Abstract: The present invention provide a filler metal for TIG welding capable of stable welding, of which heat flux feeding area is wider than conventional wire filler metal and heat input per unit length is increased. The filler metal for TIG welding which is continuously supplied on a base metal to be melted by an arc after forming the arc between the base metal and an electrode over the base metal and supplying shield gas around the arc, wherein the cross-section of the filler metal has curved shape of which surface facing the electrode is concavely curved to the electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus including a non-planar body on a substrate, the body including a channel on a blocking material, and a gate stack on the body, the gate stack including a first gate electrode material including a first work function disposed on the channel material and a second gate electrode material including a second work function different from the first work function disposed on the channel material and on the blocking material. A method including forming a non-planar body on a substrate, the non-planar body including a channel on a blocking material, and forming a gate stack on the body, the gate stack including a first gate electrode material including a first work function disposed on the channel and a second gate electrode material including a second work function different from the first work function disposed on the channel and on the blocking material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ceramic metal halide lamp having a ceramic discharge vessel, characterized in that the discharge vessel encloses a discharge space which comprises an electrode, which electrode is electrically connected to a conductor outside the discharge vessel by means of a feedthrough comprising an Ir wire, the feedthrough being gas-tight mounted in an extended plug, also referred to as vup, of the discharge vessel, the feedthrough comprising an electrode—feedthrough combination made up of at least three parts with a W or W—Re rod or a Mo or Mo alloy wire extending out of the vup for burner mounting, which W or W—Re or MO or MO alloy wire is welded to the Ir wire.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of illumination lamps, in particular to an LED bulb. The invention comprises a lamp cap, a lampshade, LEDS and a circuit board, wherein the bottom end of the lampshade is mounted and fixed at the top end of the lamp cap; the circuit board is mounted and fixed in the lampshade and also electrically connected with the lamp cap; and the lampshade is filled with a mixed gas which transfers heat produced by the LEDS outside the bulb. The invention transfers heat produced by the LEDS by a mixed gas; the LED bulb has such advantages to as small weight, small volume and low production cost; besides, by using the mixed gas as heat transfer medium, the invention can radiate heat produced by the LEDS outside the bulb rapidly so as to effectively solve the heat radiation issue of the LEDS and prolong the service life of the LEDS.

Abstract: A low-pressure discharge lamp includes a discharge vessel, a gas discharge medium including nitrogen contained in the discharge vessel at low pressure, wherein the discharge lamp is configured such that light may be generated by a high-current discharge process of the gas discharge medium.

Abstract: A high brightness excimer light source has an elongated tube containing an excimer-forming gas and electrodes for exciting the gas to form a plasma, and thus create excimers such as a rare gas halogen excimer or a rare gas excimer. Light emitted from the excimer propagating axially along the tube passes out of the tube through an exit device such as a lens or optical fiber at one or both ends of the tube.

Abstract: A lamp includes a discharge vessel with electrodes extending into the discharge vessel and an ionizable fill scaled within the vessel. The fill includes a buffer gas, optionally mercury, and a halide component. The lamp includes available oxygen, sealed within the discharge vessel, at a concentration of at least 0.1 ?mol O/cc.

Abstract: To increase radiation intensity of deuterium lamp with continuous spectrum in UV region including vacuum UV in order to enable the lamp to illuminate wide area in high intensity. A pair of electrodes 7 and 8 is covered with dielectrics, placed outside of a UV transparent tubular discharge vessel 1 and plunged into the discharge vessel 1. There is a shield box 2 with a separator 3 between the electrodes 7 and 8 in the discharge vessel 1. Deuterium gas, hydrogen gas, mixture gas with deuterium, or mixture gas with hydrogen is enclosed in the discharge vessel 1 as discharge gas. A slit 4 is formed on the separator 3 along the axis of the discharge vessel 1 in order to squeeze the discharge path arising between the electrodes 7 and 8. The slit 4 makes radiant points continuous and then the lamp length would not be limited. When sine wave in high voltage is applied between the electrodes 7 and 8, dielectric-barrier discharge is caused.

