Abstract: A neutralizer suitable for use in an ion engine comprises a halogen gas source and an electrode tube comprising an inlet opening connected to the halogen gas source for supplying a halogen gas provided by the halogen gas source into the electrode tube, a discharge space for generating a plasma from the halogen gas supplied into the electrode tube, and an outlet opening for discharging the plasma generated in the discharge space and free electrons from the electrode tube. An electron emitter is arranged in the discharge space of the electrode tube, which is at least partially made of tungsten, a tungsten alloy or a tungsten composite material containing at least one of iridium, rhenium, ruthenium, rhodium and osmium.

Abstract: A flux cored welding electrode includes a ferrous metal sheath and a core within the sheath including core ingredients, the core ingredients including, in weight percent based on the total weight of the flux cored welding electrode: 2.0-3.0 aluminum, 1.0-2.0 manganese, and 0.001-0.5 rare earth metal oxide including three or more of Cerium (Ce), Lanthanum (La), Neodymium (Nd) and Praseodymium (Pr).

Abstract: An externally gapped line arrester, EGLA, for transmission lines, the EGLA including a series varistor unit, SVU, having a first end and a second end, the SVU configured to be connected between a transmission line and ground, a primary sparkover gap unit serially connected to the first end of the SVU, a secondary gap arranged between the second end of the SVU and ground, and the secondary gap serially connected to the second end of the SVU, a shorting-link device connected in parallel with the secondary gap, and a disconnecting device arranged in the shorting-link device, the disconnecting device configured to open the shorting-link device when the SVU is overloaded. A method for impulse protection performed by an EGLA is also disclosed.

Abstract: A discharge chamber for a deep ultraviolet (DUV) light source includes a housing; and a first electrode and a second electrode in the housing, the first electrode and the second electrode being separated from each other to form a discharge region between the first electrode and the second electrode, the discharge region being configured to receive a gain medium including at least one noble gas and a halogen gas. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode includes a metal alloy including more than 33% and less than 50% zinc by weight.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp includes a cathode body composed of a cathode made of tungsten or tungsten alloy and a lead rod inserted in a lead rod insertion hole of the cathode. The cathode has a carbonized layer made of tungsten carbide (W2C) formed on a surface thereof exposed to a discharge space (except for a tip portion thereof) and on an inner surface of the lead rod insertion hole. The carbonized layer contains carbon in an amount of 0.44 g/cc to 0.53 g/cc.

Abstract: An electrode module includes an electrode and a core wire inserted into a core wire insertion hole of the electrode. When inserting the core wire into the core wire insertion hole of the electrode, the core wire can be inserted smoothly, thereby avoiding occurrence of chipping or cracking in the core wire insertion hole. A low-friction layer is provided on the inner surface of the core wire insertion hole of the electrode and/or the outer periphery of the inserted portion of the core wire.

Abstract: A lamp comprising an envelope (1) of quartz glass surrounding the light source of the lamp is described, wherein an electric conductor (8), for example, an electrode rod, is at least partly embedded in the quartz glass material of the envelope (1). At the conductor (8) is provided with protrusions (15) forming a brush-like structure at this surface. The protrusions (15) preferably have an average length of between 10 ?m and 35 ?m.

Abstract: A discharge lamp includes an emitter other than thorium, which is added to a cathode in a luminous tube. Early depletion of the emitter due to excessive vaporization of the emitter from the cathode is prevented, while achieving stable lighting even at the start-up of the lighting. A main body part (31) of the cathode (3) is made from a high-melting-point metal material that contains no thorium, and a front end part (32) thereof is made from a high-melting-point metal material that contains an emitter (other than thorium). A sintered compact (34), which contains an emitter (other than thorium) at a concentration higher than the emitter contained in the front end part (32), is buried in a sealed space (33) that is formed within the main body part (31) and/or the front end part (32). The sintered compact (34) abuts against the front end part (32).

