Abstract: An excimer lamp includes a discharge tube, a band-shaped foil electrode provided in the discharge tube, and a dielectric configured to cover the foil electrode and maintain close contact with the foil electrode. The foil electrode extends along the axis of said discharge tube. The opposite sides of the foil electrode are flattened along the width direction of the foil electrode. Both edge portions of the foil electrode are pointed.

Abstract: A cyber-life electronic commerce and system control device is disclosed having a three dimensional or other image of an area stored on a server. An operating exchange interfaces with the image to enable an individual to manipulate virtual control elements within the operating exchange. A visible light embedded communication system is used as the backbone to communicate commands from the operating exchange to a building operating system control item in order to alter the setting or status of a building operating system. The operating exchange may also be used by a consumer to virtually explore a cyber-retail location and to engage in commercial activities.

Abstract: The present application discloses an ultraviolet lamp tube and a novel gas discharge UV lamp, which, through unique coating methods, can ensure monochromaticity of light output of the light source, while increasing the luminous angle of the ultraviolet lamp tube, thus effectively improving the light efficiency, simplifying structure, and greatly reducing production costs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of lamp technologies, and in particular to an LED lamp with improved lamp holder structure. The LED lamp includes an LED lamp holder, a stem assembly connected to the LED lamp holder and an outer bulb shell. The LED lamp holder is connected to a rubber base. A ring-shaped connecting part A is set on the rubber base. A ring-shaped connecting part B is set on the outer bulb shell. The ring-shaped connecting part A is fixedly connected to the ring-shaped connecting part B. The LED lamp features the following advantages: 1, an improved lamp holder structure adopts a small lamp holder to connect a large bulb shell, so that manufacturing cost of products is effectively reduced; 2, the rubber base is set on the lamp holder and can be directly connected to the outer bulb shell, so that production efficiency is improved.

Abstract: An excimer lamp is such that that an interior of a discharge vessel is filled with a first gas including krypton (Kr) or xenon (Xe); a second gas including chlorine (Cl) or bromine (Br); and a third gas which is at least one species selected from among the group consisting of argon (Ar), neon (Ne), and helium (He), and which exhibits a partial pressure Pb that is not less than a partial pressure Plg of the first gas.

Abstract: An electrodeless discharge lamp suitable for the use in solar simulators, with an emission spectrum following, as much as possible, the AM1.5G standard. According to a preferred embodiment the lamp has a quartz bulb is filled with a composition comprising an inert gas, for example N2, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe or a mixture thereof, and a first and a second active components, the first active component being an antimony or bismuth halide or a mixture of antimony halides; while the second component is SnI2 a mixture of halides of: In, Sn, Ag, Bi, Cu. Preferably, the halides are bromides or iodides or chlorides due to their favorable volatilities.

Abstract: A pulse-excited mercury-free lamp system, and method of sustaining the emission of light emission from such a lamp, is provided. The system includes a light-transmissive envelope having an inner surface and a phosphor layer coated thereon. A discharge-sustaining gaseous mixture of a noble gas, at a low pressure, and a metal halide, is retained inside the light-transmissive envelope. An electrical system provides a plurality of pulses to the discharge-sustaining gaseous mixture, resulting in a discharge, which causes the lamp system to emit light. The emission of light is maintained by turning the discharge on during a pulse width of each pulse in the plurality of pulses and by turning the discharge off during a remainder of each period in the plurality of pulses. Particularly in systems where the metal halide is indium-based, this maintains an efficient emission of light without the use of mercury.

Abstract: A light bulb includes an Edison style base, light emitting diode circuitry coupled to the base, a bulb sealed about the base and extending above the base, an elongated filament substrate supported by the base and extending into the bulb above the base, a light emitting diode channel supported by the filament substrate, coupled to the light emitting diode circuitry, and extending into the bulb above the base, and an inert gas disposed within the bulb.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a novel ultraviolet irradiation metal halide lamp which can produce more intense light of ultraviolet region with a wavelength near 365 [nm]. This lamp is a metal halide lamp to produce mainly light of ultraviolet region. In order to produce light with a high spectrum in ultraviolet region, particularly, light of a wavelength of 350 to 380 [nm], at least mercury (Hg) and an iron are sealed into this lamp together with a rare gas. The sealed iron into the lamp is supplied by iron iodide (FeI2) and iron bromide (FeBr2) as iron halide (FeX2) and metal iron (Fe). When a quantity of materials sealed into the lamp is expressed such that A represents a quantity of metal iron sealed into the lamp, B represents a quantity of iron iodide sealed into the lamp and C represents a quantity of iron bromide sealed into the lamp, respectively, the quantity A of the metal iron falls within the range of 0.5(B+C)?A?10.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp having a luminous tube formed of translucent alumina as translucent ceramic in which additives of halides are sealingly included to emit at least red, blue and green light components, wherein an energy rate of a red light component is set to 55% to 75% and an energy ratio of a blue light component is set to 15% to 25%.

