Abstract: A driver device includes a control circuit for controlling an output stage circuit for supplying an output current to a coil, and makes a movable part move with the magnetism generated by the supplied output current. The control circuit can perform holding control to hold the state of the movable part unchanged by suspending its movement. During the holding control by the control circuit, application of an external force tending to change the state of the movable part against the holding control is detected based on the state of supply of electric power to the coil by the output stage circuit, the output current, or the current flowing through the output stage circuit.

Abstract: Devices and methods for automatically controlling a step bit operation in a power tool. The method includes generating, by a sensor of the power tool, sensor data indicative of an operational parameter of the power tool wherein a step bit is coupled to the power tool. An electronic control assembly of the power tool receives the sensor data, where the electronic control assembly includes an electronic processor and a memory. The memory stores a machine learning control program for execution by the electronic processor. The electronic control assembly processes the sensor data using a machine learning control program of the electronic control assembly and generates, using the machine learning program, an output based on the sensor data. The output indicates step bit progress information. The electronic control assembly controls a motor supported by the housing of the power tool based on the output.

Abstract: A flux machine includes a stator and a rotor. A set of electrical coil assemblies with side surfaces and sets of plural permanent magnets are arranged circularly on the stator and the rotor. Pole faces of the magnets are positioned adjacent to and spaced apart from side surfaces of permeable cores of the coil assemblies. In each coil assembly a pair of like pole faces of the magnets mutually face across the permeable core and a third magnet pole face faces transversely relative to the mutually facing pole faces of the pair of magnets.

Abstract: A robot arm comprising a joint mechanism for articulating one limb (310) of the arm relative to another limb (311) of the arm about two non-parallel rotation axes (20, 21), the mechanism comprising: an intermediate carrier (28) attached to a first one of the limbs by a first revolute joint having a first rotation axis and to a second one of the limbs by a second revolute joint having a second rotation axis; a first drive gear (33) disposed about the first rotation axis and fast with the carrier, whereby rotation of the carrier relative to the first limb about the first rotation axis can be driven; a second drive gear (37) disposed about the second rotation axis and fast with the second one of the limbs, whereby rotation of the second one of the limbs about the second rotation axis relative to the carrier can be driven; at least one of the first and second drive gears being a sector gear.

Abstract: A shield for an inductive position sensor is configured in shape to avoid compromising the inductive field variations related to the sensor's moving target. Said shield is shaped as at least one conductive strip and is laid along the direction of motion of the moving target. Said shield is arranged to prevent induced current in the shield that could affect the part of the inductive field used by the sensor. Improvements are also conferred by a demodulator circuit implementing a zero phase oscillator which simultaneously measures the inductance and the temperature of the sensor windings to reduce and compensate for the effects of the shield. Said conductive shield may also provide for the electrical connection to the far end of the winding. For multi-layer windings, connection of the winding closest to the shield to the lower impedance side of the demodulator also reduces the effect of the shield.

Abstract: There is provided a driving apparatus including: a rotation unit configured to be rotated about a center shaft by driving of a motor; a rotation angle acquisition unit configured to acquire information of a rotation angle of the rotation unit, as information proportional to the rotation angle; and a control unit configured to control the driving of the motor on the basis of the information of the rotation angle acquired by the rotation angle acquisition unit.

Abstract: A servo (1) includes a power input device (14), a gear assembly (15) drive-connected to the power input device (14), a power output frame (13) that is driven to rotate by the gear assembly (15), an output shaft (131) arranged at the power output frame (13), a magnetic encoding assembly (121) that is arranged at a rotation center axis of the power output frame (13) and used to detect a rotation angle of the output shaft (131) relative to the rotation center axis, and a circuit board (12) connected to the magnetic encoding assembly (121) and the power input device (14). The magnetic encoding assembly (121) does not tend to be affected by environment, to accurately detect the rotation angle of the output shaft (131) relative to the rotation center axis. Meanwhile, the magnetic encoding assembly (121) is simple to structure and light in weight, which facilitates it to be fixed to the servo (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a synchronous machine (1) including a stator (2) and a rotor (3). Said machine is provided with at least one sensor (1a) of the angular position of the rotor (3) and is characterized in that the stator (2) includes a winding provided such as to be supplied with polyphase current by an electronic power device. The rotor (3), which includes permanent magnets (4), is provided such as to rotate about the stator (2). The angular position sensor (1a) extends away from the rotor (3) and is in alignment with the latter at the permanent magnets (4).