Abstract: A discharge lamp includes a cathode in a luminous tube, and an emitter, other than thorium, is added to the cathode. The emitter is prevented from being excessively vaporized from the cathode and depleted soon. Smooth lighting is enabled even at start-up. A main body part (31) of the cathode (3) is made from a metallic material having a high melting point and containing no thorium. A front end (32) is made from a metallic material having a high melting point and containing an emitter (excepting thorium). Inside a sealed space (33) formed in the main body part (31) and/or the front end part (32) is received a sintered compact (34) containing an emitter (excepting thorium) that is higher in concentration than the emitter contained in the front end part (32).

Abstract: Provided is a tungsten electrode material that can improve the life of an electrode than conventional by the use of a material in place of thorium oxide. The tungsten electrode material includes a tungsten base alloy and oxide particles dispersed in the tungsten base alloy, wherein the oxide particle is an oxide solid solution in which a Zr oxide and/or a Hf oxide and an oxide of at least one or more kinds of rare earth elements selected from Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu are solid-dissolved.

Abstract: A highly durable cathode component for a discharge lamp is provided. A cathode component for a discharge lamp includes a barrel having a wire diameter of 2 to 35 mm and a tapered front end, wherein the cathode component comprises a tungsten alloy containing 0.5 to 3% by weight, in terms of oxide (ThO2), of a thorium component, not less than 90% of tungsten crystals are accounted for by tungsten crystals having a grain size in the range of 1 to 80 ?m, as observed in terms of an area ratio of 300 ?m×300 ?m in unit area in a circumferential cross section of the barrel, and are accounted for by tungsten crystals having a grain size in the range of 10 to 120 ?m, as observed in terms of an area ratio of 300 ?m×300 ?m in unit area in a side cross section of the barrel.

Abstract: A flash lamp is disclosed including an insulative envelope containing a gas and housing a pair of arcing electrodes and characterized by an instance of isolated conductive material being formed at a predetermined location on the inside of the envelope adjacent an electrode. Further disclosed is a corresponding method of manufacturing a flash lamp and apparatus for the same.

Abstract: The use of the electride form of 12CaO-7Al2O3, or C12A7, as a low work function electron emitter in a hollow cathode discharge apparatus is described. No heater is required to initiate operation of the present cathode, as is necessary for traditional hollow cathode devices. Because C12A7 has a fully oxidized lattice structure, exposure to oxygen does not degrade the electride. The electride was surrounded by a graphite liner since it was found that the C12A7 electride converts to it's eutectic (CA+C3A) form when heated (through natural hollow cathode operation) in a metal tube.

Abstract: To prevent bending of an electrode shaft portion by a method which requires minimum increase in production cost, in an electrode mount for a high pressure discharge lamp. A manufacturing method of an electrode mount for the high pressure discharge lamp includes: a process of subjecting the electrode mount to a heat treatment, the electrode mount including an electrode and a metal foil which are welded to each other; and an oxidation process of producing an oxide on a surface of the electrode shaft portion of the electrode by laser irradiation to form an oxidation portion on the surface, wherein a laser irradiation position is determined such that a whole or part of the oxidation portion is included in a sealing portion of the high pressure discharge lamp when the electrode mount is embedded in the sealing portion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a short arc discharge lamp which has a cathode electrode structure formed by solid-phase bonding a tip part made of thoriated tungsten to a body part made of tungsten. According to the present invention, the bonding strength between the body part and the tip part is increased to the same level as the mechanical strength of tungsten, thus preventing a breakage from being caused on a junction interface. For this, on a section of the cathode electrode taken along a line perpendicular to the junction interface, in an arbitrary portion of 500 ?m or more in length along the junction interface, when a length of the arbitrary portion along the junction interface is set to L0, and a sum of lengths of tungsten crystal grains, along the junction interface, that are present through the junction interface is set to L, (L/L0)?0.16 is satisfied.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a short arc discharge lamp which has a cathode electrode structure formed by solid-phase bonding a tip part made of thoriated tungsten to a body part made of tungsten. In the present invention, thorium can be reliably diffused onto the surface of the cathode electrode over a long period of time without stagnation of reduction of thorium oxide in the tip part. Therefore, satisfactory emission characteristics can be provided, whereby the arc stability is more reliable. The cathode electrode of the present invention is characterized in that potassium concentration of the body part is higher than potassium concentration of the tip part.