Abstract: An electrodeless discharge lamp suitable for the use in solar simulators, with an emission spectrum following, as much as possible, the AM1.5G standard. According to a preferred embodiment the lamp has a quartz bulb is filled with a composition comprising an inert gas, for example N2, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe or a mixture thereof, and a first and a second active components, the first active component being an antimony or bismuth halide or a mixture of antimony halides; while the second component is SnI2 a mixture of halides of: In, Sn, Ag, Bi, Cu. Preferably, the halides are bromides or iodides or chlorides due to their favourable volatilities.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes metal halide lamps having a discharge vessel, a discharge space, and at least one electrode extending into the discharge vessel in a sealed fashion so as to be in contact with the discharge space. A fill gas, at least one fill material, and optionally at least one volatile material are present in the discharge space. In some cases, the lamps can exhibit at least one of reduced run-up time, increased initial light output, and long life, while remaining useful for general lighting applications. Also described are methods for operating such metal halide lamps.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp may include a bulb, which surrounds a discharge volume, wherein a fill which contains mercury and a noble gas from the group consisting of neon, argon, krypton, xenon on its own or in a mixture is accommodated in the discharge volume, wherein the fill contains Gd in halide form in order to produce a color temperature of at least 7500 K.

Abstract: A light source device repeatedly implements a first state and a second state in alternate shifts. The energy of a standing wave generated in a cavity resonator is absorbed by a rare gas or the like existing in a hollow member. This implements the first state in which plasma is generated and the electron temperature thereof is increased, and then the extreme ultraviolet light emitted from the plasma is emitted out of the cavity resonator through a window. The supply of the electromagnetic wave to the cavity resonator is interrupted. This implements the second state in which the plasma is extinguished.

Abstract: Disclosed is a phosphor having a formula of M(M?1-y-zEuyMnz)(M?1-xPrx)(PO4)2. M is a monovalent metal element selected from Li, Na, K, or combinations thereof. M?, Eu, and Mn are divalent metal elements, and M? is selected from Ca, Sr, Ba, Mg, Zn, or combinations thereof. M? and Pr are trivalent metal elements, and M? is selected from Sc, Y, La, Lu, Al, Ga, In, or combinations thereof. 0?x?0.2, 0?y?0.1, 0?z?0.2, and x+y+z?0.

Abstract: The invention provides a metal halide lamp 1 wherein the concentration of the filling components fulfill a condition according to claim 1. Such a lamp is found to be a good alternative to existing high-pressure discharge lamps (Ceramic Discharge Metal halide lamps) based on rare earth fillings or other metal halide fillings. In addition, such a lamp can be dimmed without a substantial shift of the color point. Such a lamp can also have photometric properties that are substantially independent of the arrangement of the lamp and/or the external temperature.

Abstract: A lamp includes a discharge vessel; electrodes spaced apart in the discharge vessel comprising tungsten or tungsten alloy; and a fill sealed within the vessel having a pressure between 50-200 mbar. The fill includes: a starting gas which comprises: xenon, krypton, argon or combinations thereof with the exception of pure argon; optionally radioactive Kr85 with a maximum activity level of 0.124 MBq/l as part of the starting gas; and a metal halide component. The lamp includes an active tungsten regeneration cycle wherein the fill comprises a species of the tungsten or tungsten alloy of material of the electrodes during lamp operation, wherein the solubility of tungsten or components of tungsten alloy in the tungsten or tungsten alloy species is lower in a gas phase adjacent to the electrodes than at close proximity of the wall of the discharge vessel.

