Abstract: A composite material (11,21) for light filtering, comprising: a polymeric matrix material and particles of neodymium compound doped in the polymeric matrix material. A lighting apparatus (10,20) comprises the composite material. A method for determining a doping concentration of particles of neodymium compound in the composite material, and a method for determining a thickness of the composite material are also described.

Abstract: A flame lamp comprises a light module. An example light module comprises a circuit board having a first side and a second side and defining a module axis; and a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) packages. At least one LED package is mounted to each of the first and second side of the circuit board. The example light module further comprises an optical sleeve. The circuit board is mounted within the optical sleeve. The optical sleeve comprises a plurality of optical columns each having a light emitting surface. Each light emitting surface has a profile such that one or more profiles of one or more light emitting surfaces define an ellipse in a cross-section of the light module taken perpendicular to the module axis.

Abstract: An LED driving power supply based on 2.4 G remote controlling adjustment of brightness and color temperature, comprising: an LED driving circuit, connected between an output end of an AC power supply and an LED light source, and the LED light source comprises at least two sets of LED lamp strings with different color temperatures connected in parallel; a brightness adjustment circuit, connected to the LED driving circuit, for adjusting the current input to the LED light source by the LED driving circuit according to an input PWM signal; a color temperature adjustment circuit, connected to a loop of the LED driving circuit and the LED light source, for adjusting the current input to each LED lamp string according to an input PWM signal; a main control circuit, respectively outputting PWM signal to the brightness adjustment circuit and/or the color temperature adjustment circuit to control the operation of both.

Abstract: A light convergence module with a heat dissipation function is revealed. It comprises a substrate, an assembling unit, a light convergence lampshade, and a heat sink, wherein the assembling unit with a first surface assembling to the substrate and a second surface assembling to the light convergence lampshade comprises a locating block and a plurality of position limiting blocks for respectively engaging with a locating slot and a plurality of position limiting slots of the substrate, and two buckles for correspondingly clasping two concave slots of the substrate to limit the substrate in position, and wherein the heat sink comprises a plurality of interspaces formed between every two adjacent heat dissipation fins for securing the buckles of the assembling unit and allowing the heat sink to closely dispose on the substrate.

Abstract: A light fixture, comprising a matrix, a plurality of electrical sockets fixedly secured to the matrix and forming a rigid matrix of electrical sockets electrically interconnected in two dimensions. One or more light emitting diode modules are individually removable and replaceable within any individual electrical socket within the matrix. Each individual light emitting diode module includes a base and a light emitting diode, wherein the base is configured and arranged for fitted electrical engagement within the electrical socket.

Abstract: A connector for electronic device includes a cylindrical body, an end cap formed at one end of the cylindrical body that includes a first section and a second section, wherein the first section is formed between the end cap and the second section, the end cap has a diameter bigger than that of the first section, and the first section has a diameter bigger than that of the second section, and a circumferential wall of the second section at least partially has threads, and an insulator circumferentially formed in one piece on the first section, wherein the end cap comprises a first electrical contact surface on an end surface facing the first section, and the first section includes a second electrical contact surface on an end surface facing the second section, and the first electrical contact surface and the second electrical contact surface are insulated from the first section.

Abstract: A high-pressure gas discharge lamp unit 10 is described including a burner 14 with a discharge vessel 18. The burner 14 comprises electrical contact leads 22,24 and protrudes from and is fixed to a lamp cap housing 12, so that at least a first of the contact leads 22, 24 extends into the housing 12. A lamp operating circuit 50 is arranged within the housing 12, electrically connected to the electrical contact leads 22, 24. In order to allow a particularly compact lamp unit, the housing comprises a bottom plate 44 made out of a metal material to dissipate heat, which comprises an opening 68 into which a cap element 60 made out of an electrically insulating material is inserted to enclose a first electrical contact lead 22.

Abstract: A light-emitting lamp has a bulb shell, a convective accelerator, a light-emitting filament and a bulb base. The bulb shell defines an interior volume filled with a filling gas, and comprises a first transparent material. The convective accelerator is disposed within the interior volume, and comprises a second transparent material. The convective accelerator contains a flue with first and second openings. The light-emitting filament is disposed within the flue, comprising a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting elements. When the light-emitting filament emits light to generate heat, the flue allows a convection flow of the filling gas to pass into one of the first and second openings. The bulb base supports the bulb shell and the light-emitting filament, and has electrical conductors in electrical communication with the light-emitting filament. The first and the second openings have different distances apart from the bulb base.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light bulb which utilizes LEDs which replaces an incandescent light bulb in a fixture for incandescent light bulbs. The LED light bulb includes a multi-faceted head on which multiple LEDs are placed, with the multi-faceted head being in contact with heat dissipation structures. The heat dissipation structures include a heat transfer column which extends from the LEDs to the base of the bulb. A removable cover is enclosed which has openings for air circulation within the globe of the light bulb.