Abstract: A discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel (4), at least one electrode (22, 24) arranged within the discharge vessel, wherein at least parts of the electrode (22) are provided with a particle composite coating (32) made up of a matrix layer and particles embedded in the matrix layer, wherein the extinction coefficient k of the material for the matrix layer is less than 0.1 in the spectral range between 600 nm and 2 ?m, and wherein the extinction coefficient k of the material for the particles is greater than 0.1 in the spectral range between 600 nm and 2 ?m.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a PDP bus electrode comprising steps of: (a) applying onto a glass substrate a black paste comprising, based on the weight of the black paste, (i) a black colorant, (ii) a first glass frit having a first softening point, (iii) a second glass frit having a second softening point, (iv) a photopolymerization initiator, (v) a photopolymerizable compound, and (vi) an organic medium; (b) applying onto the applied black paste a white paste comprising a metal powder, glass frit and an organic medium; (c) exposing the applied pastes to light; (d) developing the exposed pastes; and (e) firing the developed pastes with a firing profile having a firing peak temperature, wherein the first softening point is lower than the firing peak temperature and wherein the second softening point is higher than the firing peak temperature.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrode (16) for a high-pressure discharge lamp (10), comprising the following steps: a) scanning at least part of the electrode surface for producing an oxide layer (step 120); b) at least partially sublimating the oxide layer formed in step a) (step 120); and c) reducing the rest of the oxide layer.

Abstract: A short arc type discharge lamp includes a cathode and an anode arranged inside an arc tube to face each other. The cathode comprises a main body portion made of tungsten and an emitter portion made of thoriated tungsten that is joined at the tip of the main body portion, where a metal oxide other than thorium (Th) is contained in the main body portion of the cathode, and a tungsten carbide layer is formed on the metal oxide.

Abstract: A lamp includes a discharge vessel; electrodes spaced apart in the discharge vessel comprising tungsten or tungsten alloy; and a fill sealed within the vessel having a pressure between 50-200 mbar. The fill includes: a starting gas which comprises: xenon, krypton, argon or combinations thereof with the exception of pure argon; optionally radioactive Kr85 with a maximum activity level of 0.124 MBq/l as part of the starting gas; and a metal halide component. The lamp includes an active tungsten regeneration cycle wherein the fill comprises a species of the tungsten or tungsten alloy of material of the electrodes during lamp operation, wherein the solubility of tungsten or components of tungsten alloy in the tungsten or tungsten alloy species is lower in a gas phase adjacent to the electrodes than at close proximity of the wall of the discharge vessel.

Abstract: In a mercury free arc tube provided with a sealed glass chamber in which at least metallic halide for main light emission is sealed as well as rare gas by pinch-sealing both end openings of a glass tube and electrode bars are opposite to each other, the tip of a region projecting into the sealed glass chamber of each the electrode bars is formed of a single crystal. Owing to repetition of ON/OFF of the arc tube, the crystal at the tip of the electrode bar grows but the shape of the electrode end face formed of the single crystal remains unchanged. Further, even if the tip of the electrode bar is gradually consumed by thermal load acting on the tip of the electrode bar, the entire shape of the electrode end face is consumed nearly uniformly so that decline of the luminescent spot does not occur during discharging.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium lamp includes a lamp base, a light admissible housing and a sodium vapor illumination arrangement, which includes a light core extended from the lamp base into the light admissible housing; a supporting frame, and an arc tube. The supporting frame longitudinally extends in the light admissible housing, and has an upper end portion supported by an upper portion of the light admissible housing, and a lower end portion supported by the light core. The arc tube has a first and a second electrode formed at two ends thereof and electrically connected with the upper end portion of the supporting frame and the light core respectively, wherein sodium vapor in the arc tube is electrically excited to discharge light having an intensity equivalent to that generated by more than 1000 W power.

Abstract: A high-pressure gas discharge lamp has a sealed discharge vessel with an inner discharge space. Two electrodes project into the discharge space. The filling in the discharge space includes metal halides and a rare gas. The filling is free of Hg and Th and includes halides in an amount of 7.1-11.4 ?g/mm3 of the volume of the discharge space. The halides includes at least NaI and ScI3, provided in such amounts that a ratio of the masses of NaI to ScI3 is 1.2-1.6.

