Abstract: In a circular accelerator that applies a radiofrequency wave in a main magnetic field to accelerate charged particle beam while increasing an orbit radius, another radiofrequency wave with a frequency different from the radiofrequency wave used for acceleration is applied to the charged particle beam in order to extract the charged particle beam. Thereby, in the circular accelerator that accelerates charged particle beam while increasing an orbit radius by applying a radiofrequency wave in a main magnetic field, the high precision control on extraction of the charged particle beam from the circular accelerator is achieved.

Abstract: In a circular accelerator that applies a radiofrequency wave in a main magnetic field to accelerate charged particle beam while increasing an orbit radius, another radiofrequency wave with a frequency different from the radiofrequency wave used for acceleration is applied to the charged particle beam in order to extract the charged particle beam. Thereby, in the circular accelerator that accelerates charged particle beam while increasing an orbit radius by applying a radiofrequency wave in a main magnetic field, the high precision control on extraction of the charged particle beam from the circular accelerator is achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for generating a thermodynamically cold plasma under standard atmospheric conditions by injecting microwave radiation at a frequency of >3 GHz into a plasma chamber (6) and subsequent superposition of a plurality of waves with constructive interference. The microwave radiation, which is generated in specifically geometrically arranged, preferably cylindrical resonant cavities in an evacuated anode block, is coupled out via hollow waveguides (5) and fed to a separated plasma chamber (6). Using the combination of a plurality of microwave generators (7) it is possible to inject a multiplicity of microwaves into the plasma chamber (6). A material stream, for example a process gas, can be fed in through an inlet (9) at the upper side of the plasma chamber and be discharged through an outlet for example in nozzle form at the lower side of the plasma chamber (6) and be fed to the surface that is to be processed.

Abstract: The object of the presently disclosed embodiment is to improve heat dissipation and an overall cooling efficiency to raise a peak oscillation output. To achieve the object, there is provided a coaxial magnetron having the following configuration: Around a cathode, vanes and an anode cylinder form an anode resonant cavity, and a cylindrical side body forms an outer cavity. An input side structure having an input part and an upper structure are joined to both ends of the cylindrical side body. One end of the anode cylinder is joined to the input side structure. A groove (or step) for adjusting the distance between the structures and at the both ends is provided, and the groove is joined to the other end of the anode cylinder.

Abstract: A novel magnetron achieves increased power output at high frequencies by replacing a typical resonant cavity with a slow-wave waveguide structure. Waveguides built into the anode body sustain oscillations having phase change coefficients of 2*pi*n radians per section, where n is a positive integer. The magnetron is capable of supporting RF oscillations at frequency harmonics of the fundamental frequency, permitting it to operate at frequencies double or quadruple that of a similarly sized conventional magnetron.

Abstract: A magnetron has an anode cylinder, ten vanes, three strap rings. The ten vanes are fixed to an inner surface of the anode cylinder and arranged in a radial pattern of which center is at an axis of the anode cylinder. Each of the three strap rings connects vanes that are alternatively arranged. A first strap ring and a third strap ring are arranged on a first end of the vanes in a direction of axis, and a second strap ring is arranged on a second end that is opposite to the first end. Outer diameter of the second strap ring is equal to inner diameter of the first strap ring and outer diameter of the third strap ring is equal to inner diameter of the second strap ring.

Abstract: A conventional (non-relativistic) magnetron provides megawatt-levels of power. The magnetron includes a fourteen vane slow wave structure that surrounds a fourteen turn helical cathode. An upstream coaxial waveguide is surrounded by a dish-shaped flange that accommodates a reflector chamber in communication with an upstream void and a downstream interaction chamber. The vanes of the slow wave structure are shaped to define fourteen resonant chambers therebetween with each of the resonant cavities having a wedge portion in communication with a neck portion.

Abstract: A magnetron has an anode and a cathode. The cathode includes two parts joined by sleeves of ferrous alloy spaced by a sleeve of insulating material. The ferrous alloy sleeves are adapted to be connected to opposite poles of a power supply for heating the cathode. A high frequency power supply is used to heat the cathode. The ferrous alloy sleeves have a surface coating of conductive material. The currents induced by the magnetic field generated by the high frequency currents of the power supply are largely confined to the conductive coating due to the skin effect, avoiding the heating of and losses in the ferrous alloy itself which would otherwise ensue.

