Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an accelerating apparatus for a radiation device. The accelerating apparatus may include a plurality of acceleration cavity units including a plurality of acceleration cavities. Each of the plurality of acceleration cavity units may be configured to accelerate a radiation beam passing through an acceleration cavity. And the accelerating apparatus may further include a plurality of coupling cavity units each of which may include a coupling cavity. Two adjacent acceleration cavities may be electromagnetically coupled via the coupling cavity. The plurality of acceleration cavity units may have a plurality of holes each of which may be configured to be in fluidic communication with the corresponding coupling cavity. And an edge region of each of at least a portion of the plurality of holes may include continuously varying curvatures.

Abstract: A high gradient linear accelerating structure can propagate high frequency waves at a negative harmonic to accelerate low-energy ions. The linear accelerating structure can provide a gradient of 50 MV/m for particles at a ? of between 0.3 and 0.4. The high gradient structure can be a part of a linear accelerator configured to provide an energy range from an ion source to 450 MeV/u for 12C6+ and 250 MeV for protons. The linear accelerator can include one or more of the following sections: a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator operating at the sub-harmonic of the S-band frequency, a high gradient structure for the energy range from ˜45 MeV/u to ˜450 MeV/u.

Abstract: An X-ray generation system is configured to generate an X-ray beam configured to be delivered to a patient undergoing radiation therapy. The X-ray generation system includes a linear accelerator system configured to generate an electron beam configured to impinge a target configured to respond to the incident electron beam by emitting an X-ray beam configured to deliver an X-ray dose rate to the patient in a range of 40 Gy/s to 1000 Gy/s within a treatment delivery window.

Abstract: An apparatus may include a drift tube assembly having a plurality of drift tubes to conduct an ion beam along a beam propagation direction. The plurality of drift tubes may define a multi-gap configuration corresponding to a plurality of acceleration gaps, wherein at least one powered drift tube of the drift tube assembly is coupled to receive an RF voltage signal. The apparatus may also include a DC electrode assembly that includes a conductor line, arranged within a resonator coil that is coupled to receive a DC voltage signal into the at least one powered drift tube. The DC electrode assembly may also include a DC electrode arrangement, connected to the conductor line and disposed within the at least one powered drift tube.

Abstract: Embodiments herein are directed to a linear accelerator assembly for an ion implanter. In some embodiments, a LINAC may include a coil resonator and a plurality of drift tubes coupled to the coil resonator by a set of flexible leads.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a smart automatic frequency control (AFC) apparatus, including: a phase shift module, connected to a first signal input terminal and configured to: receive an incident wave from the first signal input terminal, perform a phase shift on the incident wave according to a phase shift parameter so as to generate a phase-shifted signal, and output the phase-shifted signal to a phase detection module; and the phase detection module, connected to the phase shift module and a second signal input terminal and configured to: receive a reflected wave from the second signal input terminal, perform a phase detection on the phase-shifted signal and the reflected wave so as to generate a phase difference signal, and output the phase difference signal via a control interface.

Abstract: A coil inductor for use with a LINAC is disclosed. The coil inductor comprises one or more tubes, wherein each tube comprises an interior support structure to strengthen the tubes. By supporting the tube, the amount of vibration is reduced, allowing the coil to resonate at its natural frequency. In some embodiments, the interior structure comprises one or more interior walls. These interior walls may be used to create a plurality of fluid channels that allow the flow of coolant through the tubes. An end cap may be disposed on the second end of the tubes to allow fluid communication between the supply fluid channels and the return fluid channels. The first ends of the one or more tubes may be connected to a manifold that includes a supply port and a return port for the passage of coolant.

