maxima, and one of the maxima is at a particle size that is no more than half and up to one tenth smaller than of the particle size of the other maximum. The smaller of the two maxima constitutes 10 weight % to 40 weight % of the alkaline earth carbonates in the coating layer of emission mix material. A method for making fluorescent lamp includes the step of installing at least one electrode coated with an emission mix material including more than 70 weight % alkaline earth carbonate content.

Abstract: In a mercury free arc tube provided with a sealed glass chamber in which at least metallic halide for main light emission is sealed as well as rare gas by pinch-sealing both end openings of a glass tube and electrode bars are opposite to each other, the tip of a region projecting into the sealed glass chamber of each the electrode bars is formed of a single crystal. Owing to repetition of ON/OFF of the arc tube, the crystal at the tip of the electrode bar grows but the shape of the electrode end face formed of the single crystal remains unchanged. Further, even if the tip of the electrode bar is gradually consumed by thermal load acting on the tip of the electrode bar, the entire shape of the electrode end face is consumed nearly uniformly so that decline of the luminescent spot does not occur during discharging.

Abstract: A light source capsule (16) having a capsule envelope (18) with a wall (20) defining an enclosed volume (22), and having a sealed portion (24). A light source (26) is positioned in the enclosed volume (22) and has deformable electrical leads-ins (28, 30) extending through the sealed portion (24) of the capsule envelope (18). Stiff lead-in engagers (32) are aligned with the sealed portion (24) of the capsule envelope (18) and are electrically coupled to the electrical leads (28, 30), the lead-in engagers being electrically conductive. The lead-in engagers are fitted through apertures in the base (14) of a lamp envelope (12) to complete a lamp (10).

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp comprising a translucent discharge vessel which encloses a discharge space and has two sealed ends. Two electrodes extend from the sealed ends into the discharge space, and a fill is arranged in the discharge space for generating a gas discharge. Electrical feeds lead out of the sealed ends for supplying energy to the electrodes, with an electrically conductive layer acting as an ignition aid being arranged on the surface of the discharge vessel. The electrically conductive layer comprises at least a first layer section and a second layer section, the first layer section being arranged on a first sealed end of the discharge vessel and extends onto the surface of that region of the discharge vessel which encloses the discharge space. The second layer section is arranged on the second sealed end of the discharge vessel and extends onto the surface of that region of the discharge vessel which encloses the discharge space.