Abstract: A plasma generating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a pair of electrodes arranged in a dielectric discharge tube; an initial discharge induction coil module; and a main discharge induction coil module. The initial discharge induction coil module and the main discharge induction coil module are connected to an RF power source, and the RF power source provides RF power having different resonance frequencies to the initial discharge induction coil module and the main discharge induction coil module, respectively.

Abstract: Disclosed example welding or cutting circuits include: an input leg including a capacitor coupled between a high bus and a low bus; a buck converter coupled in parallel with the input leg, the buck converter having a first transistor, a second transistor, and an output electrically coupled to a node between the first transistor and the second transistor, and wherein the buck converter is configured to convert input voltage to current in an inductor coupled to the output of the buck converter; and a steering leg coupled in parallel with the input leg, wherein the steering leg is configured to control a rate at which the current in the inductor decreases, and wherein a current detector provides current level indications to a hysteretic controller, the hysteretic controller providing signals to the first and second transistors that control the first and second transistors to control the voltage applied to the inductor.

Abstract: An ignition device for an internal combustion engine that uses fuels including hydrogen. The ignition device includes an ignition coil including a primary coil and a secondary coil, a power supply device, a switching element, a spark plug, and a limiting diode. The switching element performs switching between passage and interruption of a primary current. The spark plug causes discharge at a gap, based on a high voltage induced at the secondary coil. The limiting diode includes a Zener diode that is forward-biased when oriented in a direction from the one end to the other end of the secondary coil. A breakdown voltage of the limiting diode is higher than the maximum value of an ON-state voltage obtained by multiplication of a value of a direct-current voltage applied to the primary coil by a ratio of the number of turns of the secondary coil to that of the primary coil.

Abstract: A heater controller controls power supplied to a heater capable of adjusting the temperature of a placement surface such that the heater reaches a set temperature. A temperature monitor measures the power supplied in the non-ignited state where the plasma is not ignited and in the transient state where the power supplied to the heater decreases after the plasma is ignited, while the power is controlled such that the temperature of the heater becomes constant. A parameter calculator calculates a heat input amount and the thermal resistance by using the power supplied in the non-ignited state and in the transient state to perform a fitting on a calculation model for calculating the power supplied in the transient state. A set temperature calculator calculates the set temperature of the heater at which the wafer reaches the target temperature, using the heat input amount and thermal resistance.

Abstract: An LED tube lamp comprises a glass lamp tube having a main body, two end caps coupled to a respective end of the tube, an LED light strip adhered to inner circumferential surface of the tube by first adhesive, a plurality of LED light sources mounted on a mounting region, a power supply module having a circuit board and a plurality of electronic components mounted on the circuit board, a diffusion layer covering on outer surface or inner surface of the tube, and a protective layer being disposed on surface of the strip and having a plurality of first openings for disposing the plurality of LED light sources. The strip comprises the mounting region and connecting region at an end of the strip. The circuit board is substantially parallel with axial direction of the tube, electrically connects to the connecting region, and stacks with a portion of the connecting region.

Abstract: An charged particle beam apparatus includes: a gas introduction chamber to which raw gas is introduced; a plasma generation chamber connected to the gas introduction chamber; a coil wound around an outer circumference of the plasma generation chamber and receiving a high-frequency power; an extraction electrode applying an extraction voltage to plasma discharged from a plasma aperture at an outlet of the plasma generation chamber; an ampere meter measuring a magnitude of a plasma current caused by the plasma moved out of the plasma aperture; an extraction voltage calculator calculating, based on variation in the magnitude of the plasma current measured by the ampere meter with respect to variation in the extraction voltage, an extraction voltage set value; and a controller controlling the extraction voltage based on the extraction voltage set value calculated by the extraction voltage calculator.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display device. The display device according to an exemplary embodiment includes a display area comprising a plurality of pixels, a peripheral area that is disposed outside the display area, and a wiring portion in the peripheral area. The wiring portion includes a plurality of signal lines that are adjacent to each other and are arranged along a first direction and each extends in a second direction that is different from the first direction. The plurality of signal lines are arranged in an order of average voltages of signals respectively transmitted by the plurality of signal lines during one frame.