Abstract: A drift tube may include a middle portion, arranged as a hollow cylinder, and coupled to receive an RF voltage signal. The drift tube may include a first end portion, adjacent to and electrically connected to the middle portion. The middle portion and the first end portion may define a central opening to conduct an ion beam therethrough, along a direction of beam propagation. The first end portion may include a first focus assembly, and a second focus assembly, where the first focus assembly and the second focus assembly are movable with respect to one another along the direction of beam propagation, from a first configuration to a second configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus may include a drift tube assembly, the drift tube assembly defining a triple gap configuration, and arranged to accelerate and transmit an ion beam along abeam path. The apparatus may include a resonator, to output an RF signal to the drift tube assembly, and an RF quadrupole triplet, connected to the drift tube assembly, and arranged circumferentially around the beam path.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosed technology provide an apparatus for controlling a standing wave linear accelerator. An example standing wave linear accelerator includes an accelerating tube, a motor, and a microwave power source connected between the accelerating tube and the motor. An example apparatus includes a main processor configured to receive an envelope signal of a reflected wave signal output by the accelerating tube, determine whether an amplitude of the envelope signal is greater than an envelope threshold, and if it is determined that the amplitude of the envelope signal is less than the envelope threshold, determine whether to change a rotation direction of the motor by comparing the amplitude of the envelope signal with an envelope reference signal stored in a memory. The memory is connected to the main processor and is configured to store the envelope threshold and the envelope reference signal.

Abstract: A communication system includes a signal source for transmitting downlink signals and receiving uplink signals to and from an indoor signal coverage area; and a distributed antenna system interposed between the signal source and the indoor signal coverage area. The distributed antenna system includes an antenna monitoring unit connected to at least one service antenna through a distribution network. The at least one antenna transmits and receives the downlink signals and the uplink signals to and from at least one terminal unit within the indoor coverage area. The antenna monitoring unit includes an RFID transceiver that communicates with at least one RFID tag attached to the at least one antenna and detects the location of a point of anomaly with respect to that one antenna when a signal from the at least one RFID tag is not received by the RFID transceiver, or when a power level measured by the RFID tag and reported back to the RFID transceiver falls below a predetermined threshold level.

Abstract: An ion implanter may include an ion source, arranged to generate a continuous ion beam, a DC acceleration system, to accelerate the continuous ion beam, as well as an AC linear accelerator to receive the continuous ion beam and to output a bunched ion beam. The ion implanter may also include an energy spreading electrode assembly, to receive the bunched ion beam and to apply an RF voltage between a plurality of electrodes of the energy spreading electrode assembly, along a local direction of propagation of the bunched ion beam.

Abstract: A photoinjector system containing modularly-structured waveguide-mode launcher, which is reversibly connected to the RF gun (containing a tubular construction formed with disattachably-affixed to one another structurally-complementary halves); and a solenoid magnet in operation enclosing such tubular structure in a central hollow. The resulting quality, power, and frequency rate of operation as well as cost of manufacturing and operation of the system are superior as compared with those of a related art system.

Abstract: A continuous wave (CW) electron accelerator for the treatment of industrial streams including an electron beam source, a modified high efficiency slot coupled cavity, at least one focusing magnet positioned surrounding the accelerator to contain the beam in the accelerator, an efficient radio frequency power supply means for supplying power of a radio frequency to the cavity to induce a TM01 accelerating mode in the cavity, an electron beam spreader or raster, a fixed magnet array or two-dimensional scanning magnet for deflecting the accelerated beam into a desired shape, and an exit window for extracting the deflected electron beam. The accelerator includes a graded-beta cavity to enable use with a low-power pulsed electron source. The accelerator benefits from a low wall-power loss accelerating cavity that is energized with efficient RF sources, enabling it to be operated in continuous wave mode.

Abstract: An ion implantation system, including an ion source and extraction system, arranged to generate an ion beam at a first energy, and a linear accelerator, disposed downstream of the ion source, the linear accelerator arranged to receive the ion beam as a bunched ion beam accelerate the ion beam to a second energy, greater than the first energy. The linear accelerator may include a plurality of acceleration stages, wherein a given acceleration stage of the plurality of acceleration stages comprises: a drift tube assembly, arranged to conduct the ion beam; a resonator, electrically coupled to the drift tube assembly; and an RF power assembly, coupled to the resonator, and arranged to output an RF signal to the resonator. As such, the given acceleration stage does not include a quadrupole element.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a radio frequency (RF) applicator which includes covering a ceramic insert with a coating, wherein the ceramic insert has dimensions that substantially match an internal volume of an open-ended, hollow waveguide, and wherein the ceramic insert has a recess therein configured to accept a radio frequency emitter, heating the waveguide to a temperature that is above a melting point of the coating, placing the coated ceramic insert into the internal volume of the heated waveguide, wherein the internal volume is completely filled except for the recess, and cooling the waveguide, ceramic insert, and coating to a temperature below the melting point of the coating so that the coating solidifies and fills gaps between facing surfaces of the insert and the waveguide.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to devices and methods for creating hollow, near-hollow, and parabolic plasma channels. In one aspect, a device includes a block of material and a cooling system. The block of material defines a channel having a cylindrical shape and having a first open end and a second open end. An axis of the channel lies along a straight line. The block of material further defines a first gas port and a second gas port. The first gas port and the second gas port are in fluid communication with channel. The cooling system is operable to cool the channel to below the freezing point of a gas.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a system comprising: an RF source configured to generate an RF signal; an RF frequency control circuit coupled to the RF source and configured to adjust a frequency of the RF signal; an accelerator structure configured to accelerate a particle beam in response to the RF signal; and control logic configured to: receive a plurality of settings over time for the RF source; adjust the RF signal in response to the settings; and adjust a setpoint of the RF frequency control circuit in response to the settings.