Abstract: The present invention has for object a method for estimating the angular position of a rotor in relation to a stator in a rotary electric machine, such as an electric machine of an electric or hybrid motorization system, comprising: estimating the angular position and/or of the rotation speed of the rotor by a method of injecting high frequency signals as long as the absolute value of the rotation speed of the rotor, derived from said angular position, is less than a first predefined threshold; estimating the angular position and/or of the rotation speed of the rotor by a model coming from a learning method as long as the absolute value of the rotation speed of the rotor, derived from said angular position, is greater than a second predefined threshold.

Abstract: Electric motors are disclosed. The motors are preferably for use in an automated vehicle, although any one or more of a variety of motor uses are suitable. The motors include lift, turntable, and locomotion motors.

Abstract: A method for adjusting print speed during an additive manufacturing process may include receiving at an additive manufacturing machine, information including at least a current layer print speed. The method may further include determining a current layer print time based on at least the current layer print speed and adjusting the current layer print speed to an adjusted current layer print speed based on at least the current layer print time and a minimum layer cooling time. Further, the method may include printing a layer of a part at the adjusted current layer print speed.

Abstract: A power tool and a motor drive circuit thereof are provided. The motor drive circuit includes an inverter, a controller and a current sensor. The inverter includes a plurality of semiconductor switches and configured to convert a voltage from a power supply into an alternating current for an electric motor. The controller is configured to output detecting signals and drive signals for the inverter. The current sensor is configured to sample a current flowing through the motor, the current comprising a plurality of driving current portions corresponding to the drive signals and a plurality of position detecting current portions corresponding to the detecting signals. The controller determines the drive signals at least based on the position detecting current portions of the current so as to control power modes of the semiconductor switches in the inverter in a starting stage of the motor.

Abstract: A device for generating electrical power from fluid flow energy comprising a shaft member; at least one sleeve, wherein the shaft member passed through the at least one sleeve; a stationary stator, wherein the stationary stator coupled to the shaft member, and wherein the stationary stator comprising a first stator and a second stator, wherein the first stator is positioned adjacent to the second stator; and at least one moving stator, wherein the at least one moving stator positioned in concentric relation to the stationary stator.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting individual positions of a plurality of electrical contactors, including a plurality of modules each including a contactor having k separate contact positions each connected in series to a resistor associated with an integer status value between 1 and k and separate from other status values of a same module, each module being associated with a weighting coefficient and the weighting coefficients following a geometric progression of no less than k+1, the electrical conductance value of each resistor being equal to the status value thereof multiplied by the weighting coefficient of the module thereof.

Abstract: A cam-data creation device includes: a waveform generating/processing unit that generates at least one of a stroke waveform and a velocity waveform of a follower for each piece of cam data from cam data stored in a cam-data storage unit, a cam-data waveform-image processing unit that converts a waveform for each piece of cam data generated by the waveform generating/processing unit into image data, and a screen generating/processing unit that generates a list display window that collectively displays the waveform for every piece of cam data having been converted into image data by the cam-data waveform-image processing unit and displays the generated list display window on a display device.

Abstract: During displacement of an actuating element to a target position, a brushless direct-current motor is driven by a driving commutation pattern derived from rotor position signals. After the target position is reached the brushless direct-current motor is transferred to a holding mode in which it is driven by a commutation pattern providing a required holding torque. In the holding mode the holding current necessary for providing the required holding torque is minimized by an iterative holding current reduction method to a holding current value guaranteeing the required holding torque.

Abstract: A control device of a fan motor includes: a voltage sensor that detects a voltage applied to a fan motor; a switching portion that selectively connects to each of coils of the fan motor and a rectifier circuit; and a switching control portion that reduces a duty ratio of a driving pulse applied to the switching portion if the voltage detected by the voltage sensor exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: A control device of a three-phase AC motor includes: an inverter; a current sensor for a sensor phase current; and a controller switching a switching element of each phase of the inverter and having a current estimation device, which calculates a sensor-phase-standard current phase according to ? and ? axis currents and a current estimated value of another phase. The current estimation device calculates the ? axis current at every switching and intermediate timings, calculates a first differential value of the ? axis current at every switch timing, calculates the ? axis current according to the first differential value, calculates a second differential value of the ? axis current at every intermediate timing, and calculates the ? axis current according to the second differential value. The intermediate timing is set to have an unequal interval between two adjacent switch timings.