Abstract: A delay module is used with one or more lighting fixtures that receive an AC signal from an electrical circuit. The delay module includes an input node, which is coupled to the electrical circuit, and an output node, which is coupled to a driver module of one or more lighting fixtures. When an AC signal is initially presented to the electrical circuit, such as when a wall controller is switched to an on state, the delay module will provide, or maintain, an open circuit between the input node and the output node for a predetermined delay period. When the delay period expires, the delay module will provide a closed circuit between the input node and the output node, wherein the AC signal is passed from the electrical circuit to the driver module of the associated lighting fixture(s).

Abstract: A sensing device includes a sensing transmitting module and a sensing receiving module respectively mounted in a first housing and a second housing. And an output terminal of the sensing transmitting module and an input terminal of the sensing receiving module are provided with a sensing coil and an electromagnetic rod respectively, the first housing and the second housings are cooperated with each other, and the electromagnetic rod is inserted into the sensing coil, so that the sensing coil or the electromagnetic rod is placed in magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic rod or the sensing coil thereby generating sensing voltage. The sensing parts are formed of the sensing coil and the electromagnetic rod, which significantly reduces the amount of the copper wires in the sensing coil and the electromagnetic rod, therefore the sensing device has a smaller size, lighter weight and lower cost.

Abstract: A plasma generator has a first member 2 containing a dielectric material, and an electrode group composed of a plurality of electrodes and including a first assembly 6 partially including a plurality of electrodes and a second assembly 7 partially including a plurality of electrodes. In accordance with an AC voltage, the first assembly 6 generates a plasma in a first space 23 contacting the first member 2. In accordance with a DC voltage, the second assembly 7 generates an electric field in a second space 24 contacting the first member 2 and communicating with the first space 23. At least one or more electrodes of a portion of the first assembly 6 and at least one or more electrodes of a portion of the second assembly 7 are provided on the surface of or in the inside of the first member 2.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a light emitting device power supply circuit, a light emitting device driver circuit and a control method thereof. The light emitting device driver circuit is coupled to a tri-electrode AC switch (TRIAC) dimmer circuit, and it controls the brightness of a light emitting device circuit according a rectified dimming signal. The light emitting device driver circuit includes a power stage circuit and a light emitting device control circuit. The light emitting device control circuit generates a switch control signal. The power stage circuit operates at least one power switch thereof according to the switch control signal to generate a latching current for firing the TRIAC dimmer circuit, and the latching current is inputted to the light emitting device circuit.

Abstract: A method of arranging power-lines between a power supply circuit and a display panel in an organic light emitting display device, the method including: substantially symmetrically arranging first high power-lines between the power supply circuit and the display panel, the first high power-lines being configured to concurrently transmit a first high power voltage to first pixels; substantially symmetrically arranging second high power-lines outside of the first high power-lines between the power supply circuit and the display panel, the second high power-lines being configured to concurrently transmit a second high power voltage to second pixels; and substantially symmetrically arranging third high power-lines outside of the second high power-lines between the power supply circuit and the display panel, the third high power-lines being configured to concurrently transmit a third high power voltage to third pixels.

Abstract: An LED based light comprises at least one LED; and at least one thermoelectric generator having a first side and a second side, wherein the first side is thermally coupled to the at least one LED such that heat generated by the at least one LED is passively conducted to the at least one thermoelectric generator, producing a temperature differential between the first side and second side, wherein the at least one thermoelectric generator is configured to produce electrical energy from the temperature differential.