Abstract: According to some aspects, a carrier configured for use with a broadband x-ray source comprising an electron source and a primary target arranged to receive electrons from the electron source to produce broadband x-ray radiation in response to electrons impinging on the primary target is provided. The carrier comprising a housing configured to be removeably coupled to the broadband x-ray source and configured to accommodate a secondary target capable of producing monochromatic x-ray radiation in response to incident broadband x-ray radiation, the housing comprising a transmissive portion configured to allow broadband x-ray radiation to be transmitted to the secondary target when present, and a blocking portion configured to absorb broadband x-ray radiation.

Abstract: A continuous wave ion linear accelerator PET radioisotope system is disclosed. The system includes a high brightness H? ion source, a continuous wave RF quadrupole structure, and continuous wave RF interdigital structures to accelerate the ion beam to about 14 MeV. A high energy beam transport system is also described that includes a photo-detachment beam splitter and a magnet lattice for forming the proton beam into a beam having a Waterbag beam profile. The system also includes one or more targets upon which the proton beam is incident. The targets are either a high power metallic target oriented at about 10 degrees or a low thermal conductivity target oriented at about 35 degrees. The invention includes a method of producing PET isotopes by use of the systems described.

Abstract: A method and system for automatically tuning hollow structures, can include pressurized balloons located in one or more targeted cells of a hollow structure of a device having a hollow structures and respective cells. A pressurized balloon can be inserted into a targeted cell so as to localize plastic deformation to the targeted cell using prescribed values of global force and balloon pressure. A pair of inflate/deflate rods associated with an independent air supply for the pressurized balloon can inflate or deflate the pressurized balloon without affecting other pressurized balloons. The pair of inflate/deflate rods can be automatically insertable or removable from the hollow structure by controlled motorized motions.

Abstract: Methods and systems for non-invasively tuning dressed multicell cavities. A multicell cavity can be plastically deformed as result of introducing a customized balloon to a cavity and then pressurizing the balloon to a targeted cell while applying a global force on the cavity flanges. The pressurized balloons localize the plastic deformation to the targeted cells using prescribed values of both global force and balloon pressure. Such an approach allows for the tuning of dressed cavities without removal of the helium vessel.

Abstract: An RF accelerating cavity includes: a housing having an inner peripheral surface in a tubular shape and conductivity at least on a surface; and accelerating cells inside the housing and each made of a dielectric including, at a central part, an opening through which a charged particle passes. The housing includes a cylindrical barrel portion, with end plates at both ends. The accelerating cells are disposed between the end plates. Each accelerating cell includes: a cylindrical barrel portion having a diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the cylindrical barrel portion of the housing; and a circular disk portion provided inside the cylindrical barrel portion to be fixed to the cylindrical barrel portion, and disposed such that a plate surface is orthogonal to the passing axis of a charged particle, and provided with the opening.

Abstract: An RF accelerating cavity includes: a housing having an inner peripheral surface in a tubular shape and conductivity at least on a surface; and accelerating cells inside the housing and each made of a dielectric including, at a central part, an opening through which a charged particle passes. The housing includes a cylindrical barrel portion, with end plates at both ends. The accelerating cells are disposed between the end plates. Each accelerating cell includes: a cylindrical barrel portion having a diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the cylindrical barrel portion of the housing; and a circular disk portion provided inside the cylindrical barrel portion to be fixed to the cylindrical barrel portion, and disposed such that a plate surface is orthogonal to the passing axis of a charged particle, and provided with the opening.