Abstract: The object of the presently disclosed embodiment is to improve heat dissipation and an overall cooling efficiency to raise a peak oscillation output. To achieve the object, there is provided a coaxial magnetron having the following configuration: Around a cathode, vanes and an anode cylinder form an anode resonant cavity, and a cylindrical side body forms an outer cavity. An input side structure having an input part and an upper structure are joined to both ends of the cylindrical side body. One end of the anode cylinder is joined to the input side structure. A groove (or step) for adjusting the distance between the structures and at the both ends is provided, and the groove is joined to the other end of the anode cylinder.

Abstract: A magnetron includes: an anode cylinder including anode vanes provided at a predetermined interval on an inner peripheral surface thereof; a center lead including a first linear portion, a second linear portion disposed parallel to the first linear portion and disposed out of alignment with the first linear portion in a plane perpendicular to an axial direction of the anode cylinder, and a bent portion which connects the first linear portion to the second linear portion; and a cathode filament supported by the center lead within the anode cylinder and placed coaxially with the anode cylinder. The center lead is formed so as to become bent between the first linear portion and the second linear portion by the bent portion. A position of one anode vane closest to the bent portion is higher than a position of another anode vane with respect to the axial direction.

Abstract: A novel magnetron achieves increased power output at high frequencies by replacing a typical resonant cavity with a slow-wave waveguide structure. Waveguides built into the anode body sustain oscillations having phase change coefficients of 2*pi*n radians per section, where n is a positive integer. The magnetron is capable of supporting RF oscillations at frequency harmonics of the fundamental frequency, permitting it to operate at frequencies double or quadruple that of a similarly sized conventional magnetron.

Abstract: Bulk metamaterial cathodes for multi-cavity magnetrons characterized by specific metal-thin-wire medium lattice topologies are used to improve the magnetron output characteristics, including faster startup times and higher microwave radiation powers.

Abstract: A crossed field device, such as a magnetron or crossed field amplifier, that includes a cathode, an anode, one or more magnetic elements, and one or more extraction elements. In one embodiment, the crossed field device includes an annular cathode and anode that are axially spaced from one another such that the device produces an axial electric (E) field and a radial magnetic (B) field. In another embodiment, the crossed field device includes an oval-shaped cathode and anode that are radially spaced from one another such that the device produces a radial electric (E) field and an axial magnetic (B) field. The crossed field device may produce electromagnetic (EM) emissions having a frequency ranging from megahertz (MHz) to terahertz (THz), and may be used in one of a number of different applications.

Abstract: In each anode vane 10, there is provided the brazing material spreading prevention groove 13 that interconnects the strap ring inserting portions 11 and 12 in parallel to the direction of the central axis Ax. With such a configuration, it is possible to prevent the residual brazing material 3a from spreading to the front end part 10a of the anode vane 10 when each anode vane 10 is brazed on the inner peripheral surface of the anode cylinder 1. Therefore, non-uniformity in thickness of the anode vanes 10 caused by the residual brazing material 3a is suppressed, and electrostatic capacity between the anode vanes 10 adjacent to each other becomes substantially constant. Thus, it is possible to obtain stable resonant frequency. In addition, it becomes easy to perform adjustment for obtaining the stable resonant frequency in that non-uniformity in initial frequency of the time when the magnetron is completely assembled decreases.

Abstract: An optical communication system is provided which includes an optical signal transmitter which communicates high bandwidth, high power frequencies. The optical signal transmitter includes a high efficiency/high power optical source such as an optical magnetron or a phased array source of electromagnetic radiation, and a modulator element. The modulator element may be within a resonance cavity of the high efficiency/high power optical source (intra cavity) or external to the cavity (extra cavity). The modulator element serves to modulate output radiation of the high efficiency/high power optical source to produce a modulated high frequency optical signal which may be transmitted through the air. The optical signal transmitter is particularly useful in providing the last mile connection between cable service operators and end users.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation source is disclosed that produces a single mode operation at a desired operating frequency. The electromagnetic radiation source is included in a wide variety of applications including a wireless power transmission system, a system for providing wireless/high-bandwidth communications in accordance with the present invention, a lighting system, an irradiation system, a weapons system, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnetron which can conduct more magnetic flux in the active space at the periphery of a cathode structure to thereby further improve the efficiency of a magnetic circuit. The magnetron of the present invention includes an anode cylinder on which inner wall a plurality of anode vanes are provided, a pole piece provided on an end side of the anode cylinder, a circular magnet provided on the vicinity of the pole piece, and a magnet ring provided between the anode cylinder and the circular magnet. An outer diameter of the magnet ring is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the circular magnet and larger than or equal to the outer diameter of the anode cylinder. The magnet ring has a portion on a surface of the pole piece side whose normal line is non-parallel to the central axis of the anode cylinder.