Abstract: A programmable LED constant current driver circuit for driving LEDs at constant current and dimming the LEDs using standard, off-the-shelf dimmers is provided. The current driver circuit of the present disclosure includes a temperature compensation feature which controls the on time for the LEDs based on a measured temperature of the current driver and associated circuits. In another embodiment, the current driver circuit is designed to receive a 24 VAC input and drive one or more LEDs in a transformer-based system dimming system.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence display device is disclosed. The display comprises pixels which emit light according to data signals by controlling current from a pixel power supply through an organic light emitting diode, and to a ground power supply. In order to eliminate an initial glare, the pixel power supply is gradually provided to the pixels, and after a delay, the ground power supply is then gradually provided to the pixels.

Abstract: A focused ion beam (FIB) system is disclosed, comprising an inductively coupled plasma ion source, an insulating plasma chamber containing the plasma, a conducting source biasing electrode in contact with the plasma and biased to a high voltage to control the ion beam energy at a sample, and a plurality of apertures. The plasma within the plasma chamber serves as a virtual source for an ion column comprising one or more lenses which form a focused ion beam on the surface of a sample to be imaged and/or FIB-processed. The plasma is initiated by a plasma igniter mounted near or at the column which induces a high voltage oscillatory pulse on the source biasing electrode. By mounting the plasma igniter near the column, capacitive effects of the cable connecting the source biasing electrode to the biasing power supply are minimized. Ion beam sputtering of the apertures is minimized by proper aperture materials selection.

Abstract: A drive circuit for a fluorescent display that can prevent generation of reactive power in a Zener diode used to generate a cutoff bias voltage. In one embodiment, the drive circuit operates as a single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) circuit and includes an input side closed circuit, an output side closed circuit, and a coupling capacitor connecting the two closed circuits. The input side closed circuit includes an input power source, a first inductor and a switching element. The output side closed circuit includes a second inductor, a diode and a second capacitor. A filament of the fluorescent display is connected to the second capacitor. One end of a Zener diode is connected to a negative potential side of the filament and the other end of the Zener diode is connected to an input power source.

Abstract: An LED based light and a method of providing power to the LED are disclosed. The LED based light includes at least one LED and at least one thermoelectric generator having a first side and a second side. The first side is thermally coupled to the at least one LED such that heat generated by the at least one LED is conducted to the at least one thermoelectric generator, producing a temperature differential between the first side and second side. The at least one thermoelectric generator is configured to produce electrical energy from the temperature differential.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for igniting a lamp of a projector. The method includes steps of: (a) sensing a first temperature difference in response to power-off of the projector; (b) in response to power-on of the projector, detecting an aftercooling time and judging whether it is smaller than a predetermined cooling time, if YES, perform step (c); otherwise, perform step (g); (c) sensing a second temperature difference; (d) judging whether a ratio of the second temperature difference to the first temperature difference is larger than a threshold, if YES, perform step (e); otherwise, perform step (g); (e) calculating a re-cooling time; (f) controlling a fan to operate for the re-cooling time to cool the lamp down; and (g) igniting the lamp.

Abstract: A plasma generator has a first member 2 containing a dielectric material, and an electrode group composed of a plurality of electrodes and including a first assembly 6 partially including a plurality of electrodes and a second assembly 7 partially including a plurality of electrodes. In accordance with an AC voltage, the first assembly 6 generates a plasma in a first space 23 contacting the first member 2. In accordance with a DC voltage, the second assembly 7 generates an electric field in a second space 24 contacting the first member 2 and communicating with the first space 23. At least one or more electrodes of a portion of the first assembly 6 and at least one or more electrodes of a portion of the second assembly 7 are provided on the surface of or in the inside of the first member 2.