Abstract: A method of controlling a brushless permanent-magnet motor that includes rectifying an alternating voltage to provide a rectified voltage having a ripple of at least 50%, and exciting a winding of the motor with the rectified voltage. The winding is excited in advance of zero-crossings of back EMF by an advance period and is excited for a conduction period over each electrical half-cycle of the motor. The advance period and/or the conduction period are then adjusted in response to changes in the speed of the motor and/or the RMS value of the alternating voltage so as to maintain constant average power. Additionally, a control system that implements the method, and a motor system that incorporates the control system.

Abstract: A system for determining the angular position of a synchronous motor includes an encoder with a friction wheel engaging a rotating surface of the motor. The friction wheel is spun by the rotation of the motor, and the encoder generates a signal corresponding to the angular position of the friction wheel. An independent, sensor is provided to generate a pulse once per revolution of the motor. The independent sensor detects the presence of a target on the rotating surface of the motor and generates the pulse when the target is proximate to the sensor. A controller receives the signal corresponding to the angular position of the friction wheel as well as the pulse generated by the independent sensor to determine the angular position of the motor. The controller compensates the angular position of the motor each time the pulse is generated, correcting accumulated position error.

Abstract: A motor assembly that includes a motor (102) having a rotatable shaft, a hub coupled to the rotatable shaft, the hub having a propeller indexer to receive a propeller (104), when the propeller is present, a sensor trigger rotatable with the shaft (100) and positioned at a propeller offset angle ?PROP from the propeller indexer, and a sensor coupled to the motor and positioned to detect the sensor trigger so that the propeller indexer may be positioned at the propeller offset angle ?PROP from the sensor through rotation of the shaft so that said sensor is proximate to the sensor trigger.

Abstract: A commutated electric drive has an electric motor having a sensor assembly which has a permanent magnet on a shaft of the electric motor and an analog Hall sensor situated stationary relative to the stator of the electric motor opposite to the permanent magnet. A controller for controlling the windings of the electric motor has a memory for storing a calibration Hall signal of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet, measured using the Hall sensor, over one revolution of the shaft. The controller has a device for comparing the calibration Hall signal with an instantaneous Hall signal of the instantaneous magnetic field of the permanent magnet, measured using the Hall sensor. Temperature effects and aging effects may be recognized and taken into account when determining the rotor position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating electrical energy comprises driven permanent magnets mounted tangentially on a freely rotating disk attached to a relatively stationary platform, and driver permanent magnets mounted on the platform radially to the disk. As the disk rotates, as a driven magnet approaches a driver magnet, their respective opposite poles attract, accelerating the disk. After the driven magnet passes the driver magnet, their like poles repel, also accelerating the disk. When the two permanent magnets are in close proximity, such that repulsion between like poles would decelerate the disk, an electromagnet is engaged between the two permanent to counteract this counterproductive force. One or more coils generate electricity through electromagnetic induction when the driven magnet passes them. A portion of this electricity powers the electromagnet, and the balance is the net energy generated.

Abstract: A rotating electromechanical machine has a rotor having at least one current-carrying winding and at least one rotor-mounted sensor configured to sense a machine property or parameter during machine operation. Rotor-mounted circuitry dynamically modifies at least one property of the current-carrying winding during machine operation in response to the sensed machine property or parameter.

Abstract: In a driver, a charging module stores negative charge on the gate of a switching element via a normal electrical path to charge the switching element upon a drive signal representing change of an on state to an off state. This shifts the on state of the switching element to the off state. An adjusting module changes a value of a parameter correlating with a charging rate of the switching element through the normal electrical path as a function of an input signal to the driver. The input signal represents a current flowing through the conductive path, a voltage across both ends of the conductive path, or a voltage at the gate. A disabling module disables the adjusting module from changing the value of the parameter if the drive signal represents the on state of the switching element.

Abstract: A rotating electromechanical machine has a rotor having at least one current-carrying winding and at least one rotor-mounted sensor configured to sense a machine property or parameter during machine operation. Rotor-mounted circuitry dynamically modifies at least one property of the current-carrying winding during machine operation in response to the sensed machine property or parameter.

Abstract: A motor drive method of the invention is to drive a brushless motor having a rotor, a stator, and a hall element used as a position detecting sensor. While driving the brushless motor, when executing a correction process for a rotation speed of the rotor, the correction process is skipped for a predetermined number of times according to a position detection signal.