Abstract: A magnetron is provided including a yoke having an internal space, a first magnet provided at one end of the internal space, a second magnet provided at a second end of the internal space, the second magnet being axially spaced from the first magnet. Further, an anode cylinder that generates radio frequency energy may be provided axially between the first and second magnets, a first pole piece and a second pole piece may be provided proximate first and second openings of the anode cylinder, respectively. Additionally, the magnetron may also include a seal that intercepts external leakage, the seal may have an inward protrusion extending axially towards the anode cylinder; and a choke filter that intercepts external leakage provided proximate the seal.

Abstract: In a magnetron having a body 1 defining an anode 2 divided into resonant cavities 4 by vanes 3 and having a coaxial cathode 5, r.f. energy produced when a magnetic field is applied parallel to the axis of the anode is launched along a waveguide 8 by an antenna 6 in an evacuated region of the magnetron closed by a dielectric window 19. The latter has sector shaped conducting areas on its surface symmetrically arranged with respect to the antenna, the inductance of which balance the capacitance of the dielectric window, thereby reducing reflections at the window.

Abstract: A magnetron of the type having a strap ring has protruding regions of the strap ring arranged so as to increase the capacitance between the strap ring and another strap ring or between the strap ring and anode vanes. Increasing the capacitance at selected portions of the strap ring allows control of the frequency response of the magnetron.

Abstract: A magnetron which generates a high-frequency energy in the Terahertz band is provided. The magnetron includes a cathode unit, which is connected to a terminal of a power source, and which selectively emits an electron according to when power is supplied; an anode block, which is connected to another terminal of the power source, and which has an operation chamber in which the emitted electron moves; and one or more resonance cavities which generate a high-frequency energy by a movement of the emitted electron; and a pair of magnet units forming a magnetic field in the operation chamber.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation source is disclosed. The electromagnetic radiation source includes an anode having a first conductor, a second conductor positioned relative to the first conductor, a plurality of pole pieces coupled to at least one of the first conductor and the second, and at least one mechanical phase reversal positioned along the first conductor or second conductor. Adjacent pole pieces are separated by a gap. The electromagnetic radiation source also includes a cathode separated from the anode by an anode-cathode space, electrical contacts for applying a dc voltage between the anode and the cathode and establishing an electric field across the anode-cathode space, and at least one magnet arranged to provide a dc magnetic field within the anode-cathode space generally normal to the electric field.

Abstract: An optical communication system is provided which includes an optical signal transmitter which communicates high bandwidth, high power frequencies. The optical signal transmitter includes a high efficiency/high power optical source such as an optical magnetron or a phased array source of electromagnetic radiation, and a modulator element. The modulator element may be within a resonance cavity of the high efficiency/high power optical source (intra cavity) or external to the cavity (extra cavity). The modulator element serves to modulate output radiation of the high efficiency/high power optical source to produce a modulated high frequency optical signal which may be transmitted through the air. The optical signal transmitter is particularly useful in providing the last mile connection between cable service operators and end users.

Abstract: A high-power relativistic magnetron wherein the cathode geometry is shaped to form a DC electric field that has a non-negligible azimuthal component causing preferential selection of the pi mode at startup (suppression of mode competition), a significant increase in radiated power output and time integrated efficiency when compared to standard relativistic magnetron cathode designs.

Abstract: A magnetron includes an anode having at least one vane defining a plurality of cavities and a dielectric resonator in communication with the at least one vane. The dielectric resonator is arranged to at least partially absorb radiation generated in a predetermined mode of operation of the magnetron.

Abstract: A high-power microwave generator employing a plurality of inexpensive commercial magnetron tubes cross-coupled by means of a secondary coupling path between each magnetron output pair, whereby a portion of the output energy from a first magnetron tube is injected into a second magnetron tube and a portion of the output energy from the second magnetron tube is similarly injected into the first magnetron tube. The resulting cross-injection of microwave energies brings the respective magnetron tube pair into a phase-lock sufficiently stable to permit coherent combination of their outputs for many high-power microwave applications, such as directed energy weapon systems. The magnetron phase-locking system requires no external components other than the secondary coupling paths of this invention.

