Abstract: A capacitor bank includes a plurality of capacitors; a plurality of resistors, each of the capacitors being in series with at least one of the resistors; and a plurality of diodes, each of the diodes being in parallel with one of the resistors. A subsea power cell for converting an electrical three phase input into an electrical one phase output, includes the capacitor bank; a diode rectifier connected to the three phase input; and a plurality of Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors connected to the electrical one phase output.

Abstract: The present utility model provides a compulsory triggered spark gap system with double gaps in series, said spark gap system includes two self-discharge main gaps in series G1, G2 and a gap trigger system, the two ends of the spark gap system are respectively connected with the high voltage end and low voltage end; said gap trigger system and said self-discharge main gaps is parallel. The present utility model is suitable for not only series compensation device, also the series resonant type fault current limiter and fast bypass capacitors, it reduces the trigger discharge voltage value, improves the performance of protection coordination, and the trigger discharge stability and reliability.

Abstract: A charging diode 6 is connected to the capacitor 3 and the anode of a first LED 11, and limits the direction of the charging current. A discharging diode 7 is connected to the capacitor 3 and the cathode of the first LED 11, and limits the direction of the discharging current. A charging path CP is provided which includes the capacitor 3, the charging diode 6, and the charger 5. The capacitor 3 is charged through the charging path CP. A discharging path DP is provided which includes the capacitor 3, the discharging diode 7 and a discharger 4. The capacitor 3 is discharged through the discharging path DP. A transient path TP is provided which does not include the capacitor 3 but includes the first LED 11, the charger 5 and the discharger 4.

Abstract: An LED lighting device includes a converter for converting a power source voltage into a DC voltage and outputting it to an LED unit; and a controller for controlling an output of the converter. The converter has a chopper circuit including a series circuit of an inductance element and a capacitor; a switching element connected to the inductance element in series and turned on/off by the controller; and a diode as discharging path of the inductance element during an OFF state of the switching element. The controller controls an on/off time of the switching element such that a current supplied to the LED unit during a specific time period after a lighting operation is started becomes smaller than a current supplied to the LED unit in a steady state by using a voltage generated in a secondary coil of the inductance coil as an operating voltage thereof.

Abstract: Improving start-up time of a light emitting diode (led) driver at lower input voltage is accomplished with a quick start circuit comprising a constant current source that replaces the traditional trickle charge start-up path for charging of a Vcc capacitor supplying operating voltage to an SMPS controller. Also the constant current source will only be operational during SMPS start-up, then will turn off after the SMPS is capable of producing its own regulated power supply to the Vcc terminal of the SMPS controller, thereby minimizing E2/R power losses in the SMPS.

Abstract: A LED driving circuit includes a bridge rectifier, a high-bias-voltage diode, a balancing capacitor, a driving chip, and a switch. The bridge rectifier receives external AC power and outputs a full-wave or half-wave AC power. One terminal of the high-bias-voltage diode and one terminal of the balancing capacitor are electrically coupled to a balancing node. The other terminals of the high-bias-voltage diode and the balancing capacitor are electrically coupled to the bridge rectifier and grounded respectively. The driving chip receives operating power from the balancing node, and outputs driving signals to operate the switch, so as to drive an LED. Through the arrangement of the forward bias voltage direction of the high-bias-voltage diode, the balancing capacitor is only discharged to the driving chip. Therefore, the capacitance value and the volume of the balancing capacitor, the space occupied by the driving circuit, and the cost of the driving circuit are reduced.

Abstract: A short arc lamp driving circuit includes a trigger boosting circuit, a flash current control circuit, and a closed loop exposure control and calibration circuits that, when combined, can produce short pulses of light with short time separation, quasi-continuous illumination light, and meanwhile, an extremely large dynamic range of delivered and/or calibrated light power or energy.

Abstract: An electronic ballast circuit for a lamp is described, wherein the ballast comprises a power factor correction circuit coupled to an inverter circuit. The inverter circuit is further coupled to a trigger circuit, which is in turn operatively connected to a hot or neutral line of a power supply by a control line. Upon closing a switch in the control line, the trigger circuit operates to place a capacitor in parallel with a base drive winding of a transistor in the inverter circuit, causing the inverter circuit to shut down. When the switch is opened, the trigger circuit shuts off and the inverter starts up and returns to an oscillating state.

Abstract: A free-running circuit arrangement for operating a load, has at least one switching element, a freewheeling diode connected in an anti-parallel fashion relative to the main current direction of the at least one switching element, a load circuit and a control resonant circuit which comprises at least one control inductor and at least one self-capacitance of the at least one switching element. The at least one switching element has a control electrode, a working electrode and a reference electrode, a capacitance acting between the control and working electrodes that is coupled to the control resonant circuit such that energy is fed into the control resonant circuit by the charging and discharging current of this capacitance, the circuit arrangement having no components for feeding energy into the control resonant circuit by electromagnetic coupling.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a ballast for feeding a UV light low pressure radiator. The UV light low pressure radiator is ignited and subsequently fed with direct current. The polarity of the direct current is changed at successive intervals which are greater than half the period of the conventional network frequency and smaller than a time until a lower threshold value for the operational temperature of the electrodes is reached, whereby said time is a result of the thermal time constant of the UV light low pressure radiator.