Abstract: A lamp including a primary light source and a secondary light source, and a secondary light source control circuit configured to provide an operating voltage to the secondary light source. The secondary light source control circuit including a resistance element having an initial resistance which changes in response to being exposed to a temperature above a predetermined threshold. The secondary light source control circuit including a charging branch resistance-capacitance time constant that is configured to change with a change in the resistance element resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compact discharge lamp capable of preventing the heat from a discharge tube from damaging circuit elements of a stabilizer. The compact discharge lamp includes: the discharge tube having a structure that provides a stabilizer-accommodating space at the center thereof and including an electrode; a bulb base coupled to an end portion of the stabilizer housing; a stabilizer printed circuit board that is accommodated in the stabilizer housing and is provided with stabilizer circuit elements configured to initiate a discharge by being supplied with electric power from the bulb base and by supplying the electric power to the electrode; and a connection space-forming unit that provides a separate connection space near a circumferential surface of the stabilizer housing in order to electrically connect a stabilizer electric power line extending from the stabilizer printed circuit board with the electrode.

Abstract: Various apparatuses and methods are disclosed for a remotely controllable LED lamp. One embodiment of an LED lamp includes at least one LED in each of a plurality of colors, a power supply, and a controller connected to the power supply and the at least one LED in each of a plurality of colors. The controller is adapted to adjust current levels to the at least one LED in each of a plurality of colors to produce a blended color. The controller is also adapted to adjustably vary an intensity of the blended color without substantially changing the blended color.

Abstract: An electric light having a semiconductor mounted to a base (6). The semiconductor, preferably a LED is at least partly surrounded by a liquid container (18), which is filled with liquid such that the liquid is in thermal conducting path with the liquid and the base. The light emitted from the semiconductor passes through the liquid. An electronic ballast (16) is provided in the base between supply contacts (8) and semi conductor (2).

Abstract: The invention provides a self-ballasted lamp having high heat radiation performance, which is lightweight and inexpensive. A substrate having LED elements mounted is provided at one edge side of the radiator, and a cap is provided at the other edge side the radiator. A lighting circuit is accommodated between the radiator and the cap. The radiator includes a cylindrical cover member and an annular radiation member fitted to the outer circumferential part of the cover member and is composed by combining the cover member and the radiation member together. The cover member and the radiation member are made of metal and are formed by press-working.

Abstract: Fluorescent lamps, along with their methods of manufacture and use, are provided. The fluorescent lamp can include a discharge tube extending from a first end to a second end; a resistive transparent coating (e.g., a tin oxide thin film layer, such as a fluor-doped tin oxide thin film layer) on the outer surface of the discharge tube; and a pair of electric terminals positioned on the discharge tube such that a first terminal is on the first end and a second terminal is on the second end.

Abstract: An illumination device comprises a bulb connector, a body structure and an insulating layer between the bulb connector and a first end portion of the body structure. The illumination device further comprises a first plurality of light emitting diodes arranged towards the first end portion of the body structure and a second light source comprising at least one light emitting diode arranged towards the second end portion of the body structure. A heat sink extends from the body structure and a controller within the body structure receives power through the bulb connector and supplies power to each of the light emitting diodes. As such, the illumination device can directly replace an incandescent bulb. Thus for example, the illumination device can replace an incandescent bulb of a traffic light without requiring changes to the compartment, fixture, reflector, or window/lens.