Abstract: A short arc type discharge lamp wherein a cathode and an anode are arranged opposite to each other in an interior of a light emitting tube and said cathode consists of a main body part with tungsten as the main constituent and an emitter part comprised of thoriated tungsten, wherein an oxygen content of the main body part of said cathode is lower than that of the emitter part, and band-shaped tungsten carbide is formed at the tip end face of the emitter part of said cathode.

Abstract: A lamp according to one or more embodiments includes a tube which forms a light-emitting space, an electrode main body which is disposed in the tube, and an emitter surface metal layer which includes an alkali metal oxide and/or an alkaline earth metal oxide, and covers the electrode main body. The emitter surface metal layer may include cesium (Cs) and may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of beryllium oxide (BeO), magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), strontium oxide (SrO), barium oxide (BaO), cesium oxide (CsO) and radium oxide (RaO). Therefore, discharge may be easily activated because of a high secondary electron emission coefficient. Thus, a light-emitting efficiency may be enhanced and dark start characteristics may be improved.

Abstract: A lamp includes a discharge vessel comprising a body portion defining a discharge space and leg members extending therefrom. Electrode assemblies include conductors carried by bores of the respective leg members. At least one of the conductors is bonded directly to the respective leg member within the bore, without the need for a sealing material, to form an airtight seal. Electrodes are electrically connected to the conductors and extend into the discharge vessel. An ionizable fill is sealed within the vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a discharge lamp with a floor plate and a roof plate designed for dielectrically impeded discharge, in which the minimum discharge distances are at least 10 mm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluorescent lamp having ceramic-glass composite electrodes, which has a higher dielectric constant, higher secondary electron emission, and higher polarization under the same electric field, and thus enables the movement of many more electrons and cations, resulting in high brightness. The fluorescent lamp having ceramic-glass composite electrodes includes a glass tube, which has a phosphor applied on the inner surface thereof and is filled with a mixture of inert gas and metal vapor, both ends of which are sealed; and hollow cylindrical electrodes provided at both ends of the glass tube, each of the hollow cylindrical electrodes having a stepped portion between a central portion thereof and an end portion thereof, and being formed of a ceramic-glass composite. As the material for the electrode, a composite, including a CaO—MgO—SrO—ZrO2—TiO2 ceramic composition and glass frit, is used.

Abstract: A low-pressure discharge lamp includes a discharge vessel, a gas discharge medium including nitrogen contained in the discharge vessel at low pressure, wherein the discharge lamp is configured such that light may be generated by a high-current discharge process of the gas discharge medium.

Abstract: A short arc type discharge lamp includes a cathode and an anode arranged inside an arc tube to face each other. The cathode comprises a main body portion made of tungsten and an emitter portion made of thoriated tungsten that is joined at the tip of the main body portion, where a metal oxide other than thorium (Th) is contained in the main body portion of the cathode, and a tungsten carbide layer is formed on the metal oxide.

Abstract: A fluorescent light temperature sensor for producing a temperature signal from a fluorescent light of an optically stimulated fluorescent material is provided with: an LED for projecting light onto the fluorescent material; a driving circuit for driving the light projecting element; a photo diode for receiving the fluorescent light that is emitted from the fluorescent material; a signal processing circuit for producing the temperature signal from the output signal from the photo diode; and an APC circuit for controlling the driving of the driving circuit so as to maintain a uniform light projecting intensity from the LED based on the output signal of the photo diode.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to ceramic metal halide lamps. More particularly, the invention relates to low wattage ceramic metal halide lamps having enhanced color control. In one embodiment according to the invention, such lamps may be characterized by a shank length (SL) to shank diameter (SD) ratio of between 5.1 and 15.5. Further, the lamp exhibits a sigma CCT of less than about 100° K.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp includes at least two lighting elements, which emit lights with different color temperatures. In addition, the lighting illuminations of the lighting elements can be controlled by independent driving devices. Thus, the user can adjust the color temperature of the light emitted from the fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: A new Rhenium alloy usable for improving the performance of emission filaments used in mass spectrometers or other similar scientific instruments, which is made by adding low level concentrations of Yttrium Oxide to Rhenium of less than 10%. This new alloy has demonstrated superior performance characteristics compared to pure Rhenium for this purpose. Filaments made from the Yttria/Rhenium alloy exhibit the same voltage, current and emission properties as Rhenium but have the added advantage of greatly decreasing warping during use. The Rhenium alloy filaments are usable with various shapes and configurations including straight filaments, multiple coiled filaments and pin shaped filaments. Electron microscopy and microscopy studies verify that the Yttria/Rhenium material of the new alloy has a smaller grain size and increased strength when compared to pure Rhenium, which accounts for the enhanced structural strength.