Abstract: A luminous discharge display device having two distinct, independent discharge chambers, stacked vertically; of substantially flat circular shape containing inert gas mixtures, and a central electrode coupled to a power supply which provides ionizing means for the gas. The device utilizes two grooves formed into defining members of the discharge chambers to increase the capacitance along their length due to the inverse relationship between dielectric width and capacitance. Two electrode assemblies are biased out of phase with respect to the main electrode further increasing the capacitance and converging the luminous discharge at that specific point and are fitted into the circular grooves. A clock mechanism moves the electrode assemblies along their respective grooves thus creating a controlled motion of the luminous glowing plasma.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp of the present invention includes: a discharge chamber that is formed in a silica glass tube, a pair of electrodes that are arranged with ends confronting each other in the discharge chamber; metal foil parts that are superposed and bonded to the other ends of the electrodes, and sealing sections for hermetically sealing the discharge chamber and which are parts for embedding the other ends of the electrodes and the metal foil parts in the glass at the two ends of the silica glass tube. The electrodes and the metal foil parts are embedded in the glass in a state in which metal coils are wrapped around the vicinities of the junctions of the electrodes and metal foil parts. The ends of the metal foil parts on the electrode side are further formed as tapered portions.

Abstract: A mercury-free metal halide lamp includes an arc tube including a pair of electrodes inside the tube. In the arc tube, a rare gas and a metal halide are contained, and no mercury is contained. The mercury-free metal halide lamp is horizontally operated such that the pair of electrodes is substantially horizontal. The mercury-free metal halide lamp further includes magnetic field applying means for applying a magnetic field including a component substantially perpendicular to a straight line connecting heads of the pair of electrodes in a substantially vertical direction. The density of halogen atoms evaporated during steady-state operation with respect to unit inner volume of the arc tube is 20 &mgr;mol/cc or more.

Abstract: The invention is intended to enable the easy measurement of the amount of color purity at each of many measured points. An adjusting coil (9) is provided at a neck portion of a color cathode ray tube (1). Also, a color image pickup means (4) for photographing the screen of the color cathode ray tube (1) is provided. A monochrome signal of any one of red, green, and blue colors is input to this color cathode ray tube (1). Thereafter, while varying the electric current made to flow through the adjusting coil (9), the image pickup signal obtained by the color pickup means (4) is decomposed into red, green, and blue color signal components; and the intensity of each of them is measured.

Abstract: A discharge lamp having a discharge vessel through whose wall at least one current feedthrough is guided. A discharge electrode is arranged on one end of the current feedthrough. The current feedthrough is made of at least two separate parts and at least one part is made of niobium, tantalum or alloys based on niobium and/or tantalum. The second part is made of material which is more resistant to oxidation than the first part.

Abstract: An active matrix liquid crystal display (AMLCD) system is for use in avionic applications. The system includes an integral cathode fall indicator. The indicator relies on a gas fill mixture to provide an orange glow when the cathode fall region has an abnormally high potential across it. During normal operation, the gas fill mixture provides a light blue glow. The gas mixture includes helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon.

Abstract: A pulse structure for operating a method neon lamp in a multi-colored light source is described along with its pertinence to automotive lighting. The particular neon lamps are mercury-free, low pressure, rare gas lamps that can be operated as efficient red, amber, and potentially white light sources in automotive and other lighting applications. The preferred pulse structure has a leading spike to ionize the neon and generate ultraviolet radiation, and has a trailing pulse to add energy to the lamp, which increases visible neon emission efficacy.

Abstract: Low pressure sodium lamp color output is shifted from yellow to a fuller spectral range of visible light (white) by effective simultaneous excitation of sodium and a mercury additive. This is made possible principally by controlling the vapor constituents and the excitation arrangement.

Abstract: A nearly pure neon is described along with a method of operating the lamp. A phosphor is coated on the lamp wall. By properly stimulating the neon, ultraviolet light may be emitted, that can stimulate the phosphor to a first light emission. The lamp may then be operated to produce a visible light emission that is the result of neon emission or of intermediate combinations of the neon and phosphor emissions. A single neon lamp may then produce in one instance, an amber color, or in other instance, a red color without the cold environment problems typical of a mercury based lamp. The output efficiency is enhanced when the lamp is formed as an aperture lamp. The narrow source is also useful as a source in reflector and lens systems. High pressure neon lamps offer a small source size, direct color with no filtering, good tolerance of impact and jarring, moderate cost, and increased vehicle styling potential.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, there is provided a ballast circuit for a gas discharge lamp. The circuit comprises means for providing a d.c. bus voltage on a bus conductor with respect to ground. The circuit includes a resonant load circuit incorporating a gas discharge lamp and including first and second resonant impedances whose values determine the operating frequency of the resonant load circuit. Further included is a converter circuit coupled to the resonant load circuit so as to impress a bidirectional voltage thereacross and thereby induce a bidirectional current in the resonant load circuit. The converter comprises first and second switches serially connected between the bus conductor and ground, and having a common node coupled to a first end of the resonant load circuit and through which the bidirectional load current flows. A current-sensing winding senses at least a portion of the current flowing in the resonant load circuit.