Abstract: The present application relates to a lighting applications. In particular, the present application describes examples of lighting fixtures and light bulbs containing a light transmissive optic. The orientation of the solid state emitters together with the contoured output surface of the light transmissive optic produce a tailored light output distribution over a designated planar surface. The light generated by the solid state light emitters is of a sufficient intensity to illuminate the designated planar surface.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (35) is described, which comprises a light-emitting structure designed to emit light when it is powered, and a delay structure designed to delay a propagation of at least two power signal pulses (4a_left, 4b_right, 4a_top, 4b_bottom) having a temporal relationship with one another and such a signal strength that a part of the light-emitting structure is driven in dependence on coincidence of the power signal pulses at said part of the light-emitting structure, and a terminal structure designed to receive the at least two power signal pulses (4a_left, 4b_right, 4a_top, 4b_bottom) and to feed the delay structure at its different positions with the at least two power signal pulses (4a_left, 4b_right, 4a_top, 4b_bottom). A circuit for powering said light-emitting structure, as well as a method of operating said organic light-emitting diode (35) is also described.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a power converter contained base, lamp with power converter contained base and lamp with separable power converter contained base. The power converter contained base comprises a first commercial standard base, fundament, cover, power converter and a first connector. The fundament comprises a first opening connected to the commercial standard base and a second opening where the cover disposed. A containing space may be defined by the cover, base and the first commercial standard base. The power converter may be disposed inside the containing space. The first connector may be disposed on the cover or the fundament to be connected with a second connector of a light-emitting member to make the four elements, the first commercial standard base, the power converter, the one of or the combination of two or three of, the fundament, the cover and the connector, and the light-emitting member become electrically connected.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes a heat dissipator having two ends, a module substrate which is fixed to one end of the heat dissipator and on which an LED chip is mounted, a cap mounted via a cylindrical insulator on the other end of the heat dissipator, a lighting circuit which is disposed in the heat dissipator and/or the cap to supply electric power to the LED chip, the lighting circuit being electrically connected to the cap, and a dimming volume having a rotating shaft and variably adjusting an amount of light or a color temperature of the LED chip according to an amount of rotation of the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft being operably mounted on the heat dissipator or the insulator.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide lighting systems that employ light-emitting diode (LED) chips as active lighting elements. Heat management components for the LED chips employed in the lighting sources are provided. In embodiments of the invention, LED chips are cooled by one or more heatspreaders and heat sinks attached to a substrate that houses the LED chip and/or the topside of the LED chip.

Abstract: A sensing type lighting device includes a lighting main body, a sensing element, and an electromagnetic wireless communication module. The lighting main body includes a controlling circuit and a light source set. The sensing element and the electromagnetic wireless communication module are disposed within the lighting main body. A controlling method for a sensing type lighting group includes the following steps. Firstly, a first lighting device with a first sensing element and a first electromagnetic wireless communication module is provided. Then, a second lighting device with a second electromagnetic wireless communication module is provided. According to an environmental sensing result of the first sensing element, a communication channel between the first and second electromagnetic wireless communication modules is established. Consequently, a light intensity of the first lighting device and/or the second lighting device is correspondingly controlled.

Abstract: As an aspect of an embodiment, an electric discharge lamp unit includes a casing which houses an integrated circuit for lighting an electric discharge lamp, and a support member which supports the electric discharge lamp and is integrated with the casing. The casing is filled with filler. The center of the support member in the vertical direction is higher than the center of the casing in the vertical direction and the center of the integrated circuit in the vertical direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electroluminescent device for emitting light having an adjustable color point. An electroluminescent region (1) emits light in response to a lighting current and a heating element (7) applies heat to the electroluminescent region A heating control unit (9) controls the heating element (7) in applying the heat in order to adjust the color point of the emitted light. The color point of the light emitted by the electroluminescent device is dependent on the temperature of the electroluminescent region (1). Since the electroluminescent device comprises a heating element (7) for applying heat to the electroluminescent region (1) and a heating control unit (9) for controlling the heating element (7) in applying the heat, the color point can be adjusted in a simple way by using the heating control unit (9).

Abstract: A light-emitting module includes a light-emitting diode (LED) package, in which an LED is implemented, and a resistor, connected to the LED in series, which is placed in the position subject to a change in temperature of the LED package. The resistor has a positive temperature coefficient. The volume resistivity of the resistor at 0° C. is preferably 2×10?8 [?·m] or above. The temperature coefficient of the resistor in a range of 0° C. to 100° C. is preferably 0.05 [10?3/° C.] or above.

Abstract: A thermal protection circuit, and system and method including same, is provided. The circuit includes a variable impedance circuit configured to be coupled to a constant current source and a plurality of solid state light sources. The constant current source provides a current to the plurality of solid state light sources and provides an output voltage to establish a supply voltage for the circuit. The circuit also includes a temperature sensor configured to sense a temperature of the plurality of solid state light sources. The circuit also includes a control circuit configured to receive the supply voltage and to drive the variable impedance circuit based on the sensed temperature, to adjust the current to the plurality of solid state light sources when the supply voltage is a least a minimum supply voltage of the control circuit.