Abstract: A high-pressure gas discharge lamp has a sealed discharge vessel with an inner discharge space. Two electrodes project into the discharge space. The filling in the discharge space includes metal halides and a rare gas. The filling is free of Hg and Th and includes halides in an amount of 7.1-11.4 ?g/mm3 of the volume of the discharge space. The halides includes at least NaI and ScI3, provided in such amounts that a ratio of the masses of NaI to ScI3 is 1.2-1.6.

Abstract: An energy saving gas discharge lamp, and method of making same, is provided. The gas discharge lamp includes a light-transmissive envelope, and an electrode within the light-transmissive envelope to provide a discharge. A light scattering reflective layer is disposed on an inner surface of the light-transmissive envelope. A phosphor layer is coated on the light scattering reflective layer. A discharge-sustaining gaseous mixture is retained inside the light-transmissive envelope. The discharge-sustaining gaseous mixture includes more than 80% xenon, by volume, at a low pressure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to a fluorescent flat panel lamp. In one aspect, a flat panel lamp is provided. The flat panel lamp includes a substantially flat glass plate. The flat panel lamp further includes a formed plate attached to the substantially flat glass plate. The glass plates are hermetically sealed and define a channel. The channel is configured to hold gas and mercury. The flat panel lamp further includes an electrode at each end of the channel, wherein a ratio of the active area of the channel to a surface area of the electrode is less than 10.

Abstract: In a fluorescent lamp, an initial chromaticity change can be suppressed. An atmosphere in contact with a blue light-emission phosphor forming a phosphor particle layer 3 that contains argon (Ar) and neon (Ne) shown by the following equation A/(A+N)?0.04, wherein A represents a mole fraction of argon and N represents a mole fraction of neon.

Abstract: A low-pressure discharge lamp includes a discharge vessel, a gas discharge medium including nitrogen contained in the discharge vessel at low pressure, wherein the discharge lamp is configured such that light may be generated by a high-current discharge process of the gas discharge medium.

Abstract: A plasma lamp apparatus. The apparatus has an arc tube structure having an inner region and an outer region in one or more embodiments. The arc tube structure has a first end comprising an associated first end diameter and a second end comprising a second end diameter according to a specific embodiment. The apparatus also has a center region provided between the first end and the second end in one or more embodiments. The center region has a center diameter, which is less than a first end diameter and/or a second end diameter.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp is comprised of an airtight tube having a discharge section in which a discharge space is formed; a discharge medium which is enclosed in the discharge space, contains metal halide exhibiting a molar ratio of sodium halide to scandium halide of 1.5 or below and 8 atm or higher of xenon but does not substantially contain mercury; and a pair of electrodes with their tip ends arranged to oppose to each other in the discharge space, wherein halogen atoms bonded to metal in the metal halide mostly consist of iodine and bromine atoms, and a ratio of the bromine atoms is in a range of 10 to 50% and the total amount of the metal halide enclosed is 0.02 mg/?l or less.

Abstract: Metal halide lamp suitable as projection lamp, for instance as a vehicle headlamp comprising a discharge vessel surrounded by an outer envelope with clearance and having a ceramic wall which encloses a discharge space filled with a filling comprising an inert gas, such as xenon (Xe), and an ionizable salt, wherein in said discharge space two electrodes are arranged whose tips have a mutual interspacing so as to define a discharge path between them, with the special feature that said ionizable salt comprises NaI, TlI, CaI2 and XI3 wherein X is selected from the group comprising rare earth metals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen automotive lamp for pulse width operation, a lighting assembly including a halogen lamp and to a method of operating a halogen lamp. The lamp comprises a transparent lamp vessel with a gas filling comprising a rare gas component and a halogen component. A filament is arranged within the vessel. In conventional halogen lamps operation with pulsed electrical power, such as e.g. PWM operation of automotive halogen lamps for cornering and bending light lead to shortened lifetimes. In order to propose a lamp with increased lifetime under pulse operation, the gas filling comprises nitrogen in an amount of 0.1-5 mol-%. It has surprisingly been found that filament deformation may be counteracted by the corresponding small amount of nitrogen.

Abstract: A noble gas short-arc discharge lamp (1) comprising a discharge vessel and electrodes (2, 3) arranged therein is disclosed. The discharge vessel, for the purpose of thermal insulation, has at least in sections a coating (8) serving for reflecting infrared radiation.