Abstract: A high-pressure glow discharge lamp (1) having a planar discharge vessel (2) which is sealed in a vacuumtight manner, which surrounds a discharge space (3) filled with a gas mixture which forms excimers, and whose parallel walls (4, 5) are formed from a dielectric material. The surfaces (6, 7) of the walls (4, 5) remote from the discharge space (3) are provided with planar electrodes (8, 9). At least one (5) of these walls with its associated electrode (8) is at least partly transparent to the generated radiation. The gas mixture includes at least one of the rare gases Xe, Kr and Ar for forming an excimer and at least one of the halogens I.sub.2, Br.sub.2, Cl.sub.2 and F.sub.2. The partial pressure of the substance forming the excimer is at least 10 and at most 600 mbar in the case of Xe and/or Kr and at least 10 and at most 1000 mbar in the case of Ar. The partial pressure of the halogen is between 0.05 and 5% of the partial pressure of the substance forming the excimer.

Abstract: An information transmission method using arc and apparatus thereof are applied to a loudspeaker and the like having the function of illumination. The information transmission method is characterized in that arc current supplied to an arc generating device is modulated by a signal based on information to vibrate arc column so that at least one of audible waves, ultrasonic waves and arc light is employed to transmit the information. Arc having small mechanical inertia is employed as a sound producing device and accordingly can be used as a loudspeaker having a good frequency characteristic and large output. It can be used as a sound producing device having the function of illumination by utilizing strong light emitted from arc column.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium lamp having a fill within an elongated arc tube comprising an inert starting gas, mercury and sodium wherein said mercury and sodium being are in an amount less than two milligrams per cubic centimeter of said volume of the interior of the arc tube wherein the weight ratio of sodium to mercury is less than 1 to 20 whereby the lamp is saturated with sodium and unsaturated with mercury at said predetermined nominal output voltage and does not extinguish at an input voltage exceeding about 90 percent of said rated voltage.

Abstract: A single flash discharge tube system is provided that is capable of emitting artificial light of a controlled and variable spectral output to compensate for photographic film color variations and/or extremes in scene color temperature. The flash tube contains a mixture of two or more gasses with each gas in the tube having a different ionization potential. When ionized, each gas or combination thereof produces light having a different spectral output. The ionization of each gas is controlled by a trigger voltage applied to the flash tube in accordance with a code on a film container indicative of the color balance of film contained therein and/or sensing apparatus that determines scene color temperature.

Abstract: A negative glow discharge lamp device has a discharge container enclosing at least a rare gas, a hot cathode disposed in the discharge container and coated with a thermion radiation matter, and an anode located in a negative glow domain formed between the anode and the hot cathode in the discharge container, a power conversion circuit for driving the lamp device includes a rectifier directly connected at its d.c. output terminals to the hot cathode and the anode respectively for supplying d.c. electric power to the discharge container, and a capacitor ballast connected between a power supply terminal of an a.c. power source and an a.c. input terminal of the rectifier for controlling discharge current in the discharge container.

Abstract: The invention provides a rare gas discharge fluorescent lamp device which is long in life and high in brightness and efficiency. The lamp device comprises a rare gas discharge fluorescent lamp including a bulb having rare gas such as xenon, argon or krypton gas enclosed therein, a fluorescent layer formed on an inner face of the bulb, a reflecting film formed on an inner face of the fluorescent layer, and a pair of electrodes located at the opposite ends of the bulb. The lamp device further comprises a power source for applying a voltage across the electrodes, and pulse voltage forming means connected between the electrodes and the power source for forming a dc pulse voltage from a voltage supplied from the power source. The dc pulse voltage thus formed is applied across the electrodes to cause the lamp to be lit.

Abstract: A negative glow discharge lamp including a light transmitting envelope having supported therein electrode means for establishing a negative glow discharge in the lamp. The fill material includes a metal-based gas such as sodium which, upon excitation thereof, directly emits visible light. The sodium has a resonance radiation in the visible part of the spectrum. The cathode is a hot cathode.

Abstract: A variable color lighting device employs two gases having different ionization potentials and sealed in a lamp tube. A cathode and anode are disposed inside the lamp tube opposed to each other and connected to a power supply source for varying applied voltages thereto to vary light emitting ratio of the two gases for different color light generation, in accordance with the applied voltages. A variable color lighting can be realized at relatively low voltages with a simple and economical control circuit, and an increased light emission output can be attained to render the device utilizable as a main lighting source.