Abstract: A circuit includes a component connected (i) to a rectifier, and (ii) between electrodes of a lamp. The electrodes include a first electrode and a second electrode. A control module is in communication with the rectifier and is configured to receive a temperature signal from a temperature sensor. The temperature signal is indicative of a temperature of the component. The control module is also configured to decrease current to the electrodes for a predetermined period when the temperature of the component is greater than a first predetermined temperature. The control module is further configured to increase the current to the electrodes when the predetermined period expires and independent of the temperature of the component.

Abstract: A plasma supply device generates an output power greater than 500 W at an essentially constant basic frequency greater than 3 MHz and powers a plasma process to which is supplied the generated output power, and from which reflected power is returned to the plasma supply device. The plasma supply device includes at least one inverter connected to a DC power supply, which inverter has at least one switching element, and an output network, wherein the at least one output network includes at least one inductance that has at least one magnetic field strengthening element that is a Perminvar ferrite.

Abstract: An inner coupling tubular type electrodeless lamp comprises a glass bulb, an amalgam, and a power coupler. The glass bulb includes an external portion and an inner portion. A gas discharging cavity that is annularly airtight is defined by an envelopment of the external portion and the inner portion. A coupling cavity is defined in the inner portion. The power coupler includes a radiating post, a ferrite core, and a winding sequentially situating from an interior to an exterior thereof. The power coupler is disposed in the coupling cavity. Two ends of the coupling cavity are intercommunicated with each other as well as the exterior. The external portion of the glass bulb adopts the elongated tube. Wherein, a length of the ferrite core of the power coupler is not smaller than a half length of the coupling cavity. A length of the winding is measured from one-fifth to four-fifth of the length of the coupling cavity to evenly distribute an electromagnetic field.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes: an LED module; a power supply part supplying electricity to the LED module; a heat sink releasing heat generated by the LED module; a cap containing in the inside at least a part of the power supply part; and an insulating member located between the cap and the heat sink. In the insulating member, one end side has a connection part connected to the inside of the cap. The connection part has an opening part conducting heat from the power supply part to the cap. Since the opening part is provided in the connection part connected to the inside of the cap, a part of the power supply part is arranged in the inside of the cap without being blocked by the insulating member.

Abstract: A lighting system for creating a biological effect induced by light. The biological effect is a different effect than vision. The lighting system comprises a light source (1) to generate light with a varying spectrum, and a driver (2) to drive the light source (1) to successively in time: (i) generate a first spectrum (S1) during a first period in time (T1), (ii) change the first spectrum (S1) into a second spectrum (S2) during a second period in time (T2), wherein the second spectrum (S2) has the biological effect, and (iii) maintain the second spectrum (S2) during a third period in time (T3). The duration of the second period in time (T2) is selected in a range from 5 seconds to 30 minutes. The first spectrum (S1) may not have the biological effect or may have the biological effect to a smaller extent than the second spectrum (S2).

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for controlling the light output of a lamp, where lamp efficacy is estimated as a function of estimated lamp temperature and instantaneous input power, or as a function of estimated lamp temperature only. Whether efficacy is estimated as a function of temperature and power, or as a function of temperature only can depend on changes in the lamp operating scenario. The techniques estimate lamp temperature by tracking energy input to and losses from (losses such as radiation, conduction, emission) the lamp arc tube, and determine the corresponding instantaneous light producing ability. The techniques may further be implemented to deliver the appropriate power command to obtain a desired light output. The techniques can be applied towards a general control in which arbitrary or custom light output vs. time paths are produced, and may be implemented by a processor programmed or otherwise configured to execute the desired control scheme.

Abstract: A lighting device may include a substrate attached to one edge side of a radiator and a cover may be attached to cover the substrate. Heat-radiating fins may be provided on the other edge side of the radiator and an air-cooling unit may be rotatably provided inside the heat-radiating fins, thereby enabling freely rotation. In one or more examples, a case storing a circuit part is attached to the other edge side of the radiator and a cap is provided to the case. By the air flow from the air-cooling unit, the heat-radiating fins are caused to be a part of the ventilation path to allow for ventilation of the inside of the radiator.

Abstract: An electric light having a semiconductor mounted to a base (6). The semiconductor, preferably a LED is at least partly surrounded by a liquid container (18), which is filled with liquid such that the liquid is in thermal conducting path with the liquid and the base. The light emitted from the semiconductor passes through the liquid. An electronic ballast (16) is provided in the base between supply contacts (8) and semi conductor (2).