Abstract: With regard to a metal vapor discharge lamp with a triple tube structure including a discharge tube, an inner tube, and an outer tube, misalignment of axes of the inner tube and the outer tube is prevented. The metal vapor discharge lamp (14) is composed of a discharge tube (30) having a pair of electrodes therein, an inner tube (32) having a pinch-sealed part (86) at an end thereof and hermitically housing the discharge tube therein, and an outer tube (34) housing the inner tube therein, and a base (36). In a clearance between the inner tube and the outer tube, there disposed a restrain member (37) for restraining movement of the inner tube relative to the outer tube in a direction orthogonal to an axis of the metal vapor discharge lamp.

Abstract: A high-intensity discharge lamp includes a discharge vessel made of an insulator, and a cathode and anode. A V-shaped gap is provided between the anode and a first region of the vessel directly adjacent to where the anode separates from an interior surface of the vessel. A secondary cathode is provided on an exterior surface of the vessel at the first region, where the secondary cathode is positioned so that the V-shaped gap and the first region are between the secondary cathode and the anode. An electric field at the first region produces a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) which generates ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet VUV photons that impinge on the cathode and initiate a breakdown between the cathode and anode.

Abstract: A lamp includes a discharge vessel and electrodes extending into the discharge vessel. The lamp further includes an ionizable fill sealed within the vessel. The fill includes an inert gas and a halide component. The halide component includes a sodium halide, a thallium halide, at least one of a calcium halide and a strontium halide, and at least one of a rare earth halide. The rare earth (RE) halide is selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, samarium and neodymium, and combinations thereof. The fill establishes a Na/RE ratio of 8?Na/RE?48.

Abstract: A T8 fluorescent lamp can comprise a light-transmissive glass envelope, means for providing an electrical discharge to the glass envelope, a phosphor layer within the glass envelope and a discharge-sustaining fill gas inside the glass envelope. The phosphor layer can comprise phosphors of a type for producing a daylight lighting spectrum or of a type for producing a tungsten/halogen lighting spectrum. The fill gas can comprise a mixture of argon and neon. In a particular mode of operation, the T8 lamp can operate at a power of at least 45 watts. In another mode of operation, the T8 fluorescent lamp can operate at a power of approximately 70 watts. A lighting fixture can comprise an array of such T8 fluorescent lamps arranged substantially side-to-side on longitudinal centerlines that are less than one and one-half inches apart. In a particular instance, the fixture can have been retrofitted from having been outfitted to accommodate T12 lamps.

Abstract: The invention relates to an incandescent halogen lamp, comprising at least one tungsten incandescent filament (3) in a transparent light bulb (1) and a filling in the light bulb (1), which has a halogen component for a halogen recycling process and a noble gas component containing krypton or xenon, whereby the noble gas component comprises at least one further noble gas, the atoms of which have a smaller atomic radius than krypton atoms and the cold filling pressure within the light bulb (1) is greater than or equal to 0.7 Megapascal. Said incandescent halogen lamp is suitable as light source in a curved lamp or as combined day running or position light in a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A high-pressure gas discharge lamp 10 is described with a sealed discharge vessel 20 with an inner discharge space 22. Two electrodes 24 project into the discharge space 22. The filling in the discharge space 22 comprises metal halides and a rare gas. In order to provide a lamp with good environmental properties suited for automotive use, in particular with good lumen maintenance, the filling is free of Hg and Th and comprises halides in an amount of 7.1-11.4 ?g/mm3 of the volume of the discharge space 22. The halides comprise at least NaI and ScI3, provided in such amounts that a ratio of the masses of NaI to ScI3 is 1.2-1.6.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp may include a discharge vessel, which contains: electrodes, at least one noble gas as a start gas, at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, In, Mg, Tl, Hg, and Zn for arc transfer and discharge vessel wall heating, and at least one rare earth halide for the generation of radiation, which is configured such that the generated light is dominated by molecular radiation, wherein at least one member of a first group of rare earth halides is used together with at least one member of a second group of rare earth halides, the first group having the property that the color distance decreases with a power increase when the power of the lamp is increased in a predetermined power interval, and the second group having the property that the color distance increases with a power increase when the power of the lamp is increased in this predetermined power interval.