Abstract: A spark gap switch system is disclosed which is capable of operating at a high pulse rate comprising an insulated switch housing having a purging gas entrance port and a gas exit port, a pair of spaced apart electrodes each having one end thereof within the housing and defining a spark gap therebetween, an easily condensable and preferably low molecular weight insulating gas flowing through the switch housing from the housing, a heat exchanger/condenser for condensing the insulating gas after it exits from the housing, a pump for recirculating the condensed insulating gas as a liquid back to the housing, and a heater exchanger/evaporator to vaporize at least a portion of the condensed insulating gas back into a vapor prior to flowing the insulating gas back into the housing.

Abstract: A single flash discharge tube system is provided that is capable of emitting artificial light of a controlled and variable spectral output to compensate for photographic film color variations and/or extremes in scene color temperature. The flash tube contains a mixture of two or more gasses with each gas in the tube having a different ionization potential. When ionized, each has or combination thereof produces light having a different spectral output. The ionization of each gas is controlled by a trigger voltage applied to the flash tube in accordance with a code on a film container indicative of the color balance of film contained therein and/or sensing apparatus that determines scene color temperature.

Abstract: A spark gap switch apparatus is disclosed which is capable of operating at a high pulse rate which comprises an insulated housing; a pair of spaced apart electrodes each having one end thereof within a first bore formed in the housing and defining a spark gap therebetween; a pressure wave reflector in the first bore in the housing and spaced from the spark gap and capable of admitting purge flow; and a second enlarged bore contiguous with the first bore and spaced from the opposite side of the spark gap; whereby pressure waves generated during discharge of a spark across the spark gap will reflect off the wave reflector and back from the enlarged bore to the spark gap to clear from the spark gap hot gases residues generated during the discharge and simultaneously restore the gas density and pressure in the spark gap to its initial value.

Abstract: A high-pressure sodium vapor lamp with elevated color temperature, high light yield and improved color rendering properties for general illumination purposes uses sodium or sodium amalgam with mole fractions x.sub.Na >0.9 as the arc media. The lamp power supply supplies pulses with a duty cycle .GAMMA.of 0.01>.GAMMA.>0.1 with alternating polarity, or with mole fractions x.sub.Na >0.95 even at uniform polarity, respectively.

Abstract: A gas discharge apparatus includes a discharge chamber including a transparent dome portion and an electrode-including base portion, which together enclose an ionizable gas. A cup-shaped base member is affixed at its periphery to the edge of the base portion of the discharge chamber. A power supply and discharge excitation network is disposed within the interior of the base portion. The power supply and discharge network include a pair of terminals. An oscillator and associated step-up output transformer powered from the terminals is positioned between the terminals and the discharge chamber. A field shield including a conductive sheet member is positioned between the terminals and the discharge chamber. The field shield is adapted to be electrically coupled to the electrode so that discharge-supporting electric fields may be established in the discharge chamber between the electrode and through the dome portion of that chamber to an effective ground electrode exterior to the chamber.

Abstract: Highly efficient binary and ternary gas mixtures for use in diffuse glow discharge closing switches are disclosed. The binary mixtures are combinations of helium or neon and selected perfluorides. The ternary mixtures are combinations of helium, neon, or argon, a selected perfluoride, and a small amount of gas that exhibits enhanced ionization characteristics. These mixtures are shown to be the optimum choices for use in diffuse glow discharge closing switches by virtue of the combined physio-electric properties of the mixture components.

Abstract: A device for producing and controlling the flow rate of bubble-like ionization discontinuities (30) in a gas discharge tube (10) which includes means to produce an alternating current at a frequency between 1500 and 8000 Hz and a voltage between 2000 and 12000 V (16), a capacitor (36) in series with the tube to prevent direct current flow through the tube, and means to produce asymmetry (18) between the positive portion and the negative portion of the alternating current through the tube, the asymmetry being time asymmetry or wave shape asymmetry, the degree of asymmetry influencing the rate of apparent bubble flow through the tube and the direction of asymmetry influencing the direction of the apparent bubble flow through the tube.