Abstract: A compact radio-frequency quadrupole ‘RFQ’ accelerator for accelerating charged particles, the RFQ accelerator comprising: a bunching section configured to have a narrow radio-frequency ‘rf’ acceptance such that only a portion of a particle beam incident on the bunching section is captured, and wherein the bunching section bunches the portion of the particle beam; an accelerating section for accelerating the bunched portion of the particle beam to an output energy; and, a means for supplying radio-frequency power.

Abstract: A system and method for generating high power pulses including a photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS), a laser for triggering the PCSS and a bipolar pulse generator coupled to the PCSS. The bipolar pulse generator is activated when the PCSS is triggered. A bipolar pulse is generated by the activated bipolar pulse generator. A modulator unit modulates the bipolar pulse to create a modulated bipolar pulse. The modulator unit is a nonlinear transmission line (NLTL).

Abstract: An electron acceleration device using thermionic fission cells and an electromagnetic scoop coil for power. A power control junction and electron injector control that feeds free electrons in packets into the acceleration components that consist of a series of induction linac module units, having quadrupole magnet units in series between the induction module units. Has on-board xenon gas for a deep space electron source. At the high speed electrons exit from the device, deflector plates control the exit path of the electrons to direct the course of a craft.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a radio frequency accelerator that accelerates charged particles injected into a second-stage linear accelerator from a first-stage linear accelerator includes a step of setting a value of a power distribution factor R for the power distributor to supply radio frequency power to the second-stage linear accelerator and a value of a ratio L/? of a length L of the matching section between the outlet of the first-stage linear accelerator and the inlet of the second-stage linear accelerator to the angular frequency ? of the radio frequency power, so that a charged particle beam is extracted from the second-stage linear accelerator over a range of the total radio frequency power wider than a widest allowable range among allowable total radio frequency power ranges determined for each phase of charged particles on the basis of phase acceptance of the second-stage accelerator.

Abstract: The relative position of an RF waveform and electron bunches in a linear accelerator is controlled by appropriate control of the accelerator electronics. Thus the energy given to any particular electron bunch can be controlled by altering the position of amplitude peaks of the RF driving field relative to the electron bunch. This control can be applied simultaneously and independently to all electron bunches in a bunch train. An output X-ray pulse is provided by the contributions of multiple electron bunches when they hit one or more targets. When more energetic electrons hit the target, more energetic X-rays are produced. Thus this controllable electron bunch energy and intensity can provide intra-pulse control of X-ray energy.

Abstract: Illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to devices and methods for X-ray monitoring. Various embodiments of the present disclosure use a target that incorporates a monitor layer. The monitor layer is disposed adjacent to a target layer so that electrons that pass through the target layer enter the monitor layer. As electrons enter the monitor layer, electrical charge is generated within the monitor layer. This electrical charge is measured and used to determine a characteristic of the X-ray generation within the target layer.

Abstract: A method and isotope linac system are provided for producing radio-isotopes and for recovering isotopes. The isotope linac is an energy recovery linac (ERL) with an electron beam being transmitted through an isotope-producing target. The electron beam energy is recollected and re-injected into an accelerating structure. The ERL provides improved efficiency with reduced power requirements and provides improved thermal management of an isotope target and an electron-to-x-ray converter.

Abstract: A separated-orbit bisected energy-recovered linear accelerator apparatus and method. The accelerator includes a first linac, a second linac, and a plurality of arcs of differing path lengths, including a plurality of up arcs, a plurality of downgoing arcs, and a full energy arc providing a path independent of the up arcs and downgoing arcs. The up arcs have a path length that is substantially a multiple of the RF wavelength and the full energy arc includes a path length that is substantially an odd half-integer multiple of the RF wavelength. Operation of the accelerator includes accelerating the beam utilizing the linacs and up arcs until the beam is at full energy, at full energy executing a full recirculation to the second linac using a path length that is substantially an odd half-integer of the RF wavelength, and then decelerating the beam using the linacs and downgoing arcs.

Abstract: According to the drift tube linear accelerator of the invention, its acceleration cavity is configured with a center plate and a pair of half cylindrical tubes, wherein the center plate includes a ridge, stems connecting the ridge and drift tube electrodes, and the drift tube electrodes, and wherein the acceleration cavity is configured, as seen in cross section perpendicular to a beam-acceleration center axis, whose inner diameter in X-direction that is perpendicular to a central axis in planar direction in which the stem of the center plate extends and that is passing through the beam-acceleration center axis, is longer than whose inner diameter in Y-direction parallel to the central axis in planar direction.