Abstract: A mercury-free gas discharge lamp suitable in particular for motor vehicles has an enhanced discharge arc diffuseness. The lamp according includes an inner vessel and/or outer bulb with a structured arrangement or pattern such that the discharge arc diffuseness of the lamp is increased, such as by 0.01 mm to 1.5 mm.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrodeless bulb (10), and an electrodeless lighting system having the same. The electrodeless bulb (10) includes; a light emitting unit (11, 13) having an airtight inside space (116, 13a); a main discharge material filled in the inside space (11a, 13a) of the light emitting unit (11, 13) and discharged by microwave, for emitting light; a discharge assistant material filled in the light emitting unit (11, 13), for forming plasma in the inside space (11a, 13a) before the main discharge material generates plasma; and a discharge catalyst material filled in the light emitting unit (11, 13), for inducing initial discharge of the main discharge material and the discharge assistant material. The lighting system improves lighting efficiency of the main discharge material filled in the light emitting unit (11, 13), and has an eco-friendly characteristic by excluding an environmental contaminant such as mercury.

Abstract: A low-pressure discharge lamp (1) is provided that includes a glass tube (2) having an inner diameter in a range of 1 to 5 mm and a pair of electrodes (3) disposed at end portions in the glass tube (2). The pair of electrodes (3) contain at least one transition metal selected from transition metals of Groups IV to VI. Mercury and a rare gas containing argon and neon are sealed in an inner portion of the glass tube (2). A relationship between a cathode glow discharge density J and a composition index ? of the sealed rare gas of the low-pressure discharge lamp (1) satisfies the following expression ??J=I/(S·P2)?1.5? (where S represents an effective discharge surface area (mm2) of an electrode, I represents a RMS lamp current (mA), P represents a pressure (kPa) of a sealed rare gas, and ? represents a composition index of a sealed rare gas that is a constant expressed by ?=(90.5A+3.4N)×10?3 when a total of a composition ratio A of argon and a composition ratio N of neon is expressed by A+N=1).

Abstract: A metal halide fill for forming an ionizable fill comprises at least one inert gas, mercury and metal halides, comprising the constituents Na halide, Tl halide, Ca halide and halides of the rare earths. It also comprises Pb halide. This fill may be present in particular in the discharge vessel of a metal halide lamp which has an outer bulb.

Abstract: In a low-pressure gas discharge lamp provided with a gas discharge vessel comprising a gas filling with a discharge-maintaining composition comprising a) a molecular radiator compound, b) hydrogen as an additive and c) a buffer gas, which low-pressure gas discharge lamp is further provided with means for generating and maintaining a low-pressure gas discharge, the addition of hydrogen comes up with the following advantages: an increase of plasma efficiency and a decrease of the cold spot temperature at which optimum efficiency is achieved.

Abstract: In an electrodeless discharge lamp (1) which is lit with PWM light control, a discharge gas including krypton is filled in a bulb (10), so that restriking voltage can be decreased and thus, and oscillation of the ferrite core (22) which is inserted inside of a cavity (5) of the bulb (10) can be decreased, and thus, occurrence of undesired sound can be restrained.

Abstract: A high-intensity discharge lamp includes a discharge vessel made of an insulator, and a cathode and anode. A V-shaped gap is provided between the anode and a first region of the vessel directly adjacent to where the anode separates from an interior surface of the vessel. A secondary cathode is provided on an exterior surface of the vessel at the first region, where the secondary cathode is positioned so that the V-shaped gap and the first region are between the secondary cathode and the anode. An electric field at the first region produces a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) which generates ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet VUV photons that impinge on the cathode and initiate a breakdown between the cathode and anode.

Abstract: A xenon lamp having a lamp tube made of silica glass containing titanium oxide and having a discharge chamber with a light emitting part containing xenon and in which a cathode and an anode are arranged in opposition to each other, the cathode and anode being mounted on an end of a respective lead rod, the lamp tube also having side tube parts extending from each of opposite sides of the light emitting part, each lead rod being sealed by a gradient binding part which is arranged in a respective side tube part, and the side tube parts having a narrowed shrink part in a region facing the light emitting part, wherein a conductive film is provided on an outer surface area of the shrink part and an adjoining area of an outer surface of the light emitting part at the cathode side of the lamp tube; and wherein the conductive film is electrically connected to the cathode.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel gas fillings of low-pressure gas discharge lamps for reducing the starting and arc drop voltages at low Hg vapor pressures. In favor of a mixture consisting of Ne and Kr, the Ar portion of the gas filling is considerably reduced.

