Abstract: An encapsulating method and an encapsulating structure of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display substrate and a display device are provided. The encapsulating method of the OLED display substrate includes: encapsulating together the OLED display substrate and a encapsulating cover having a deformation functional layer, in which the deformation functional layer is disposed in an encapsulating chamber formed between the OLED substrate and the encapsulating cover; there are gaps between a display functional layer on the OLED display substrate and the deformation functional layer; the deformation functional layer can be deformed under the action of electric field; and controlling the electric field applied to the deformation functional layer, and allowing the deformation functional layer to fill the entire encapsulating chamber.

Abstract: A method of selecting a color in a multiple color LED lamp with only two external wires leading to the LED lamp. The LED lamp receives power and control signals through a power lead of the lamp. By detecting a power pulse sequence on the power lead in a first pattern, a microcontroller within the lamp controls the lamp to illuminate a first color. By detecting a power pulse sequence on the power lead in a second pattern, the microcontroller controls the lamp to illuminate a second color. The pattern detected indicates the desired color for the lamp to the microcontroller. Other patterns indicate other control instructions for the lamp.

Abstract: According to one configuration, an acoustical device includes a piezoelectric substrate and at least one curved electrode. Material on a surface of the piezoelectric substrate defines boundaries of a resonance region. The curved electrode is disposed on the piezoelectric substrate in the resonance region and is operable to receive a voltage input signal through a first conductive waveguide. When present, the voltage input signal causes generation and conveyance of acoustical waves from the curved electrode into the resonance region. The acoustical device optionally includes a second curved electrode in the resonance region, which converts the acoustical waves present in the resonance region to an output voltage signal.

Abstract: A glow plug with a pressure sensor including a heater member (4) having a heating element (9) disposed therein and projecting from a forward end of a metallic shell (2), a center rod (3) having, at its forward end, a connection portion (3A) to which a rear end portion of the heating element (9) is connected, and an annular clearance CR formed between the metallic shell and the heater member in a region located on the forward end side of a junction portion (14A) of a deformable member (14) joined to the heater member. A portion of the heating element located on the forward end side relative to the forward end of the connection portion is at least partially located on the radially inner side of the clearance CR, and the forward end of the connection portion is located on the forward end side relative to the forward end of the junction portion.

Abstract: A spark plug for an internal combustion engine includes a center electrode, a tubular insulator, a tubular metal shell, a ground electrode and an overvoltage preventer. The insulator has the center electrode inserted and held therein. The metal shell has the insulator inserted and held therein such that a proximal part of the insulator is exposed from the metal shell. The ground electrode is joined to a distal end of the metal shell and faces the center electrode through a spark gap formed between the center and ground electrodes. The overvoltage preventer prevents a voltage higher than or equal to a threshold voltage from being applied across the spark gap. The overvoltage preventer is arranged in the proximal part of the insulator so as to be positioned outside the metal shell and farther than the metal shell from the spark gap.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a pool cleaner generator module with magnetic coupling. The generator module can include a housing, a paddle wheel, a magnetic follower, and a generator. The generator can power components of the pool cleaner, such as light emitting diode (LEDs). The housing can be removably coupled to the pool cleaner and can include a flow directing portion positioned in a fluid path of the pool cleaner. The paddle wheel can be located adjacent to the flow directing portion and can rotate in response to fluid flow through the fluid path. The generator can be magnetically coupled to the paddle wheel and can generate power through rotation of the paddle wheel. The LED can be coupled to the generator and can receive the generated power from the generator to illuminate an area adjacent to the pool cleaner.

Abstract: The lighting structure of the present invention can be installed in a cupboard, a wardrobe, a filing cabinet or another structural object requiring an auxiliary light source. The lighting structure comprises: a body provided with a lamp and an electrical circuit; and a base adapted to be installed on the structural object and joined with the body. The electrical circuit comprises a vibration sensing element, a control element and an electric power supplying portion. The electric power supplying portion is configured to supply electric power necessary for operation of the electrical circuit. When the lighting structure is vibrated, the vibration sensing element outputs an electrical signal to the control element so that the control element chooses to turn on or off the lamp correspondingly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light emitting diode (LED) which is electrically connected to an anode and a source. According to the invention one of the anode and the source is thermally coupled to a first heat conductor, the heat conductor being thermally coupled to a first Peltier element to convert thermal energy transmitted from and generated in the light emitting crystal when the light emitting crystal is provided with electrical energy into electrical energy.