Abstract: The devices, systems and techniques disclosed here can be used to reduce undesired effects by magnetic field induced eddy currents based on a diamagnetic composite material structure including diamagnetic composite sheets that are separated from one another to provide a high impedance composite material structure. In some implementations, each diamagnetic composite sheet includes patterned conductor layers are separated by a dielectric material and each patterned conductor layer includes voids and conductor areas. The voids in the patterned conductor layers of each diamagnetic composite sheet are arranged to be displaced in position from one patterned conductor layer to an adjacent patterned conductor layer while conductor areas of the patterned conductor layers collectively form a contiguous conductor structure in each diamagnetic composite sheet to prevent penetration by a magnetic field.

Abstract: A method of bunch length compression method for a free electron laser (FEL) that avoids parasitic compressions by 1) applying acceleration on the falling portion of the RF waveform, 2) compressing using a positive momentum compaction (R56>0), and 3) compensating for aberration by using nonlinear magnets in the compressor beam line.

Abstract: A cyclotron that accelerates an ion using a magnetic field includes a hollow yoke and an ion source that is provided in the yoke and generates an ion. The ion source includes a conductive cylindrical body and a filament disposed in the cylindrical body. A current is supplied from a power supply to the filament, and a direction of the current supplied to the filament is changed.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to systems and methods for interleaving operation of a standing wave linear accelerator (LINAC) for use in providing electrons of at least two different energy ranges, which can be contacted with x-ray targets to generate x-rays of at least two different energy ranges. The LINAC can be operated to output electrons at different energies by varying the power of the electromagnetic wave input to the LINAC, or by using a detunable side cavity which includes an activatable window.

Abstract: Man-portable radiation generation sources and systems that may be carried by hand to a site of interest by one or two people, are disclosed. Methods of use of such sources and systems are also disclosed. Battery operated radiation generation sources, air cooled radiation generation sources, and charged particle accelerators, are also disclosed. A radiation generation source, a radiation scanning system, and a target assembly comprising target material having a thickness of less than 0.20 mm are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an electron linear accelerator system. In the present disclosure, a fast-switching dual-path microwave system is proposed, wherein, one path can be directly connected to an accelerating tube, and the other path can be input into the accelerating tube after a magnitude of the microwave power is changed by devices such as an attenuator, a power divider, a pulse compressor or even an amplifier etc., so as to achieve fast switch of the power input into the accelerator and adjust the energy output by the accelerator.

Abstract: A RF generator includes a structure having an input section, an output section, and an opening extending between the input section and the output section, wherein the output section has a first cavity and a second cavity, and wherein the first and second cavities are spaced apart from each other so that they are electromagnetically uncoupled from each other. A method of providing RF energy, includes receiving an electron beam, providing a first RF energy through a first cavity, wherein the first RF energy is generated using the electron beam, and providing a second RF energy through a second cavity, wherein the second RF energy is generated using the electron beam, wherein the first cavity and the second cavity are spaced apart from each other so that they are electromagnetically uncoupled from each other.

Abstract: An accelerator includes an inflector through which a beam entering from an ion source passes and which introduces the beam to an acceleration orbit. The inflector includes a beam convergence unit that converges the beam passing through the inflector. A cyclotron, which accelerates a beam in a convoluted acceleration orbit, includes magnetic poles, D-electrodes, and an inflector. The magnetic poles generate a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the acceleration orbit. The D-electrodes generate a potential difference, which accelerates the beam, in the acceleration orbit. A beam, which enters in an incident direction perpendicular to the acceleration orbit, passes through the inflector, and the inflector bends the beam so as to introduce the beam to the acceleration orbit. The inflector includes a beam convergence unit that converges the beam passing through the inflector.

Abstract: A linear proton accelerator includes a plurality of accelerator components arranged after one another, and a proton source and a plurality of accelerating units. The accelerator further includes a reticular support structure for supporting the accelerator components. The support structure is shaped as a prism with a polygonal cross-section, and has a plurality of side faces joining opposite ends of the prism. The support structure is arranged concentrically with respect to the accelerator components.