Abstract: A system for determining an initial position of a rotor (9) of a PMSM motor includes a motor controller (2) coupled to a plurality of phase windings of the motor by means of an actuation circuit (3). A processor (12) and an interface circuit (14) are coupled to the processor and the phase windings. The processor determines if the rotor speed is zero, and if so causes the actuation circuit to sequentially apply voltage signals (Vab, Vba, Vac, Vca, Vbc, and Vcb) to the phase windings to produce corresponding phase winding current signals (Iab, Icb, Ica, Iba, Ibc, Iac) in the various phase windings. The phase winding current signals are sensed and digitized. The processor then determines a position of a magnetic flux path associated with the rotor by computing the initial position of the rotor from one of the digitized phase winding current signals associated with the predetermined magnetic flux path.

Abstract: A drive unit, which can be included in an image forming apparatus with peripherals disposed thereto and use a control method therefore, includes an inner rotor brushless DC motor, a driver, a rotation detector, and a controller. The driver supplies power to drive the brushless DC motor. The rotation detector detects an amount and direction of rotations of an output shaft. The controller controls the rotations of the brushless DC motor and obtains a target drive signal of the brushless DC motor externally and a detection signal from the rotation detector and outputs a signal to the driver. The controller controls a speed of rotation of the brushless DC motor by varying the signal output to the driver based on the target drive signal and the detection signal.

Abstract: A transverse flux machine includes a stator having a circular coil wound in a rotational direction and a rotor arranged to face the first ferromagnet across a gap. The stator has a plurality of first ferromagnets surrounding a part of the circular coil in the rotational direction separately. The rotor is rotatable about a center axis of the circular coil relative to the stator. The rotor has a plurality of second ferromagnets arranged in the rotational direction separately. A first member and a second member are inserted between adjacent ones of the second ferromagnets. The first member and the second member generate two magnetic fields opposite to each other in the circumference direction.

Abstract: A control device for a three-phase alternate current motor, includes: a control phase current acquisition means; a monitor phase current acquisition means; a rotation angle acquisition means; a two-phase control current value current calculation means; a one-phase current estimated value estimation means; a voltage command value calculation means; an other phase current estimation means for calculating a monitor or a control phase current estimated value; an abnormality detection means for detecting an abnormality in a monitor phase or a control phase current sensor; and a switching means for switching between a monitoring stop mode, in which the voltage command value is calculated based on the two-phase control current value, and a monitoring mode, in which the voltage command value is calculated based on the one-phase current estimated value, and the abnormality detection means detects the abnormality, at predetermined time intervals.

Abstract: An embedded controller in a vehicle electronics subsystem includes a signal processing circuit used to communicate with an electric machine. The signal processing circuit may be configured to receive an input signal from the electric machine and provide digital output signals to the embedded controller. The digital output signals may include Hall position and rotor position signals. Once the digital output signals are processed by a processor embedded within the controller, the processor may issue a control command to the electric machine. The processor may have memory containing software to make the processor execute the computation of the control command of the electric machine in accordance with a torque command.

Abstract: In a wiper motor including a motor unit having a rotating shaft, and a gear unit having a speed reduction mechanism for reducing and outputting the speed-reduced rotation, a first speed reduction gear forming a speed reduction mechanism is provided to one end side of a rotating shaft, a sensor magnet is fixed to the other end side of the rotating shaft, a control board is provided so as to face the other end side of the rotating shaft from the axial direction of the rotating shaft, a MR sensor for detecting a rotational state of the rotating shaft is provided to a facing portion of the control board to the sensor magnet, and coil end portions of coils configured to generate an electromagnetic force for rotating the rotating shaft on the basis of supply of drive current from the control board is electrically connected to the control board.

Abstract: A system for determining an initial position of a rotor (9) of a PMSM motor includes a motor controller (2) coupled to a plurality of phase windings of the motor by means of an actuation circuit (3). A processor (12) and an interface circuit (14) are coupled to the processor and the phase windings. The processor determines if the rotor speed is zero, and if so causes the actuation circuit to sequentially apply voltage signals (Vab, Vba, Vac, Vca, Vbc, and Vcb) to the phase windings to produce corresponding phase winding current signals (Iab, Icb, Ica, Iba, Ibc, Iac) in the various phase windings. The phase winding current signals are sensed and digitized. The processor then determines a position of a magnetic flux path associated with the rotor by computing the initial position of the rotor from one of the digitized phase winding current signals associated with the predetermined magnetic flux path.