Abstract: There is provided a high-voltage pulse generator with a reduced radius of rotation and improved performance, and a lighting apparatus and a vehicle having the high-voltage pulse generator. The high-voltage pulse generator includes a pulse transformer in which a primary winding and a secondary winding are wound on a core, a discharge lamp connector which is formed in a tube shape having an opened front surface and a bottom out of an insulating material and which has an inner-electrode terminal electrically connected to a high voltage part of the secondary winding in the bottom, and a pulse generating capacitor and a discharge switch electrically connected to the primary winding of the pulse transformer. The discharge lamp connector is disposed so that the center thereof is located in a center line passing through a substantial center in an axis direction (a direction parallel to a center line) of the pulse transformer and perpendicular to the axis direction.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an LED driver structure, which obtains input power coming from a power source to generate a constant-current power to drive a plurality of LEDs, and which comprises: a plurality of diode groups connected in parallel, a first piezoelectric conversion unit and a second piezoelectric conversion unit respectively arranged at both sides of the diode groups. The first and second piezoelectric conversion units receive the input power and opposite-phase convert the input power into driving powers to drive the diode groups. Among the plurality of diode groups, at least one diode group is formed of a plurality of LEDs. Each of the first and second piezoelectric conversion units has a piezoelectric inverter, which can easily achieve an impedance matching and a constant-current power to drive LEDs via a piezoelectric effect. Besides, the present invention also has the advantage of cost efficiency.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light emitting diode (LED) which is electrically connected to an anode and a source. According to the invention one of the anode and the source is thermally coupled to a first heat conductor, the heat conductor being thermally coupled to a first Peltier element to convert thermal energy transmitted from and generated in the light emitting crystal when the light emitting crystal is provided with electrical energy into electrical energy.

Abstract: A circuit structure for a lamp set which includes a socket, a lamp assembly mounted onto the socket and an electrode portion. The lamp assembly surrounds a housing space inside to hold a power distribution dock connecting to the socket. The power distribution dock has a holding space to hold a power conversion element which is electrically connected to the electrode portion to receive external electric power and transform to starting power to drive the lamp assembly to generate light. The power distribution dock and the power conversion element are located in the housing space. Thus the total height of the socket is reduced and the lamp set can be shrunk to a smaller size.

Abstract: A piezoelectric-transformer high-voltage power supply in combination with an image-forming apparatus including a latent-image forming section configured to form an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier, a developing section configured to form a toner image on the electrostatic latent image, and a transfer section configured to transfer the toner image onto a transfer material includes a piezoelectric transformer; a piezoelectric-transformer drive circuit; an output-voltage setting-signal output circuit configured to output an output-voltage setting-signal; an output-voltage detector circuit, and a drive control circuit configured to output a control signal on the basis of a signal from the output-voltage detector circuit and the output-voltage setting-signal, for controlling the piezoelectric-transformer drive circuit.

Abstract: A generator-driven lighting device for a hand-held power tool has a lighting device, mounted on said main body of said power tool; an electric generator assembly, mounted on said power tool, supplying said lighting device with power; and a transmission device, connecting a generator axis of said generator and a main axis of said power tool, which thereby drives a rotational movement of said generator, causing said generator to generate electric power; wherein by said power tool mechanically driving said generator, said lighting device provides lighting for a user operating said power tool.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformation driving apparatus for driving elements or products to be driven by a high or a low voltage includes a driving module consisting of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) control unit and a single driving unit. The driving module outputs driving signals of the same phase and the same frequency to drive a plurality of transformation units, a plurality of piezoelectric units and a plurality of loads.