Abstract: Ion source including an electric discharge chamber body divided by a partition, having an anode electrode therein, into a main discharge chamber and a subsidiary discharge chamber. The subsidiary discharge chamber has a filament mounted therein aligned with at least one small opening through the partition wall and the anode electrode. An inert gas opening is provided into the subsidiary discharge chamber. An electric discharge gas opening and an ion outlet opening are provided to the main discharge chamber. Magnets are provided outside of the chamber body for creating a magnetic field extending nearly along an axis of the at least one small opening in the anode electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma processing apparatus capable of obtaining a satisfactory plasma arc and a processing method used by this plasma processing apparatus.The plasma processing apparatus is constructed to vary an electric current or a voltage during start up at a fixed period for a fixed time. The plasma processing apparatus has a plasma power source capable of controlling an electric current or a voltage applied to a plasma torch, and an electrode and a nozzle are communicated by means of an electrification in the plasma torch.In a method for performing a plasma process by a plasma processing apparatus, a mixing gas has a ratio of Hydrogen to Argon in a range from 5 to 20 Vol %, and a frequency of a plasma electric current is controlled in a range from 10 to 30 KHz.

Abstract: An open wide area vacuum ultraviolet lamp for use in microelectronics processing applications employes a ring-shaped cold cathode to produce a trapped electron beam discharge of generally disc-shaped cross section in a low pressure molecular gas environment and without the use of VUV windows.

Abstract: The invention is a gas mixture for a diffuse discharge switch which is capable of changing from a conducting state to an insulating state in the presence of electrons upon the introduction of laser light. The mixture is composed of a buffer gas such as nitrogen or argon and an electron attaching gas such as C.sub.6 H.sub.5 SH, C.sub.6 H.sub.5 SCH.sub.3, CH.sub.3 CHO and CF.sub.3 CHO wherein the electron attachment is brought on by indirect excitation of molecules to long-lived states by exposure to laser light.

Abstract: A high-pressure sodium lamp is connected to a d.c. power supply through a ballast, to operate it with a current containing a d.c. component. The relation between the ratio l/d of the inter-electrode distance l (mm) to the inner diameter d (mm) of the arc tube of the high-pressure sodium lamp and the sodium vapor pressure P.sub.Na (kPa) in the arc tube is maintained at P.sub.Na .gtoreq.6.0 (l/d-5.8), thus making it possible to operate the high-pressure sodium lamp with a current containing a d.c. component without causing a significant color separation which otherwise might be the result of cataphoresis.

Abstract: Gaseous medium in a diffuse-discharge switch of a high-energy pulse generator is formed of argon combined with a compound selected from the group consisting of CF.sub.4, C.sub.2 F.sub.6, C.sub.3 F.sub.8, n-C.sub.4 F.sub.10, WF.sub.6, (CF.sub.3).sub.2 S and (CF.sub.3).sub.2 O.

Abstract: A lamp primarily containing neon gas is supplied with alternating electrical power at a frequency of not less than 5 kHz. The discharge current is determined on the basis of the gas pressure such that no striations occur. If necessary, getter means including a metal element belonging to the second, third, fourth or fifth periodic group are provided near each electrode, oriented so as not to interfere with any electron emissions from the lamp electrodes.

Abstract: A plasma display device is provided with a gas discharge device which is filled with hydrogen as an ionizable gas and contains an aluminum cathode which is maintained continuously coated during the gas discharge with a film of an aluminum oxide which is either resistant to the hydrogen gas discharge, or the non-resistant portions of which are re-formed into the oxide by means of an additive. This plasma display device can be provided for flat picture screens, particularly of television sets, because during the required life of the gas discharge device, a premature rise of the operating voltage is prevented and, at the same time, there is little sputtering effect.

Abstract: A high repetition rate high power spark gap switch of the type useful in pulsed lasers, radar systems and pulse-forming networks is enabled to operate with higher switching speed at high power levels by rapid chemical composition change cyclically made in the spark gap at high frequency with differing standoff voltage capabilities of different compositions produced in the gap in each cycle. The different standoff voltage capabilities are produced by injecting different gases under fluidic switching control.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of operating a self-stabilizing discharge lamp provided with a discharge tube which is filled with sodium and xenon.According to the invention the discharge lamp is operated in such a manner that a sodium pressure is produced in the discharge space which results in a high luminous efficacy.

Abstract: A high intensity source produces light energy output principally in the 3A to 4300A spectral region. An envelope of material substantially transparent to light energy within the desired spectral region is sealed to contain xenon gas in an amount sufficient to produce at least one atmosphere of pressure in its unheated state and also mercury in an amount sufficient to develop a vapor pressure of not less than one atmosphere when the envelope is heated to an operative temperature. Electrically conductive electrodes communicate with the interior of the sealed envelope forming a gap therebetween which becomes a conductive arc upon connection of external terminals of the electrodes to a source of pulsed electrical power. The sealed envelope and its contents are maintained at an operative temperature of the order of not less than approximately 500.degree. C, ensuring the vapor pressures required to produce the high intensity output within the desired spectral region.