Abstract: LED module with integrated thermal spreader. In an aspect, an LED module is provided that includes an LED light source, a driver connected to energize the LED light source, and a thermal spreader thermally coupled to at least one of the LED light source and the driver, the thermal spreader configured to provide a thermal conduction path to conduct heat energy away from the LED module. In another aspect, a lighting device includes a heat sink and an LED module mated with the heat sink. The LED module includes an LED light source, a driver connected to energize the LED light source, and a thermal spreader thermally coupled to at least one of the LED light source and the driver, the thermal spreader forming a thermal conduction path with the heat sink to conduct thermal energy away from the LED module.

Abstract: An integrated Light Emitting Diode (LED) device including multiple LEDs connected to a circuit board, integrated circuit (IC) drivers connected to the circuit board, and a first alternating current (AC) terminal and a second AC terminal connected to the circuit board.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) bulb has an LED within a shell. The LED bulb also includes a driver circuit for providing current to the LED. The drive circuit has a thermal protection circuit, which includes a thermistor having a positive thermal coefficient and a switching temperature. The driver circuit also includes a switch-mode power supply (SMPS) controller with an input pin and an output pin. The thermistor is connected to the input pin. When the thermistor temperature is above the switching temperature, the thermal protection circuit causes the SMPS controller to produce a signal with a second duty cycle on the output pin. When the thermistor temperature is below the switching temperature, the thermal protection circuit causes the SMPS controller to produce a signal with a first duty cycle on the output pin. The second duty cycle is higher than the first duty cycle.

Abstract: Solid state lighting devices and methods for heat dissipation with rotary cooling structures are described. An example solid state lighting device includes a solid state light source, a rotating heat transfer structure in thermal contact with the solid state light source, and a mounting assembly having a stationary portion. The mounting assembly may be rotatably coupled to the heat transfer structure such that at least a portion of the mounting assembly remains stationary while the heat transfer structure is rotating. Examples of methods for dissipating heat from electrical devices, such as solid state lighting sources are also described. Heat dissipation methods may include providing electrical power to a solid state light source mounted to and in thermal contact with a heat transfer structure, and rotating the heat transfer structure through a surrounding medium.

Abstract: Color temperature of a lighting apparatus that includes a first LED that emits a white light with a first color temperature and a second LED that emits a white light with a second color temperature is managed. The two LEDs are connected in parallel anode to cathode so that current flowing in one direction turns on the first LED and current flowing in the opposite direction turns on the second LED. A controller manages a duty cycle of an alternating current flowing through the two LEDs to control the color temperature and/or the brightness of the lighting apparatus.

Abstract: An illumination device comprises a bulb connector, a body structure and an insulating layer between the bulb connector and a first end portion of the body structure. The illumination device further comprises a first plurality of light emitting diodes arranged towards the first end portion of the body structure and a second light source comprising at least one light emitting diode arranged towards the second end portion of the body structure. A heat sink extends from the body structure and a controller within the body structure receives power through the bulb connector and supplies power to each of the light emitting diodes. As such, the illumination device can directly replace an incandescent bulb. Thus for example, the illumination device can replace an incandescent bulb of a traffic light without requiring changes to the compartment, fixture, reflector, or window/lens.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) lamp for producing a biologically-corrected light. In one embodiment, the LED lamp includes a color filter, which modifies the light produced by the lamp's LED chips, to increase spectral opponency and minimize melatonin suppression. In doing so, the lamp minimizes the biological effects that the lamp may have on a user. The LED lamp is appropriately designed to produce such biologically-correct light, while still maintaining a commercially acceptable color temperature and commercially acceptable color rending properties. Methods of manufacturing such a lamp are provided, as well as equivalent lamps and equivalent methods of manufacture.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) bulb has an LED within a shell. The LED bulb also includes a driver circuit for providing current to the LED. The drive circuit has a thermal protection circuit, which includes a thermistor having a positive thermal coefficient and a switching temperature. The driver circuit also includes a switch-mode power supply (SMPS) controller with an input pin and an output pin. The thermistor is connected to the input pin. When the thermistor temperature is above the switching temperature, the thermal protection circuit causes the SMPS controller to produce a signal with a second duty cycle on the output pin. When the thermistor temperature is below the switching temperature, the thermal protection circuit causes the SMPS controller to produce a signal with a first duty cycle on the output pin. The second duty cycle is higher than the first duty cycle.