Abstract: An electronic ballast for hot cathode discharge lamp comprises a DC voltage source, a chopper, and an inverter. The chopper includes a switching element connected in series with an inductor across the DC voltage and driven to turn on and off for providing a periodically interrupted voltage which is smoothed by a capacitor to produce a smoothed DC voltage as a chopper output. The inverter includes at least one switching element which is coupled to the chopper output to produce therefrom a high frequency AC voltage as an inverter output to be applied to cathodes of the discharge lamp for lighting the discharge lamp. The ballast is characterized to include an inverter controller and a delay circuit. The inverter controller controls the inverter to operate selectively in a normal mode of providing the inverter output of a first level and in a limited mode of providing the inverter output of a second level which is lower than the first level and is determined to give a preheating current to the cathodes.

Abstract: A ballast for a gas discharge lamp circuit has a d-c output which contains three series-connected diodes connected across the output terminals, a pair of capacitors connected from different respective nodes of the diodes to respective ones of the output terminals, and a resistor connected between two of the diodes. The resistor increases the circuit power factor to greater than 0.95.

Abstract: To eliminate the necessity for a saturated or air gap inductance to provide feedback circuit for a self-exciting oscillator including two active electronic switches (T1, T2) , for example MOSFETs, an auxiliary winding (HW1, HW2, . . . HW11) is inductively coupled to the resonance inductance (L2) present in the circuit for the discharge lamp (LP) anyway; and a pulse shaping - phase shifting network (R3, C3; R4, C4 . . . ) , devoid of inherent resonance, coupling the auxiliary winding to the active switching elements. The pulse shaping - phase shifting network is formed of a one or multiple-stage RC low-pass circuit, connected serially between the auxiliary winding and the control input, for example the gate, of the active switching element. The RC network can be constructed with variable elements, for example including PTC resistors, a varistor or the like, and may include a current source, protective circuits to protect against voltage peaks including Zener diodes.

Abstract: The present invention concerns with the flash device in which the output of an electric power source is boosted by a DC-DC converter, and a main capacitor is charged by the output of the DC-DC converter. In the above-described flash device, to detect the charging state of the main capacitor, a voltage detecting circuit such as voltage dividing resistors is connected in parallel to the main capacitor. For this reason, when the DC-DC converter is rendered inoperative, a problem arises that the electric charges on the main capacitor discharge through the voltage detecting circuit. In the present invention, to eliminate this problem, the flash device is provided with a unilateral conducting element such as diode connected in between the main capacitor and the voltage detecting circuit.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp assembly for operation from a source of AC line voltage. The assembly includes a fluorescent lamp having an arc length not greater than about 120 mm and an envelope which includes at least one constricting portion located therein for constricting the plasma discharge to provide an increase in the lamp voltage. Also included is a lead-type ballasting means which comprises a capacitor in one embodiment connected in series with the lamp.

Abstract: A striker circuit is provided for high intensity discharge lamps that uses a clamping circuit applied to the AC line current to generate a clamped voltage differential for striking the lamp. A clamped voltage differential is generated at fixed intervals until the lamp is struck. The emission of the clamped voltage differentials is stopped when the current flowing through the lamp is above a fixed value. The clamped voltage differential is reclamped if it drifts from its desired, clamped waveform.

Abstract: An electron beam processor with an energy storage line and matched field emission diode that define a high energy electron beam generator. A transport system positions a specimen to be thermally processed in a processing station. Energy stored on the line is discharged through the diode and the resulting high energy beam impacts upon the specimen for thermally processing selected regions thereof.

Abstract: An under-sea-water electric discharge generator includes a source of stored electrical energy connectable through solid state switch means to a cable extending to a number of pairs of electrodes to be towed under sea-water. The switch means comprises an inductor in series with five main branch circuits: a capacitor discharge branch includes a plurality of SCRs connected in series and a sub-branch of RC elements for gate control with one RC element across each but an end one of the SCRs; a reverse discharge branch includes a plurality of diode means, one across each SCR. Diodes across the gate-cathode circuit of each but said one SCR protect against reverse negative voltage during reverse discharge. Static, dynamic, and over voltage branches parallel the SCR branch with one element of each (resistor, RC element, thyrector) across each SCR.

Abstract: An ornamental ring having a flashing capacity controlled by a minute electrical circuit incorporating one or more light-emitting diodes which are confined in the gem-display region of the ring, is disclosed. A time delay, capacitor-resistor arrangement governs the activation and deactivation of a pair of transistors whose function is to cause the light-emitting diodes to alternately flash or blink in substantially identical intervals.