Abstract: There is provided a method for driving a piezoelectric transformer in which a driving efficiency and the reliability in terms of withstand power and distortion can be enhanced by suppressing a higher order vibration mode exited by a harmonic component other than a driving frequency included in a driving signal of the piezoelectric transformer without using an inductive element. The driving signal applied to a primary side electrode of the piezoelectric transformer is a signal in a rectangular waveform having a time period ?T in which a level is a maximum potential (2V) or a minimum potential (0), obtained by multiplying a period T of the driving signal by a predetermined time ratio ?. The time ratio ? is set to be smaller than 0.5 and so as to minimize a sum of ratios of amplitudes of respective higher order vibration modes with respect to an amplitude of a vibration mode exciting the piezoelectric transformer.

Abstract: A generate assembly and a lighting element for a pneumatic tool includes a body having a channel and a first passage defined therein. The first passage has a first end communicating with an exhauster of the pneumatic tool and a second end extending to communicate with the channel and defining an opening in an inner periphery of the channel. A second passage defined in the body for exhausting exhaust gas. A generator is mounted in the body for generating electric power to the lighting element. The generator has a turbine extending into the channel and eccentrically corresponding to the opening in the inner periphery of the channel such that exhaust gas, from the pneumatic tool, drive the turbine due to the eccentric relation between the turbine and the opening. A sleeve is securely mounted around the body for airtightly closing the channel in the body.

Abstract: A ferroelectric film manufactured by using a supercritical fluid. The supercritical fluid is a fluid which includes a ferroelectric element and is pressurized at a pressure ranging from the critical pressure to four times the critical pressure, for example.

Abstract: At least one of a center electrode tip and a ground electrode tip is made of an iridium alloy. A discharge gap, formed between the center electrode tip and the ground electrode tip, is less than 1.1 mm. And, cross sections of the center electrode tip and the ground electrode tip are equal to or smaller than 0.95 mm2 in a spherical region where a distance from a midpoint of the discharge gap is within 0.6 mm.

Abstract: A string of miniature holiday lamps connected in a series circuit with each lamp having an indicating device connected in parallel to its respective lamp. The indicating device is operated in response to the non functioning of the lamp with which it is connected in parallel. When the lamp fails, the full line voltage of the series circuit passes through the indicating device causing it to activate, signaling the non functioning lamp. The signaling device can be a resistor associated with a thermochromic paint that changes color when activated by the heat from the resistor, a sound alarm, an odor activated device or an electroluminescent light. In another embodiment the signaling device can be used to indicate a circuit having a resistive load is energized.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer includes a piezoelectric unit. The piezoelectric unit includes a plurality of driver units divided by at least one groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric unit from one end thereof, and also includes a plurality of generator units, opposing the driver units, divided by at least one groove extending in the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric unit from the other end thereof. Opposing pairs of the driver units and the generator units constitute a plurality of transformer units. The transformer units differ in length from one another.

Abstract: Gas discharge lamps having filaments at each end thereof are operated in groups according to the power applied to separate line inputs to the ballast. The filaments of the lamps in a first group are powered by a first inverter that provides lamp current to a second group. The filaments of the lamps in the second group are powered by a second inverter that provides lamp current to the first group of lamps. Thus, even if an inverter is turned off, the lamps powered by that inverter are in a pre-heated state for instant starting. Power is coupled to the filaments by a network that is relatively insensitive to changes in frequency.

Abstract: In an installation structure of a glow plug with a combustion pressure sensor, a seat surface is provided in an installation hole formed in the engine so as to penetrate from outside into a combustion chamber of the engine. A contact surface is formed in the glow plug. The glow plug is partly inserted into the installation hole and is fixed via a ring shaped gasket to the engine so that the glow plug comes in pressurized contact with the engine in an axial direction of the installation hole. With the installation structure mentioned above, the elastic member is elastically more deformable in an axial direction of the installation hole than a portion of the glow plug on which the combustion pressure sensor is mounted.

Abstract: A driving device for a fluorescent tube has a high frequency oscillator which outputs a high frequency AC signal. A pulse width modulator is connected to the high frequency oscillator for outputting a PWM harmonic frequency signal. A first power switch is connected to the pulse width modulator for being turned off during a positive half-cycle of the PWM harmonic frequency signal and being turned on during a negative half-cycle of the PWM harmonic frequency signal. A second power switch is connected to the pulse width modulator for being turned on during the positive half-cycle of the PWM harmonic frequency signal and being turned off during the negative half-cycle of the PWM harmonic frequency signal. A piezoelectric transformer includes a primary winding having two input terminals connected to the first power switch and the second power switch, respectively, and a center terminal connected to the output terminal of the pulse width modulator.