Abstract: A semiconductor device that controls a motor driving device. The semiconductor device includes: a position detection section that detects changes in a turning position of a rotor provided at a motor and outputs detection signals corresponding to the changing turning position; a first switching section that, in accordance with the detection signals, outputs ground switching signals, which switch which end portion of a coil is connected to a ground side, to a first switching circuit; and a second switching section that, in accordance with the detection signals, outputs connection switching signals, which switch which end portion of the coil is connected to a driving power supply side, to a third switching circuit that controls the switching of connections between the end portions of the coil and the driving power supply side by a second switching circuit.

Abstract: An independent drive device for an aircraft, the drive device comprising a motor member, a drive mechanism for driving an aircraft wheel, which is adapted to co-operate with the wheel to drive it for rotation, and a coupling mechanism interposed between the motor member and the drive mechanism to selectively couple the wheel to the motor member. The coupling mechanism comprises two coupling members of complementary shape, comprising a first coupling member that rotates with the drive and a second coupling member that rotates with the motor member. The independent drive device includes measurement device for generating information representative of a relative speed of rotation of the second coupling member and the first coupling member. The drive device is associated with a motor controller that causes the motor to rotate so as to cancel the relative speed of rotation between the coupling members prior to coupling them together.

Abstract: A motor controller controlling a rotational speed of a motor and including a thermal detector, a capacitor, an operational amplifier (OP), a charging/discharging circuit, a flip-flop and a logic circuit. The thermal detector detects environmental temperature of the motor to set a first reference voltage. The capacitor has one terminal coupled to a second reference voltage while another terminal thereof is charged/discharged by the charging/discharging circuit, controlled by a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, to provide a third reference voltage. The OP compares the first and third reference voltages and outputs the comparison result to a ‘set’ terminal of the flip-flop. The flip-flop further uses a ‘reset’ terminal to receive a clock signal and the output signal thereof is utilized in generating the PWM signal. The PWM signal is further provided to the logic circuit for setting a duty cycle of a driving current of the motor.

Abstract: A self-adjusting door closer is disclosed. The door closer is self powered and includes a control unit to intelligently control a valve within the door closer to vary the operating characteristics of the door closer as needed. The controller includes a position sensor to determine a position of the door, and at least one input switch to enable user selection of at least one door closer parameter for an installed door closer. The control circuitry is operable to set the valve in response to the user selection of the door closer parameters, and the position of the door, in order to control force exerted by the door closer on the door. A generator can be provided to provide electricity to power the controller and store power to operate the controller.

Abstract: A thinly configured and brushless miniature DC micro motor that includes at least two substantially-flat motor cells that are aligned axially. Each motor cell comprises a stator coil having an elongate opening and passage for a rotor shaft, and a cross-polarized rotor magnet carried on the rotor shaft and received within the elongate opening. The micro motor also includes a frame substrate that fixably supports the stator coils of the motor cells while providing a bearing means for rotatably supporting the rotor shaft, so that selectively energizing one of the motor cells creates an electric current in the stator coil interacting with a magnetic field of the received rotor magnet to generate a torque between the rotor shaft and the frame substrate.

Abstract: A control system for electrical equipment, the system including: a system controller; a motor; and a signal transducer. The system controller outputs a plurality of rotation switch signals, and the rotation switch signals are high-voltage AC signals. The motor is a brushless DC motor or electronically commutated motor (ECM). The signal transducer is connected between the system controller and the ECM, and includes a rotation switch sensing circuit, a microprocessor controller, and an interface signal processing circuit. The rotation switch sensing circuit detects the rotation switch signals output from the system controller, and transmits the rotation switch signals to the microprocessor controller for processing. The microprocessor controller is connected with the ECM via the interface signal processing circuit.

Abstract: A rotating electromechanical machine has a rotor having at least one current-carrying winding and at least one rotor-mounted sensor configured to sense a machine property or parameter during machine operation. Rotor-mounted circuitry dynamically modifies at least one property of the current-carrying winding during machine operation in response to the sensed machine property or parameter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multi-phase switched reluctance motor apparatus including: a multi-phase switched reluctance motor; a position sensing sensor provided at one side of the multi-phase switched reluctance motor; and a controller connected to the multi-phase switched reluctance motor and the position sensing sensor and controlling power in a multi-phase excitation scheme according to a detection angle of the position sensing sensor to supply the power to the multi-phase switched reluctance motor. The multi-phase switched reluctance motor may generate a reluctance torque while reducing torque pulsation, noise, and vibration.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for driving a BLDC motor, the apparatus including: a BLDC motor having a single sensing coil therein; a position/speed calculation unit for calculating a current position and a current speed of a rotor by using voltages at both ends of the sensing coil; a control unit for comparing the current speed of the rotor calculated by the position/speed calculation unit with a command speed and then outputting a control signal through a Proportional Integral (PI) control; a motor driving unit for generating a PWM signal based on the current position of the rotor calculated by the position/speed calculation unit and the control signal output by the control unit; and a power device unit for controlling the BLDC motor according to the PWM signal generated by the motor driving unit.