Abstract: In a magnetron 41, when a radius of a flat portion 45b of a pole piece 45 is Rp, a radius of the inner circumference of a large-diameter equalizing ring 51 is Rs2, Rp?Rs2, a radius of the outer circumference of a small-diameter equalizing ring is Rs1, a radius of a circle inscribed in a leading edge of an anode vane is Ra, and a minimum length between the pole pieces in the axial direction is Lg, the values of Ra, Rs1, Rs2, and Lg are set such that the following Expressions 1 and 2 are established: 1.85Ra?(Rs1+Rs2)/2?1.96Ra, and[Expression 1] 2.84Ra?Lg?3.0Ra.

Abstract: A pulse magnetron includes a cylindrical shell anode, a cathode provided at the center of the anode having a number of vanes mounted radially on an inner wall of the cylindrical anode shell, and a pair of pole pieces provided for applying a magnetic field to an interaction space where the outer side of the cathode is opposed to inner ends of the vanes. The anode and the cathode are arranged to satisfy at least either (i) increasing the radius of the inscribed circle defined by the inner ends of the vanes or (ii) decreasing the radius of the cathode surface as the magnetic flux density along the axial direction of the cathode at both ends of the inner end of the height of the vanes.

Abstract: Anode with a 2450 MHz resonance frequency, and magnetron therewith, the anode including a cylindrical anode body with an inside diameter in a range of 32.5 to 34.0 mm, a total of ten vanes fitted to an inside circumferential surface of the anode body in a radial direction, and an inner strap and an outer strap provided to both of an upper surface and a lower surface of each vane, a distance of the inner strap and the outer strap being in a range of 0.8 to 1.2 mm, and each of the inner strap and outer strap being in contact with every second vanes for electrical connection of the vanes alternately. The anode body and the vanes are formed as one unit for simplification of a fabrication process.

Abstract: In a magnetron anode, an anode surrounds a central cathode. The anode is of a segmented structure having a plurality of annular segments stacked together along its length. Each annular segment includes a strap, the strap being distributed substantially along the entire axial length of the anode vanes. This enables mode separation to be achieved, even for long anode lengths and, hence, permits high power operation to be achieved. In addition, the segmented structure of the anode gives a mechanically robust design.

Abstract: A magnetron for a microwave oven includes a yoke, an anode cylindrical body installed inside the yoke, a plurality of veins mounted inside the anode cylindrical body, a filament installed in a center of the veins, and an upper magnet and a lower magnet respectively mounted on an upper side and a lower side of the anode cylindrical body. The magnetron also includes an upper pole piece and a lower pole piece respectively installed between the anode cylindrical body and the upper and lower magnets. A length (L) from an external tip of a central part of the upper pole piece to an internal tip thereof, on which a hollow part is formed, is adjusted to suppress harmonics in the magnetron. Thus, generation of the harmonics may be effectively attenuated, and an output of a microwave may be enhanced by preventing power consumption of the magnetron which may be large due to interrupting harmonics.

Abstract: A magnetron comprises an anode (2) having vaner (3a, 3b) which define a plurality of cavities. A dielectric resonator (7) is located such that it is in communication with at least one of the vanes (3a, 3b). In use, the dielectric resonator (7) at least partially absorbs spurious radiation generated in a predetermined mode of operation of the magnetron, such as the &pgr;-1 mode. Power generated in the &pgr;-1 mode, if transmitted, may interfere with other electronic devices. The resonator (7) may be of ceramics material, such as alumina.

Abstract: An electromagnetic radiation source is provided which includes an anode and a cathode separated by an anode-cathode space. The source further includes electrical contacts for applying a dc voltage between the anode and the cathode and establishing an electric field across the anode-cathode space. At least one magnet is arranged to provide a dc magnetic field within the anode-cathode space generally normal to the electric field. A plurality of openings are formed along a surface of the anode which defines the anode-cathode space, whereby electrons emitted from the cathode are influenced by the electric and magnetic fields to follow a path through the anode-cathode space and pass in close proximity to the openings.