Abstract: A lamp electronic ballast with a piezoelectric cooling fan. Use of ballast-driven lamps is limited in some lighting applications by thermal considerations. For example, the problem of heat removal from compact fluorescent lamps with integrated ballasts has limited their use. Similarly, the use of ballast-driven fluorescent lighting in high hat and other closed luminaire applications has been limited by thermal considerations. Thermal management of ballasts for such thermally sensitive applications is provided by a piezoelectric fan integrated with the ballast. The power to drive the fan may be obtained from the same AC line input that supplies the ballast, or from an AC ripple voltage present at the output of a rectifier in the ballast, or from the output of the ballast to the lamp, or from any suitable circuit location in the ballast. The fan maybe a membrane-type spot-cooler comprising a thin membrane carried by a frame mounted adjacent a hot spot.

Abstract: A piezoelectric transformer inverter can be driven in wide ranges of input voltages and output currents so that a wide range of dimming can be achieved. Furthermore, the piezoelectric transformer inverter can maintain high efficiency in the overall driven ranges thereof so as to yield stable luminance.

Abstract: A spark plug comprising a piezoelectric element that strains with the increase in pressure in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, and methods of making and using such a spark plug. The strain on the element generates a voltage across the poles of the piezoelectric element that varies with the cylinder pressure. This voltage can be monitored to determine the pressure in the cylinder. The voltage will increase until it is sufficient to create a spark between two poles that will be used to ignite the fuel-air mixture in the cylinder. The voltage may be further increased by using the increasing cylinder pressure to accelerate a striker mass to impact the piezoelectric element. After ignition, the piezoelectric element strains further because of the rapid increase in pressure due to the combustion process. Sensing the voltage output after combustion can provide information about the engine cycle and indicate any anomalies such as pre-ignition, misfire, or knock.

Abstract: A motion activated and light sensitive multi-purpose safety light, having a housing for supporting: a motion sensor; a light emitting diode which serves as both a light source and a light detector; an electronic circuit which further comprises; a motion sensor amplifier to condition the motion signal received from the motion sensor, a driver for illuminating the light emitting diode in a flashing manner, a timer enabling the operation of the driver and a photo-amplifier providing amplification of the input signal received from the light emitting diode. A user-selected control components for providing parameters relating to the conditioning and the flash rate. A printed circuit board providing an area to mount the electrical components and electric circuit and a system power source.

Abstract: A cold cathode tube is used for a back light illuminating a liquid crystal with a light from the back. A ceramic transformer is used instead of a conventional wound transformer for a power source to light this cold cathode tube to eliminate various problems caused by transformers. The output voltage and current of this ceramic transformer are coordinated with the cold cathode tube by utilizing the frequency characteristic of the boosting ratio of the ceramic transformer to light the cold cathode tube and adjust the light. The output from an oscillator is amplified and is applied to a ceramic transformer. The output frequency from the oscillator is swept from the higher side to the lower side. When the output frequency decreases from fa.fwdarw.fb, the output voltage of the ceramic transformer in the case that the load resistance indicated by the solid line is large will be Vb and the cold cathode tube will be lighted.

Abstract: A booster is constructed with a piezoelectric transducer including a combination of a primary side piezoelectric element and a secondary side piezoelectric element wherein input electrodes and an output electrode are provided in the thickness direction and length direction, respectively. The booster is contained in a plug cap. The plug cap covers one end of a spark plug. Using this arrangement, a primary voltage having a natural resonance frequency of the piezoelectric element or a waveform identical to a component waveform thereof is applied from a primary voltage generator to the input electrodes. At this time, the booster directly imparts a secondary high voltage from the output electrode to the spark plug by the piezoelectric effect, to generate a spark discharge in a discharge gap of the spark plug. This ignition system can be made smaller in size and weight at a low manufacturing cost.