Abstract: Provided is a mercury-free vehicle discharge lamp that is stably lighted with a power of 18 to 30 W in a steady time. The lamp is defined in a light-emitting portion (11). A discharge medium including a metal halogen compound and a rare gas are sealed into the lamp. The lamp also has a discharge space in which electrodes (32) are disposed and satisfies the following equation. ?40?(a?35)×5.5+(x?13.5)×10+(1.85?t)×100+(2.

Abstract: A composite High Intensity Discharge (“HID”) arc tube includes a discharge tube and two outwardly extending tubes. The discharge tube is a composite two-layer shell with an outer of fused quartz glass or Vycor quartz glass, and a layer of translucent polycrystalline alumina (“PCA”). The outwardly extending tubes are made of fused quartz glass or Vycor quartz glass, and a layer of polycrystalline alumina is applied at ends of the outwardly extending tubes close to an arc chamber. After the arc tube is sintered at a high temperature, the electrode is sealed by being separated into two segments. The first segment of the outward extending tube applied with PCA is sealed by glass solders, and the second segment of quartz glass is sealed by a molybdenum foil under pressure.

Abstract: A short arc type discharge lamp wherein a cathode and an anode are arranged opposite to each other in an interior of a light emitting tube and said cathode comprises a main part made from tungsten and an emitter part made from thoriated tungsten, and said emitter part having been diffusion bonded to the main part via a joint face, wherein gaps are formed locally at said joint face of said main part and the emitter part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the thermal treatment of tungsten electrodes having a fibrous mocrostructure and being free from thorium oxide for high-pressure discharge lamps, to such a tungsten electrode free from thorium oxide, to a method of manufacturing a high-pressure gas discharge lamp with at least one such tungsten electrode free from thorium oxide, to a high-pressure gas discharge lamp with at least one such tungsten electrode free from thorium oxide, and to a lighting unit with at least one such high-pressure gas discharge lamp.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a corona-producing emitter electrode by depositing substantially pure silicon carbide by CVD and forming a corona-producing emitter electrode with the deposited silicon carbide. In addition, a method of forming a corona-producing gas ionizer is provided by providing a corona electrode formed from CVD silicon carbide, electrically coupling the corona electrode to a high voltage power supply, and providing an AC or DC voltage from the high voltage power supply to the corona electrode. Furthermore, a method of ionizing gas in an environment is provided by providing a corona-producing ionizer emitter electrode formed substantially of CVD silicon carbide, electrically coupling the electrode to a high voltage power supply, and providing an AC or DC voltage from the high voltage power supply to the electrode.

Abstract: A vehicular discharge lamp that emits light by a DC lighting system, the vehicular discharge lamp includes: an outer tube; a light emitting tube disposed in the outer tube and including a light emitting portion and fine tube portions connected to the light emitting portion; cathode-side and anode-side electrodes disposed in the light emitting tube; two lead wires connected to the electrodes; and a metal film or a metal oxide applied on an outer peripheral surface of the fine tube portion on an anode side of the light emitting tube, or the metal wire being wound on the outer peripheral surface. Inert gas having negative pressure is filled in a space outside the light emitting tube in the outer tube, and a negative high-voltage pulse is applied to the anode-side electrode at a time of start-up.