Abstract: A system for recapturing light emitted by a light source and converting that light into electrical current which can be used to power the same light source or other devices. An exemplary embodiment may use photovoltaic cells to recapture light from ceiling lights and convert it into a source of power for the ceiling light. Another embodiment may be a tanning bed that recaptures light using photovoltaic cells. Some embodiments may recapture light from multiple lighting fixtures. An exemplary embodiment may include a computer and battery for storing energy produced by the photovoltaic cells. Another exemplary embodiment is a method of recapturing light emitted by a light source and converting the light into energy which can be used to power electrical activities.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter generates a first power and a second power for driving pixels in an organic light emitting display, such that the voltages of the first power and the second power are substantially independent of the voltage from a power supply or a battery. A voltage detector detects the voltage from the power supply, and a booster circuit and an inverter circuit respectively boost and invert the voltage from the power supply to generate and output the first and the second powers, respectively, for the pixels. A PWM controller controls the booster circuit and the inverter circuit to control voltages of the first power and the second power. The booster circuit is adapted to reduce the voltage from the power supply to be lower than the voltage of the first power when the voltage from the power supply detected by the voltage detector is higher than a reference voltage.

Abstract: A hybrid lamp assembly according to the present invention comprises several different primary components, specifically, a lamp, lamp housing, and controller. The lamp may be powered by either of two different alternative power sources, a solar panel and grid power, and a combination of power from the solar panel and the grid power. An indicator lamp houses two LEDs that indicate the status of the lamp and which power sources are providing current to the lamp, and the relative amount of current being supplied. The hybrid lamp assembly may optionally include an emergency backup battery system to power the lamp when no grid power is available.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for controlling a display driving pulse to drive an LED display. In one embodiment, an RGB signal is received and a period during which all the LEDs are switched off is detected. Also, the period during which an image is not being displayed is also detected. The driving time of each LED is then extended by the detected periods so that the lighting time of the LED is extended, and brightness of the display as a whole is improved using the LED system.

Abstract: A capacitive load driving circuit (1) for charging and discharging a capacitive load (11) is provided with a voltage divider (5) for dividing a power supply voltage (VH) into a plurality of different voltages (V1–V9), a plurality of condensers (2a–i) to which the voltages (V1–V9) are respectively charged as terminal voltages, and a switch (7) for switching connections between the capacitive load (11) and the condensers (2a–i), the switch (7) sequentially connecting the condensers (2a–i) in an ascending order of the terminal voltages so that electrostatic energy is supplied to the capacitive load (11) when the capacitive load (11) is charged, the switch (7) sequentially connecting the condensers (2a–i) in a descending order of the terminal voltages so that electrostatic energy is collected from the capacitive load (11) when the capacitive load (11) is discharged.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for operating a lamp including a first circuit and a second circuit. The first circuit generates a second DC voltage from a first DC voltage and includes a transformer. The second circuit is coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer and supplies current for the lamp. The secondary winding, input terminals of the first circuit and second circuit are coupled together such that the second circuit is provided with a voltage whose amplitude is equal to the sum of the first DC voltage and the second DC voltage resulting in a more efficient transfer of power by the circuit arrangement to the lamp.

Abstract: A display is provided with an insulative layer with electrical properties which have been selected so that the display can be addressed with a stylus and which minimizes the effects of stray triboelectrically generated charges. Also provided is a method of addressing such a display by depositing charges on a surface of the display, maintaining sufficient charge to effect an image change, and then removing the charges.

Abstract: Disclosed a high pressure discharge lamp driving apparatus for driving a high pressure discharge lamp during a stable operation thereof with an AC lamp current alternating for opposite half-cycle periods, the apparatus comprising an AC lamp current supply for supplying the AC lamp current to the high pressure discharge lamp, a detector for detecting the output AC lamp current to the high pressure discharge lamp, a controller responsive to the detector for controlling the AC supply to output the AC lamp current with a waveform which is characterized by that (i) a mean value in the second half of each half-cycle period is larger than the means value of the first half of each half-cycle period, (ii) no pulse current is contained in the second half of each half-cycle period, (iii) the AC lamp current has a maximum value immediately after polarity change between the positive and negative half-cycle periods, and (iv) the AC lamp current has also a waveform defined by that the ratio (d/a) of the maximum value (d) of