Abstract: A Back EMF reducing DC motor system and method of operation are disclosed. The disclosed system and method are designed to exploit Transformer Voltage properties and include a rotor element shaped to periodically move a flux zone along a stator face. Incoming DC motor power from an external source may be appropriately conditioned and applied to a power supply, Storage Capacitors may also communicate with the power supply. A controller receives power from the power supply and communicates with the DC motor. A position sensor or other indicator may also communicate DC motor operational conditions to the controller. A recapture storage device may receive recaptured power from the DC motor via the controller. The recaptured power may he used to power an external load, or to reduce the input power necessary to operate the DC motor.

Abstract: A power tool that includes a brushless DC motor, one or more motor sensors, and a controller, such as, for example, an electronic speed control (ESC) circuit. The controller is adapted to provide instructions to control the operation of one or more parameters of the brushless DC motor. The controller is also adapted to receive feedback from one or more motor sensors that reflect whether the motor is attaining the one or more parameters. The controller may also be adapted to have a learning mode, in which feedback provided during use of the power tool is stored by the controller as a program so that the same operating parameters may be subsequently replicated by using the program to operate the tool. The controller may also use the feedback to adjust the operation of the motor so that the motor maintains one or more selected or programed operating parameters.

Abstract: An in-wheel motor having an inner stationary portion (the stator), and an outer rotating portion (the rotor) that rotates around the stator and drives a wheel directly attached to the rotor. The stator may comprise an inner support structure around which a plurality of magnets having windings are disposed in a circumferential fashion. The rotor circumferentially surrounds the stator, and includes permanent magnets placed at an interval along a surface of the rotor. An intermediate layer between the rotor and the stator is comprised of a bearing that allows movement of the rotor relative to the stator. By attaching a wheel directly to the outer surface of the rotor, a compact and efficient wheel-mounted electrical motor may be provided.

Abstract: A door operator with an electrical back check feature is disclosed. Embodiments of the present invention are realized by a motorized door operator that electrically creates a back check force for an opening door. The door operator simulates the back check normally created by hydraulic means in convention door closers, but without the use of pistons, springs or hydraulic fluid. The door operator includes a motor disposed to operatively connect to a door so that the door will open when the motor moves, and a position sensor to determine a position of the door. A processor is programmed to exert a closing force on the door in the back check region. In some embodiments, the closing force is exerted by injecting a voltage into the electric motor of the door operator.

Abstract: A motor having an alternating current electrical source, a light power circuitry, a stationary transcutaneous energy transmission coil spaced from a rotatable transcutaneous energy transmission coil, a plurality of phototransistor arrays positioned on a rotatable platform and each phototransistor array corresponds to and rotates in conjunction with an armature winding used in the motor. Each phototransistor array (i) receives an alternating current from the rotatable transcutaneous energy transmission coil, and (ii) charges (a) each armature winding to a constant high voltage when the motor is operating and (b) each phototransistor/MOSFET power source to a desired power level. When the light from the light power circuitry contacts a phototransmitter, the phototransistor array is turned on so the armature winding associated with that phototransmitter generates an instantaneous maximum magnetic field.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an engine unit to perform an image forming job, an engine control unit to control operation of the engine unit, a plurality of brushless direct current (BLDC) motors to operate the engine unit, a communication interface unit to receive a digital control command for the plurality of brushless DC motors from the engine control unit, a sensor unit to sense operation information of the plurality of brushless DC motors, an operation signal unit to generate an operation signal to control the plurality of brushless DC motors, and a speed control unit to control operation of the operation signal unit according to the received digital control command and sensing result of the sensor unit.

Abstract: An intelligent modular rotary multi-sensor sensor ring platform for such uses as in mobile robotics allows a few sensors to scan the local area and environment, provides a cost saving, volume and a power savings as well as reducing calibration and maintenance costs. The sensor ring platform has a large internal diameter allowing a maximum area for the chassis structural elements as well as other equipment located in the chassis. Local sensor signal processing is combined with time, rotation speed and position data stamps to allow processed data to be used locally as well as to be transferred to other systems or subsystems or for data logging purposes.