Abstract: A flash lamp irradiation apparatus comprises at least one flash lamp having a bulb made of translucent material, two or more trigger members disposed along a tube axis of the at least one flash lamp, wherein voltage is simultaneously impressed to the two or more trigger members at lighting in order to emit light from the at least one flash lamp.

Abstract: A monitoring device for monitoring at least one fluorescent lamp, particularly in areas at risk of explosion, which fluorescent lamp has a lamp tube with electrodes arranged on the ends thereof in the form of coils, and lamp sockets assigned to said electrodes, is improved for preventing large temperature increases in a corresponding fluorescent lamp, particularly in areas at risk of explosion, by complying with the appropriate explosion safety measure, in that the monitoring device has at least one temperature measuring device assigned to a coil, and one electro-mechanical interruption device with which the energy supply to the fluorescent lamp can be interrupted upon reaching a preset critical temperature value.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring at least one fluorescent lamp, in particular in an explosion-hazard area, which fluorescent lamp has a lamp tube with electrodes arranged at its ends in the form of filaments, and has a ballast, is improved in order to avoid an excessive temperature increase while maintaining the appropriate explosion protection in that the monitoring apparatus has at least one temperature measurement device, associated with a filament, and an electronic interruption device, by means of which interruption device the power supply can be interrupted by means of the ballast on reaching a predetermined critical temperature. The invention likewise relates to a corresponding method for monitoring at least one fluorescent lamp, in particular in an explosion-hazard area. In this method, the temperature is first of all detected in the area of at least one filament of the fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: As an aspect of an embodiment, an electric discharge lamp unit includes a casing which houses an integrated circuit for lighting an electric discharge lamp, and a support member which supports the electric discharge lamp and is integrated with the casing. The casing is filled with filler. The center of the support member in the vertical direction is higher than the center of the casing in the vertical direction and the center of the integrated circuit in the vertical direction.

Abstract: The invention provides a self-ballasted lamp having high heat radiation performance, which is lightweight and inexpensive. A substrate having LED elements mounted is provided at one edge side of the radiator, and a cap is provided at the other edge side the radiator. A lighting circuit is accommodated between the radiator and the cap. The radiator includes a cylindrical cover member and an annular radiation member fitted to the outer circumferential part of the cover member and is composed by combining the cover member and the radiation member together. The cover member and the radiation member are made of metal and are formed by press-working.

Abstract: Provided is a lighting unit and a discharge lamp each of which is capable of causing a capacitor to break down by heat generated in a heat generating component, so that circuit operation is safely terminated without any additional cost. A compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp is provided with a lighting unit (50) housed in a case. The lighting unit (50) causes an arc tube to emit light and is composed of a plurality of electronic components, including a rectifier/smoothing circuit portion, an inverter circuit portion having transistors (Q1 and Q2), a resonant circuit portion, and a preheating circuit portion having a positive temperature coefficient element. Among the plurality of electronic components, the transistors (Q1 and Q2) and the positive temperature coefficient element generate excessive heat when, for example, the lamp is operated at the end of electrode's life.

Abstract: A system for cooling an electronic display where an isolating structure may be used to allow ambient air to cool power modules. The isolating structure substantially prohibits containments which may be present within the ambient air from contacting sensitive electrical components on the power modules or otherwise. A gasket may be used to seal the interface between the power modules and the isolating structure. Heat sinks may be placed in thermal communication with the power supplies and fans may draw air through a narrow channel in which the heat sinks are located. In some embodiments the narrow channel may have the opposing surface of the channel defined by the rear portion of an LED assembly. Exemplary embodiments may use the ambient air to cool both the power modules and a closed loop of isolated gas within the electronic display.

Abstract: A light source device which can prevent a large-sized structure of the device, a light source device which can improve assembling efficiency and maintainability of the device, and an image forming method and apparatus in which occurrence of moisture condensation can be prevented, are provided. An LED substrate in which a large number of light emitting diodes (LED) are arranged on the surface thereof in a two-dimensional manner, a base, a Peltier element, and a radiating fin are formed integrally by urging force of a compression spring. The radiating fin is disposed in contact with a light source housing body. Further, in carrying out temperature adjustment control using the Peltier element, the temperature adjustment control is carried out only when the internal temperature of the device in which a light source device is provided, is a predetermined temperature or higher.