Abstract: An electron acceleration device uses thermionic fission cells, an electromagnetic scoop coil, and/or microwaves for power. A power control junction and electron injector control and feed free electrons in packets into the acceleration components that consist of a series of either induction module units, or radio-frequency linacs module units, having quadrapole magnet units in series between the induction module units or RF linac units. The RF linac and quadrapole series are surrounded by a Klystron series. At the high speed electron exit from the device, deflector plates control the exit path of the electrons to direct the course of a craft or electrons to a work area.

Abstract: A secondary coil forming a resonant circuit in cooperation with a quadrupole is composed of conductive tubes and cooled by feeding coolant such as pure water into the tubes which serve as coolant passages. This makes it possible to minimize thermal deformation of the secondary coil when a variable-frequency type radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator is driven with a large amount of power. As a result, variation of the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit, resulting from the deformation of the secondary coil, can be minimized. Consequently, a given ion acceleration ability can be provided. When a coolant passage for use in cooling the primary coil is included and coolant such as pure water is fed into the coolant passage, thermal deformation of the primary coil can be minimized. Thus, impedance matching with the resonant circuit can be maintained on a stable basis.

Abstract: An ion beam accelerator and an ion implantation system including a plurality of spaced apart electrodes, including at least one active electrode, and a pair of oppositely wound coils disposed within the shield, the coils being in parallel, having respective terminating ends electrically coupled together in pairs, the end regions of the two coils being positioned relative to each other for flow of flux between the coils so that, when the coils are energized, magnetic fields produced by the coils are reinforced within the coils and are reduced outside of the coils; wherein, when the coils are energized, the coils produce at the active electrode a time-varying oscillatory electric potential of a selected resonant frequency to establish between electrodes a time-varying oscillatory electric field in the vicinity of the beam path to accelerate ions. A general purpose resonant system based on the above-mentioned oppositely wound coil structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: An active RF cavity is defined by a conductive wall in which a plurality of solid state power amplifiers are mounted. The solid state power amplifiers induce an RF current at an inner surface of the wall to form an oscillating electromagnetic (EM) field within the cavity. Preferably, the power amplifiers are in the form of modules that contain a number of RF power chips. The structure operates as both a power combiner and a matching transformer and is powered by a relatively low voltage d.c. source. A high-amplitude field is generated using equipment that is more efficient and much lighter in weight than conventional equipment. Such a cavity may be applied in a drift tube linac, an RF quadrupole linac, a linac having aligned cavities, and in other types of particle accelerators, and as a high power RF amplifier with the EM waves piped out via a waveguide or a coaxial cable.

Abstract: An accelerator for heavy ions includes four uniformly spaced, perpendicular electrodes with a height H, a length L, and a thickness t and wherein each electrode including at least two rectangular windows therein. Each window has a height b and a width W. The windows in each electrode are separated by a distance a and windows of adjacent electrodes are offset by a distance (W+a)/2 from each other. The accelerator is capable of resonating at relatively low frequencies and with relatively small diameters due to the enhanced coupling between chambers in the resonant cavity.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for accelerating charged particles in a compact two-beam accelerator including a high voltage diode which generates an annular intense electron beam and a pencil-shaped secondary beam. The annular beam is modulated and functions as a driver beam for the secondary beam. A focusing magnetic field created by external focusing magnetic field coils adjusts the radius of the annular beam within a plurality of resonant cavity structures of an accelerating portion of the accelerator such that the phase slippage of the secondary beam, with reference to the co-propagated driver beam, is corrected. Correction of the phase slippage results in a secondary beam that is continuously accelerated. The external magnetic field also controls the energy of the secondary beam. Such high energy charged particles are useful in a wide variety of applications, such as medical radiation therapy, sterilization of medical equipment, industrial materials processing, inspection and industrial ion implantation.

Abstract: A variable energy radio frequency quadrupole linac for emitting focused and accelerated beams by changing radio frequency energy levels, wherein the accelerating cavity is divided by a plane perpendicular to the beam direction and in a radio frequency sense, and the radio frequency power level in the downstream accelerating cavity is made to be lower than that in the upstream accelerating cavity, one of the divided cavities being self oscillated, and the other being separately oscillated, a separating plate being provided between separated electrodes, the radio frequency phases in the upstream cavity and the downstream cavity being relatively changeable, and a thin plate region being provided in the periphery of a beam passing window on the separating plate, thereby the power in the cavity can be lowered without expanding the energy spread of the emitted beams so much.

Abstract: A radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ), which is a combination of the standard 4-vane and 4-rod designs, with a window or windows cut through mid-portions of the normally solid vanes. The windows decrease the resonant frequency, minimize undesirable mode coupling in the RFQ and result in a smaller and more easily tuned accelerator.

Abstract: A superconducting radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) device includes four spaced elongated, linear, tubular rods disposed parallel to a charged particle beam axis, with each rod supported by two spaced tubular posts oriented radially with respect to the beam axis. The rod and post geometry of the device has four-fold rotation symmetry, lowers the frequency of the quadrupole mode below that of the dipole mode, and provides large dipole-quadrupole mode isolation to accommodate a range of mechanical tolerances. The simplicity of the geometry of the structure, which can be formed by joining eight simple T-sections, provides a high degree of mechanical stability, is insensitive to mechanical displacement, and is particularly adapted for fabrication with superconducting materials such as niobium.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to linear proton accelerators. A proton accelerator is made by using travelling waves with magnetic coupling to accelerate the protons in forward or backward mode and in fundamental or harmonic mode. In particular, an accelerator for medical use, giving energy of 250 MeV, uses three accelerator structures positioned in series and working with travelling waves of the forward, harmonic mode type for a first structure, of the backward harmonic type for a second structure and of the backward fundamental mode type for a third structure. Furthermore, the microwave energy at 3,000 megahertz is given by a single klystron. This results in a considerably reduced length of the accelerator and a cost that makes it capable of being used for therapeutic applications.

Abstract: A compact proton-beam therapy linac utilizing a linear, cascaded organization including a proton source, a radio-frequency-quadrupole (RFQ) linac coupled to the output of the source, a stepped-frequency (around 500- to around 100-MHz), low-peak-beam-current (around 100- to around 300-.mu. A) drift-tube linac (DTL) coupled to receive the output of the RFQ, and a plural-stage, low-peak-beam-current stage-switchable, side-coupled linac (SCL) coupled to the output of the DTL for producing the ultimate output proton-therapy beam.

Abstract: A standing wave type of microwave linear particle accelerator (40) has a sequence of microwave cavities (42), (43), (44), operated in the standing wave mode, with drift tube conduits (31), (32), (33), between them to permit the passage of a beam of charged particles which are accelerated by the electric fields in each cavity. The first cavity (42) into which the particles enter has a conduit (30) comprising a drift region connected to the particle entrance port (2), outlined by a re-entrant nose (3) extending into the first cavity (42). The drift tube conduit (31) between the first and second cavities (42, 43) has a tapered interior, and the diameter at the upstream end is less than the diameter of the conduit (30) in the re-entrant nose (3) of the first cavity (42). This structure significantly reduces the back bombardment of particles moving backward through the port (2), and increases the efficiency of particle focusing and bunching in the first cavity (42 ).