Abstract: The present invention includes a smart controller for electroluminescent lamps which compensates for a range of RC time constants and adjusts its output frequency accordingly such that a relatively uniform light output is obtained on all illuminated areas of large EL display panels. The controller incorporates a device which monitors the current as the pulse train is applied to the EL panel. A sensing circuit determines if the current decayed to zero during the positive portion of the pulse. If the current did not decay to zero, the frequency is decreased until a decay to zero is sensed. Uniform light output is thus maintained from panel to panel, regardless of RC time constant differences between different EL panels, or variations in panel electrical characteristics over time. In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, several different frequencies are applied to the EL panel nearly simultaneously.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a high pressure discharge lamp is disclosed. Oscillation in the discharge arc periphery, a problem that occurs with high frequency operation, is eliminated. A high pressure discharge lamp is operated by applying thereto a dc or rectangular wave current to which is superposed an ac component shaped by a high frequency ripple signal that has been amplitude modulated by a modulation signal for inducing instantaneous fluctuations in the power supply input to both ends of the arc gap. The ripple level is thereby temporally varied, and stable operating is possible even exceeding the ripple level at which oscillation in the arc periphery begins.

Abstract: An EL lamp is powered by bursts of high frequency signal repeated at low frequency, i.e. having a low duty cycle envelope, in order to shift the color of light emitted by the phosphor in the lamp without degrading the life of the lamp. The bursts include one or more consecutive cycles of a high frequency signal or several closely spaced cycles of a high frequency signal.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp operating apparatus is used for operating a fluorescent lamp, which includes a glass tube coated with a phosphor and has at least mercury sealed therein, by generating an electric field in a direction from an inner surface of the glass tube toward a center of the glass tube. The operating apparatus, for example, includes: a ballast circuit connected to the fluorescent lamp for starting the fluorescent lamp; a potential application member disposed so as to at least partially surround discharge plasma generated in the fluorescent lamp; and a potential application circuit for applying a potential to the potential application member. In such a case, the potential application circuit applies a potential to the potential application member which is higher than the potential of the discharge plasma.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating a high pressure discharge lamp is disclosed. Oscillation in the discharge arc periphery, a problem that occurs with high frequency operation, is eliminated. A high pressure discharge lamp is operated by applying thereto a dc or rectangular wave current to which is superposed an ac component shaped by a high frequency ripple signal that has been amplitude modulated by a modulation signal for inducing instantaneous fluctuations in the power supply input to both ends of the arc gap. The ripple level is thereby temporally varied, and stable operating is possible even when exceeding the ripple level at which oscillation in the arc periphery begins.

Abstract: An uninterruptible power source for emergency lighting in an AC powered electrical system utilizes X-10 protocol transmitters and receivers for transmitting and receiving data signals over existing wiring to emergency wall switches interposed in the wiring for maintaining emergency lighting in the on condition when AC commercial power is interrupted and a battery powered backup unit converting DC to AC is activated upon the interruption of the commercial AC source.

Abstract: An arc lamp igniter circuit (10) employs a resonant inverter circuit (16) to convert low-voltage DC to a relatively high-voltage, 80 kilohertz sinusoidal AC voltage that is rectified and voltage-doubled (42, 44, 46) to about 2,500 volts DC for repetitively charging an igniter capacitor (50) until it discharges through a spark gap (58) and a primary winding (54) of a compact, low-mass igniter transformer (52). A secondary winding (56) of the igniter transformer provides repetitive 20 kilovolt pulses, which are sufficient to ionize a metal halide arc lamp (14), causing it to ignite and produce intense illumination.