Abstract: A lamp and method for the reduction of gas loss in a high temperature lamp includes providing a light source and a surrounding shroud, using a fill gas outside of the light source and inside the shroud having a thermal conductance greater than nitrogen, and modifying the shroud so that it contains at least 20% of the initial fill gas for at least the rated life of lamp operation. The shroud is preferably modified by one or more of selecting the shroud material, controlling the thickness of the shroud, providing a coating on the shroud, and the selection of the fill gas.

Abstract: A mercury free arc tube for a discharge lamp has a closed chamber filled with rare gas and a metal halide containing at least Na halide, Sc halide and In halide, and electrodes. A ratio of a filled amount of the In halide to a total filled amount of metal halide is ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 wt %. When the ratio of the charging amount of InI is 0.1 wt % or more, the chromaticity x, y of a luminescent color during a stable discharge falls within a chromaticity standard range A of white light source. When the ratio of charging amount of InI is 2.0 wt % or less, a chromaticity y minimal value of luminescence of the arc tube at the transient time is 0.29 or more, whereby purplish red color is less conspicuous and there is no fear that an emission of the arc tube is misidentified a red marker lamp.

Abstract: A high brightness excimer light source has an elongated tube containing an excimer-forming gas and electrodes for exciting the gas to form a plasma, and thus create excimers such as a rare gas halogen excimer or a rare gas excimer. Light emitted from the excimer propagating axially along the tube passes out of the tube through an exit device such as a lens or optical fiber at one or both ends of the tube.

Abstract: A high-pressure discharge lamp is characterized by including a translucent airtight container having a discharging space in an internal portion, electrodes for causing discharge in the discharging space of the translucent airtight container, and an ionization medium sealed in the translucent airtight container and containing a metal halide and rare gas, the metal halide including at least one type of halides of thulium and holmium whose sealing ratio with respect to the total amount of sealed metal halides is not lower than 30 mass % and the rare gas is xenon at not lower than 3 atm at 25° C., and the high-pressure discharge lamp is characterized in that mercury and a metal halide for formation of lamp voltage are not substantially contained in the translucent airtight container.

Abstract: The present invention provides a phosphor having high luminance, a property of low luminance degradation during driving of a light-emitting device, and chromaticity y comparable to that of BAM:Eu. The present invention is a phosphor represented by the general formula aAO.bEuO.DO.cSiO2, where A is at least one selected from Ca, Sr and Ba, D is at least one selected from Mg and Zn, and 2.970?a?3.500, 0.001?b?0.030, and 1.900?c?2.100 are satisfied. In this phosphor, a peak intensity at 1490 cm?1 is 0.02 to 0.8 when a peak intensity at 565 cm?1 is set to 1 in a spectrum obtained by measurement using photoacoustic spectroscopy.

Abstract: A mercury-free high-pressure discharge lamp includes a light-transmissive airtight envelope enclosing therein a discharge space, and a pair of electrodes sealed inside the light-transmissive airtight envelope and facing the discharge space, and the primary halide includes at least thulium bromide having an innumerable emission spectrum primarily around the peak of a luminosity curve and alkali metal halide, and the accessory halide contains one or more metal halides mostly selected from a group of Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn), Nickel (Ni), Manganese (Mn), Aluminum (Al), Antimony (Sb), Bismuth (Bi), Beryllium (Be), Rhenium (Re), Gallium (Ga), Titanium (Ti), Zirconium (Zr), and Hafnium (Hf) which primarily contribute to fix lamp voltage.

Abstract: The hot re-strike time of a high wattage (150 W or greater) ceramic discharge metal halide (CDM) lamp is reduced by: (a) increasing the ratio A of the diameter (D2) of the outer bulb (1) to the inner diameter (ID) of the discharge vessel (3); or (b) filling the outer bulb with an inactive gas such as nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton or xenon; or by implementing both (a) and (b). The hot re-strike time can be further reduced by combining (a) and/or (b) with (c), the addition of a getter metal for iodine, such as Sc, Ce or Na, to the discharge vessel (3).