Abstract: The invention comprises a flattened magnet coil system that reduces space between a first magnet turning section and a second magnet turning section in a synchrotron accelerator, which reduces or eliminates need for one or more quadrupole focusing elements in the accelerator. Optionally, a coil, in the flattened magnetic coil system, is wrapped about a central metal member between yoke members of a magnet. The coil has a first width and a first thickness along the length of the magnet and a second width and a second thickness along the end of the magnet where the first width is larger than the second width and the second thickness is larger than the first thickness allowing a smaller distance between the first magnet turning section and the second magnet turning section while maintaining current flow in the coil.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for control of a charged particle cancer therapy system. A treatment delivery control system is used to directly control multiple subsystems of the cancer therapy system without direct communication between selected subsystems, which enhances safety, simplifies quality assurance and quality control, and facilitates programming. For example, the treatment delivery control system directly controls one or more of: an imaging system, a positioning system, an injection system, a radio-frequency quadrupole system, a ring accelerator or synchrotron, an extraction system, a beam line, an irradiation nozzle, a gantry, a display system, a targeting system, and a verification system. Generally, the control system integrates subsystems and/or integrates output of one or more of the above described cancer therapy system elements with inputs of one or more of the above described cancer therapy system elements.

Abstract: A directed-energy irradiating apparatus includes an FEL apparatus and an HPM apparatus. The FEL apparatus accelerates free electrons by using a microwave supplied from a microwave source to irradiate an FEL beam and outputs a remaining microwave. The HPM apparatus irradiates an HPM beam generated based on the remaining microwave outputted from the FEL apparatus. It is possible to destroy a target even in a situation that a destruction effect by the FEL beam cannot expected, while maintaining the destruction ability of the FEL beam.

Abstract: A RF accelerator system includes an accelerator, a RF source coupled to the accelerator for providing RF power to the accelerator, a control for adjusting a frequency of the RF power provided by the RF source through a frequency range, and a sensor for sensing a response resulted from an operation of the accelerator based at least in part on the adjusted frequency of the RF power through the frequency range. A method of diagnosing a RF spectrum in an accelerator system includes providing RF power to an accelerator, adjusting a frequency of the RF power through a frequency range, and sensing a response resulted from an operation of the accelerator, the response being based at least in part on the adjusted frequency of the RF power through the frequency range.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating x-rays includes an electron beam generator and a first device arranged to apply an RF electric field to accelerate the electron beam from the generator. A photon source is arranged to provide photons to a zone to interact with the electron beam from the first device so as to generate x-rays via inverse-Compton scattering. A second device is arranged to apply an RF electric field to decelerate the electron beam after it has interacted. The first and second devices are connected by RF energy transmission means arranged to recover RF energy from the decelerated electron beam as it passes through the second device and transfer the recovered RF energy into the first device.

Abstract: A dual polarity transmission line structure that can provide high-voltage pulses of very short duration, such as can be incorporated in a compact accelerator of charged particles as well as other applications, is presented. The exemplary structure has a transmission line, formed a pair of conducting strip with dielectric between them, and a pair of switches. Each of the switches is connected between one of the conducting strips and a charging section, so that when the switches are off, the capacitor plates that are respectively connected to a first and a second of the switches are charged to voltage levels above and below the level at which the first and second conductive strips are set. A pulse is then generated by turning on the switches. Multiple such structures can be stacked to provide a pulse generating system.

Abstract: An apparatus to monitor a condition of a solid state charge device (SSCD) useful in electrostatic printing includes a power supply and a frequency detector. The power supply provides current to the SSCD, and includes a resonant controller. The frequency detector senses a frequency associated with the current, and since the frequency is representative of the condition of the SSCD, the frequency detector thereby monitors the condition of the SSCD. A method of monitoring the condition of the SSCD includes providing current to the SSCD using a power supply, and sensing a frequency associated with the current. The power supply includes a resonant controller, and the frequency is representative of the condition of the SSCD, and thus the method thereby monitors the condition of the SSCD. A corresponding computer-readable medium is also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for operating a traveling wave linear accelerator to generate stable electron beams at two or more different intensities by varying the number of electrons injected into the accelerator structure during each pulse by varying the electron beam current applied to an electron gun. The electron beams may be used to generate x-rays having selected doses and energies, which may be used for cargo scanning or radiotherapy applications.