Abstract: A power supply quickly restarts an electrodeless lamp which is temporarily turned off in an application using microwave radiation generated by a magnetron. When the electrodeless lamp operates in a full power mode, the power supply provides full power to the magnetron via high DC current and high DC voltage. When a user selectively switches the electrodeless lamp off, less power is provided to the magnetron than in the full power mode. In the reduced power mode, the magnetron generates sufficient microwave radiation to maintain the bulb plasma in an ignited condition while the lamp produces substantially no light output. This eliminates the required cooldown delay associated with the lamp shut down and quickly brings the lamp to the full power operation when requested by the user.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp drive circuit is disclosed. The fluorescent lamp drive circuit includes first filament drive circuitry coupled to the filaments of the lamp for driving the fluorescent lamp with a first waveform having sufficient amplitude such that gases in the fluorescent lamp are not allowed to extinguish during a prolonged period of operation. The fluorescent lamp drive circuit also includes second filament drive circuitry coupled to the filaments of the lamp for adjustably driving the fluorescent lamp with a second waveform during the prolonged period of operation. The second waveform has an amplitude which is adjustable over a wide range of voltages to achieve a wide range of fluorescent lamp luminance levels. Synchronization circuitry provides an input to the second filament drive circuitry to automatically facilitate the efficient transfer of power from the second filament drive circuitry to the fluorescent lamp over a wide range of lamp pressures and operating temperatures.

Abstract: A high frequency (HF) lighting apparatus includes a rare gas discharge lamp and a power supply. The lamp has an envelope having a rare gas therein. A pair of electrodes is provided in the envelope, and an external conductor is provided near the envelope. The power supply includes a HF electric power circuit to generate a HF electric power. The HF electric power circuit has an output whose crest factor is 2.3 or more. The power supply has a ballast coupled between the HF electric power circuit and the lamp for applying stabilized HF current to the lamp. The power supply further has a DC supply circuit including a rectifier for rectifying the HF to DC and a voltage divider. The voltage divider is disposed between the lamp and the rectifier for applying a potential to the external conductor of the lamp and for adding a DC current to the stabilized HF current.

Abstract: A strike enhancement circuit for a dc power supply, which can be a switched half-bridge supply, creates a high voltage at high impedance to initiate a plasma in a plasma chamber or sputtering chamber. The strike circuit has a plurality of diode bridges that act as full-wave rectifiers or peak detectors. The transformer secondary of the power supply is connected through isolation capacitors to the ac inputs of each of the diode bridges. The dc ports of the diode bridges are stacked in series, and the combined, stacked voltage is applied across the input terminals of the plasma chamber. Each diode bridge also has a storage capacitor connected between the positive and negative dc ports. Positive and negative voltage peaks from the transformer secondary waveform are stored in the storage capacitors. The combined dc outputs applied to the plasma chamber appear as a voltage high enough to initiate a plasma discharge.

Abstract: A high pressure gas discharge lamp is operated with normal output by at least predominantly low frequency energy supplied from a conventional power supply unit, and is operated at lower than 25 percent of the normal output by at least predominantly high frequency energy supplied from an electronic power supply unit. The electric output fed to the lamp is controlled. At any level of operation, a steady burning of the lamp for saving service life of the lamp is guaranteed. The switching arrangement, in addition to a conventional power supply unit, has an electronic power supply unit. The electronic power supply unit feeds the lamp with energy at a frequency which is higher than that of the energy supplied from the conventional power supply unit.

Abstract: An improved energizing circuit for starting and regulating a gaseous discharge lamp. The circuit is 100% solid state and does not require the use of any inductive components or any filaments for its proper operation. The circuit is made up of several sub-circuits including a rectifying and voltage-doubling circuit, a second multiplying circuit, a low power oscillating circuit and a high voltage amplifier circuit. A high frequency AC signal is used to ionize the gas and ignite the lamp, while a DC signal is generated by the circuit to keep the lamp illuminated once it is ignited. The size and weight of the integrated circuit ballast are such that it could be incorporated into the fluorescent lamp package itself.

Abstract: A feedback control system for electronic ballast comprises a lamp, an electronic ballast, a multiplier, a time controller, a first adder-subtracter, a reference voltage generator, a second adder-subtracter, an error amplifier, a capacitor, a voltage controlled current source VCCS, a third adder-subtracter and an oscilloscope and output driver.