Abstract: An ignition apparatus for providing energy to a spark plug (601) is described including electromagnetic means (121, 103, 133, 119) having a north pole (137) and an opposing south pole (139). A piezoelectric crystal (129) is located between the north pole (137) and the opposing south pole (139). The electromagnetic means (121, 103, 133, 119) compresses the piezoelectric crystal (129), thereby causing an ignition energy to be provided from the piezoelectric crystal (129) for igniting the spark plug (601).

Abstract: A system and method for providing a constant rate of sparking in the spark gap of an internal combustion engine by supplying constant power to the capacitor which discharges through the spark gap. The capacitor receives current from the secondary coil of a transformer. The system uses a multivibrator to control current flow through the primary circuit of a transformer. The multivibrator is controlled by a comparator which compares an integrated transformer feedback signal to a temperature compensated reference voltage. In any two equal time periods, substantially the same amount of current flows to the capacitor from the secondary of the transformers. Substantially the same number of sparks are discharged through a spark gap during equal time periods.

Abstract: A spark gap switch is disclosed. The spark gap switch comprises an anode and a cathode having facing surfaces separated by a predetermined gap, a trigger electrode located in the vicinity of such gap, and a piezoelectric generator connected between the trigger electrode and the cathode for triggering the spark gap switch.

Abstract: A high voltage generating device with a PZT element is disclosed. The device includes an energization control unit for generating an energization voltage, a PZT element unit for performing voltage conversion in response to an output from the energization control unit, and a load unit for receiving an output from the PZT element unit. The PZT element unit is provided with a resonating member and an electrostrictive element, and a period of an output voltage from the energization control unit is controlled so that a primary voltage from the PZT element unit becomes maximum at a timing when the output voltage from the energization control unit is not supplied.

Abstract: A piezoelectric crystal spark plug includes a body similar to a conventional spark plug, a central electrode extending from the bottom end of the body, and a ground electrode disposed near but spaced from one end of the central electrode and connected to the body. A piezoelectric crystal is included within the body and one side of the crystal is electrically coupled to the other end of the central electrode. A deforming device is also included within the body to deform the crystal and cause it to produce and apply an electrical signal to the central electrode. This electrical signal produces a spark between the central and ground electrode similar to a conventional spark plug.

Abstract: An acoustic wave display, scanning or storage device employs a light-modifying member which is responsive to acoustic wave energy in combination with a strobed electric field or light to produce an image or data point.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive ignition plug capable of sensing the internal pressure of a cylinder of an internal combustion engine and transmitting accommodated signal corresponding to the internal pressure. The pressure-sensitive ignition plug has a pressure-sensitive unit having an annular form and mounted in an annular space formed between an insulator assembly embracing a central electrode and a metallic plug body which supports the insulator assembly. The pressure sensing unit has an upwardly projected signal terminal through which an amplifier unit for amplifying the signal from the pressure sensing unit is detachably connected to the latter. The amplifier unit is embedded in a rubber sheath covering the upper half part of the ignition plug or, alternatively, formed in an annular shape and accomodated by a metallic case having a central through bore, the metallic case being adapted to make a snap fit to a hexagonal portion of the plug body from the upper side of the latter.

Abstract: A termination fixture for an electrodeless lamp has dimensions which match the output impedance of a coupled high frequency power source to the real impedance of the lamp when in a discharge condition. The fixture may consist of a pair of coaxial conductors, and the lamp forms the termination load for the ends of the conductors. The length of the conductors is such as to place the lamp one quarter wavelength from the opposite ends of the conductors. The diameters of the conductors are such as to produce a fixture characteristic impedance which matches the lamp impedance to the source output impedance.

Abstract: Mechanism is provided for activating a piezoelectric crystal used to produce a spark at a plug fitted to the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. The mechanism has a striker for delivering current-generating blows to the crystal and this striker is coaxially mounted with respect to a driven shaft of the engine such as the crank shaft or cam shaft. Cam means connects the striker to a rotor which is driven by the shaft through drive means including a one-way clutch. The striker is reciprocated in timed relation to rotation of the driven shaft and can be rotated about its own axis by a device which is operated to vary the timing of the spark in accordance with the speed of the engine.