Abstract: In a magnetron apparatus in accordance with the present invention, a first notch 17, a second notch 19 and a third notch 20 are formed in each of anode segments 15 disposed radially inside an anode cylinder 6, whereby the passage of high-frequency current flowing through the resonator comprising the two anode segments 15 adjacent to each other, the anode cylinder 6 and strap rings 9 and 10 is made narrow and long.

Abstract: A magnetron has an anode cylinder, a plurality of vanes extending radially inwardly from the anode cylinder, a cathode filament extending along a center axis of the anode cylinder, an output section including an antenna coupled to one of the vanes, and a magnetic circuit section for supplying a magnetic field into the anode cylinder, whereby the magnetron oscillates at a fundamental frequency in a range from 400 MHz to 600 MHz.

Abstract: Magnetron including a cylindrical anode having a resonant space formed therein and a cathode fitted therein, magnets fitted to upper and lower sides of the anode, a yoke fitted on outsides of the anode and the magnets to form a closed circuit, and cooling devices including a main cooling device to form a heat discharge path from the anode, and a supplementary cooling device to form a heat discharge path from the magnet direct or indirectly, wherein the main cooling device is an anode heat conductor having one end closely fitted to an outside surface of the anode, and the other end passed to the yoke and exposed to an external air, and the supplementary cooling device includes a magnet heat conductor closely fitted to an outside surface of the magnet, the magnet heat conductor having one side in contact with the outside case of the magnetron, or a yoke heat conductor closely fitted to an outside surface of a yoke plate, the yoke heat conductor having one side in contact with the outside case of the magnetron.

Abstract: In a magnetron anode, an anode (6) surrounds a central cathode (1). The anode (6) is of a segmented structure having a plurality of annular segments (9) stacked together along its length. Each annular segment (9) includes a strap (10), the strap being distributed substantially along the entire axial length of the anode vanes (8). This enables mode separation to be achieved, even for long anode lengths and hence permits high power operation to be achieved. In addition, the segmented structure of the anode gives a mechanically robust design.

Abstract: A high power magnetron is disclosed. The magnetron includes an anode. The anode has a cylinder positioned around a cathode, a plurality of vanes radially fixed to an inner wall of the cylinder, and straps mounted through the vanes. The inside diameter of the cylinder is 40-43 mm and the thickness of the cylinder is 2.8 mm or less. The magnetron is capable of not only reducing the thickness of its cylinder but also improving the thermal performance of the cylinder, thereby improving thermal stability of the cylinder, lengthening the life span of the cylinder and reducing the fabrication costs of the cylinder.

Abstract: A radio frequency magnetron device for generating radio frequency power includes a cathode at least partially formed from a diamond material. An anode is disposed concentrically around the cathode. An electron field is provided radially between the anode and the cathode. First and second oppositely charged pole pieces are operatively connected to the cathode for producing a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the electric field. A filament is provided within the electron tube which when heated produces primary electrons. Alternatively, a voltage is applied to the anode which causes primary electrons to emit from the diamond coated cathode. A portion of the primary electrons travel in a circular path and induce radio frequency power. Another portion of the primary electrons spiral back and collide with the cathode causing the emission of secondary electrons. The secondary electron emission sustains operation of the magnetron device once the device has been started.

Abstract: An anode structure for a magnetron includes T-shape anode vanes having a radially extensive component and a circumferentially extensive portion, the cylindrical faces of the circumferential portion facing a cathode in the complete magnetron. The use of T-shape vanes increases inductance and hence permits low frequency radiation to be generated without increasing the dimensions of the magnetron compared to those of a conventional magnetron. Also, capacitance is increased to give a further reduction in frequency by using more than two anode straps, and preferably four anode straps at each end of the anode structure. Preferably, the anode structure is incorporated in a magnetron in which a high magnetic field of the order of 500 Gauss for a magnetron operating at 100 MHZ is used. The anode shell itself may form part of the magnetic return path. Other anode vane configuration, for example L-shaped, may be used.

Abstract: In a magnetron apparatus and a manufacturing method of the present invention, the magnetron apparatus comprises an anode cylinder, and a plurality of plate-form anode segments radially arranged around a central axis of the anode cylinder inside the anode cylinder. The anode segments are pressed against an inner surface of the anode cylinder by a pin press-fit into the central portion of the anode cylinder, and a far-end-side end surface each of the anode segments is secured to the inner surface. A concave is provided in the central portion of an inner end surface where the anode segments come into contact with the pin.