Abstract: A transformerless ballast for a gaseous discharge lamp is disclosed. The ballast comprises: a rectifier; a filter for the rectifier output; a voltage divider for the filter output; an electronic gate modulating the filter output to power a lamp when the lamp is lit; a controller controlling the electronic gate responsive to variations in lamp impedance and to variations in the voltage divider output; an oscillator generating an output for predetermined period of time until after the lamp is lit; and an amplifier receiving and amplifying the oscillator output for powering the lamp when the lamp is unlit.

Abstract: A circuit for operating a discharge lamp includes input terminals for connection to a supply voltage source and a first apparatus coupled to the input terminals for generating a low-frequency alternating current from a supply voltage delivered by the supply voltage source. A second apparatus is coupled to the input terminals for generating from the supply voltage a further current which is superimposed on the low-frequency alternating current. The polarity of the further current is the same as that of the low-frequency alternating current. As a result, instabilities do not arise in the discharge arc of a high-pressure discharge lamp operated by the circuit.

Abstract: An electroluminescence (EL) element lighting device for an EL element, includes a first circuit for self-oscillating to generate a first signal having a first frequency, and for gradually charging up said EL element in response to the first signal, and a second circuit for self-oscillating to generate a second signal having a second frequency, and for discharging the charge stored in said EL element in response to the second signal. The first frequency of the first signal is greater than the second frequency of the second signal, and the second signal is active only during a time interval less than 50% of each period of the second signal.

Abstract: A fail safe power supply system specially adapted for supplying power to devices such as lights. A battery is provided to supply power to the devices, and during normal operation, charge on the battery is maintained within selected levels by a charging control system that is connected to a source of commercial power. During a commercial power outage, the battery continues to supply normal power to the devices for a prolonged period of time, usually until commercial power is restored, thus obviating the necessity for a separate backup power source.

Abstract: A flashlight has a hybrid battery pack consisting of a primary-cell battery (ex: an Alkaline battery) and an auxiliary rechargeable battery of low internal resistance (ex: a Ni--Cad battery). Connected in circuit between the batteries and the flashlight's light bulb is a slide switch and an electronic control circuit. The slide switch has an OFF-position, an ON-position, and a spring-loaded variable BOOST-position. In full BOOST, the electronic control circuit operates such as to apply a voltage of about 1.5 times normal magnitude to the light bulb; thereby increasing the flashlight's light output by a factor of about 4.0 above normal. However, at that degree of BOOST, if indeed maintained on a continuous basis, the life of the light bulb will be shortened to about 15 minutes versus about 50 hours when used in the normal ON-position.

Abstract: A high frequency power supply for neon and mercury luminous tubes including means for simultaneously suppressing bubbles formed in neon tubes and for minimizing migration of mercury commonly associated with the use of solid-state luminous tube power supplies.

Abstract: A power supply for an electroluminescent lamp includes a pair of inverters for alternately powering the EL lamp from a low voltage DC source. A first inverter is connected to a first electrode of the EL lamp and a transistor is connected between the first electrode and electrical ground. A second inverter is connected to a second electrode of the EL lamp and a second transistor is connected between the second electrode and electrical ground. A pulse generator connected to the inverters and the transistors operates the inverters and transistors to power the EL lamp alternately from one inverter and then the other. In one embodiment of the invention, the voltage across the EL lamp is referenced to ground and, in another embodiment, the voltage across the EL lamp is referenced to the voltage of the DC source.

Abstract: A driver circuit for a display device, in which first and second clock pulse generator circuits generate first and second clock pulses to a gate circuit for allowing the first clock pulse to pass when the first and second clock pulses are a high level, and by the output of the gate circuit, a combination of a transistor and an inductance generate a high voltage pulse. The high voltage pulse is rectified in a triple voltage rectifying circuit to output a high voltage output for driving the display device such as EL elements, and the high voltage output can be reset by a low frequency pulse output from a discharge circuit. As a result, no inverter is required, and a small-sized and light-weighted driver circuit is achieved with a long luminescence life of the EL elements and without noises offensive to the ear.