Abstract: An illumination lamp is provided. The illumination lamp includes a hollow pillar tube being light-transmissive, at least one inner light tube accommodated in the hollow pillar tube, and an electrode set disposed at one distal end of the hollow pillar tube and electrically connected to the inner light tube in the hollow pillar tube.

Abstract: A short arc type high voltage electrical discharge electrode includes an electrode center spindle made from a refractory metal and having a tip; and an electrode main body made from a refractory metal and disposed at the tip of the electrode center spindle. The electrode center spindle is subjected to final sintering, the electrode main body is subjected to temporary sintering, and the final-sintered electrode center spindle is inserted into a center hole of the temporary-sintered electrode main body so as to form combination which is sintered together.

Abstract: High-pressure discharge lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel, in which two electrodes and a light-emitting filling are contained, wherein capillaries are positioned at the ends of the discharge vessel, in which capillaries leadthroughs are sealed off, which leadthroughs are each connected to an electrode (15) consisting of tungsten. The electrode (15) is in the form of a pin and integrally comprises two parts (25, 26) having different diameters, wherein the first part (25) having a given diameter D1 forms the electrode tip, the second part (26) having a diameter D2 is positioned in the capillary, and the diameter D2 of the second part makes up at least 108% of the diameter D1 of the first part.

Abstract: An extra-high pressure discharge lamp, comprises an optical transparent light emitting section, sealing sections connected to the light emitting section, a pair of electrodes which face each other in the light emitting section, wherein one of the electrodes having a thick portion, a thin portion and an intermediate portion which is formed between the thick portion and the thin portion, wherein 0.15 mg/mm3 of mercury is enclosed in the light emitting portion, and wherein the number of crystal grains which exist on a cross section perpendicular to an axis of the one of the electrodes is three.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp with a more stable lamp voltage, comprising a ceramic discharge vessel which encloses a discharge space, in which a first and a second electrode are arranged, which discharge vessel has a central zone extending between the electrodes and being closed at either side by a first and a second end zone, respectively, in which the first end zone surrounds, with little clearance, a current supply conductor connected to the first electrode and extending to the exterior through a seal to the wall of the first end zone, which current supply conductor has a halide-resistant section facing the discharge space and a section remote from the discharge space, wherein the halide-resistant section of the first current supply conductor comprises a wire made of tungsten or of tungsten alloyed with molybdenum.

Abstract: The invention relates to a barrier layer provided on the electrode assembly of a discharge lamp comprising at least a layer of nanoclusters of a non-oxidizing material. Further, the invention relates to an electrode assembly for a discharge lamp comprising an electrode having a foil attached thereto to create an electrode assembly, the assembly being coated with a multi-layer coating comprising at least a layer of non-oxidizing material in the form of nanoclusters, and at least another layer of non-oxidizing material, such that the total coating thickness is up to 1500 nm.

Abstract: A gas discharge lamp (1) equipped with a gas discharge vessel (2) enclosing a gas filling, said gas filling comprising a chalcogen selected from the group of sulfur, selenium or tellurium or a compound thereof, and with means for igniting and maintaining a gas discharge, comprising an electrode assembly (6-9) disposed in the discharge vessel, the electron-emissive material (9) of the electrode assembly comprising iridium or an alloy of iridium, providing a long-lived, efficient, compact, and high intensity white light source for applications such as general and professional illumination.

Abstract: Described is an electrode paste for plasma display panel, which has a black pigment, a glass frit, an organic binder and a solvent, wherein the black pigment contains cobalt oxide (CO3O4) and copper-chromium-cobalt composite oxide (Cr—Cu—Co—O).

Abstract: An electrode includes thorium as a minor component for a high-pressure discharge lamp, where the electrode rod is free of thorium/thorium oxide, or comprises thorium/thorium oxide, as a minor constituent. A covering member made of refractory metal, free of thorium/thorium oxide, is circumference coated on the electrode rod in the vicinity of the discharge side tip. The entire surface of the electrode rod is completely coated over the range where the covering member extends. The electrode rod tip of the electrode rod is not, or at least partly, coated with the covering member. The part of the electrode tip, which is not coated by the covering member, is free of thorium/thorium oxide.