Abstract: A robot system includes: a robot comprising a joint driven by a motor; and a circuitry configured to: execute position control of the motor based on position commands; store torque commands generated based on the position commands during execution of the position control of the motor; and execute torque control of the motor based on the stored torque commands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a self-moving device, including: a housing, a movement module configured to drive the housing to move, a drive module configured to drive the movement module to move, and a control module configured to control the self-moving device. A non-contact obstacle recognition sensor assembly is disposed on the housing. After the obstacle recognition sensor assembly detects that an obstacle exists in a movement direction, the control module controls the self-moving device to continue moving and steer until the obstacle is avoided. The movement direction is a forward driving direction of the self-moving device.

Abstract: An autonomous work vehicle is adapted to be guided by a signal emitted by a wire disposed at a working area. The autonomous work vehicle includes a control unit comprising a processor, and at least one sensor detecting the signal emitted by the wire. The wire includes an area wire surrounding the working area, and a shortcut wire disposed inside the working area. When the at least one sensor detects the shortcut wire while the autonomous work vehicle is tracing the area wire at a predetermined variable distance, the control unit is configured to control the autonomous work vehicle to trace the shortcut wire at a predetermined variable distance.

Abstract: The autonomous working machine including: a magnetic field detection part for detecting a magnetic field generated by the energization to the area wire; a storage part for storing a reference value of the magnetic field detection by the magnetic field detection part; a control part for controlling a traveling route based on the reference value stored in the storage part and the magnetic field detected by the magnetic field detection means; and an input part for receiving a selection of a first reference value used in a case where the area wire is installed at a first distance from the ground or a second reference value used in a case where the area wire is installed at a second distance from the ground, wherein the control part controls a traveling route based on the first reference value or the second reference value selected by the input part.

Abstract: The various embodiments described herein generally relate to systems and methods for operating one or more self-driving vehicles. In some embodiments, the self-driving vehicles may include a vehicle processor being operable to: control the vehicle to navigate an operating environment in an initial vehicle navigation mode; monitor for one or more trigger conditions indicating a possible change for the vehicle navigation mode; detect a trigger condition; determine a prospective vehicle navigation mode associated with the detected trigger condition; determine whether to change from the initial vehicle navigation mode to the prospective vehicle navigation mode; and in response to determining to change from the initial vehicle navigation mode to the prospective vehicle navigation mode, adjust one or more vehicle attributes corresponding to the prospective vehicle navigation mode, otherwise continue to operate the vehicle in the initial vehicle navigation mode.

Abstract: A work zone boundary demarcation apparatus to demarcate boundaries that divide a work area (AR) to be serviced by at least one autonomously navigating work machine into multiple zones (ARn), equipped with a computer having at least a processor, a memory, an input-output circuit and a simulation program loaded in the memory to simulate work of the work machine in the work area; wherein the processor is configured to perform as a boundary demarcation unit that demarcates boundaries which divide the work area into multiple zones, a simulation execution unit that executes simulation of work of the work machine in the multiple zones divided by the boundaries demarcated by the boundary demarcation unit, a boundary re-demarcation unit that re-demarcates boundaries demarcated by the boundary demarcation unit based on results of the simulation executed by the simulation execution unit, and a zone display unit that displays the multiple zones divided by the boundaries re-demarcated by the boundary re-demarcation unit.

Abstract: A map updating technique offers the performance advantages gained by robots using a good-quality static map for autonomous navigation within an environment, while providing the convenience of automatic updating. In particular, one or more robots log data while performing autonomous navigation in the environment according to the static map, and a computer appliance, such as a centralized server, collects the logged data as historic logged data, and performs a map update process using the historic logged data. Such operations provide for periodic or as needed updating of the static map, based on observational data from the robot(s) that capture changes in the environment, without need for taking the robot(s) offline for the computation.

Abstract: Disclosed are an autonomously traveling mobile robot and a traveling control method thereof, which can control the traveling of the mobile robot according to a first traveling mode in which the mobile robot travels by following obstacles located around the mobile robot or a second traveling mode in which the mobile robot travels in consideration of a positional relation with an existing traveling trajectory through which the mobile robot has already traveled, and generate candidate spots where the mobile robot can travel while the mobile robot travels along the traveling trajectory to implement a spiral cleaning pattern.

Abstract: A method for perceiving a model of an environment, including: capturing a plurality of data while the robot moves within the environment, wherein: the plurality of data comprises at least a first data and a second data captured by a first sensor of a first sensor type and a second sensor of a second sensor type, respectively; the first sensor type is an imaging sensor; the second senor type captures movement data; an active source of illumination is positioned adjacent to the imaging sensor such that reflections of illumination light illuminating a path of the robot fall within a field of view of the imaging sensor; perceiving the model of the environment based on at least a portion of the plurality of data; storing the model of the environment in a memory; and transmitting the model of the environment to an application of a smartphone.

Abstract: An automatic generation method for a robot return-to-base code includes the following steps that: on the basis of a preset signal collection mode, a robot collects a guide signal which is sent by a charging base and distributed within a preset range (S1); the robot transmits signal information and position information of the robot recorded when the guide signal is collected to a data processing device (S2); and the data processing device generates a robot return-to-base code corresponding to the charging base according to the received signal information and position information (S3). By means of the information collected by the robot in different modes, the data processing device automatically generates, according to the information, the robot return-to-base code corresponding to the charging base, so that research and development personnel do not need to delve into a robot return-to-base algorithm or write a specific return-to-base code.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to utilizing unmanned vehicles for insurance claim processing. For example, a UAV may be directed to proceed to a property, collect damage data, and, based on analysis of the data, determine whether additional damage is occurring. Additional data can be collected in response to the determination. Data can be collected from a sensor within the property as well as a sensor of the UAV.

Abstract: A cleaning robot and a method of controlling the same, the cleaning robot performing docking by detecting light emitted from a docking station using a Lidar sensor or a light receiving element separately provided on a printed circuit board (PCB) of the Lidar sensor, and performing docking based on the number of light emitting elements of the docking station identified according to the detected light are provided. The cleaning robot includes a main body, a drive unit configured to move the main body, a Lidar sensor including a Lidar optical transmitter, a Lidar optical receiver, and the PCB to which the Lidar optical transmitter and the Lidar optical receiver are fixed and provided to be rotatable, a docking optical receiver fixed to the PCB and configured to receive light emitted from the docking optical transmitter of the docking station, and at least one processor is configured to control the drive unit to be docked on the docking station based on light received by the docking optical receiver.

Abstract: An autonomous mobile robotic device that may carry and transport one or more items within an environment. The robotic device may comprise a container within which the one or more items may be stored. The robotic device may pick up and deliver the one or more items to one or more locations. The robotic device may be provided with scheduling information for task execution or pickup and delivery of one or more items. Once tasks are complete, the robotic device may autonomously navigate to a storage location.

Abstract: A recharging method for a mobile robot includes: receiving a recharging signal transmitted by a charging station when the mobile robot is in a recharging working state; moving forward toward the charging station by the mobile robot according to the recharging signal; performing a U-turn operation by the mobile robot when the mobile robot determines that a front end of the mobile robot is aligned with a position of the charging station; and moving backward along the direction approaching the charging station to move to the position where the pole piece of the charging station is located by the mobile robot.

Abstract: A marker detection device which detects a magnetic marker laid in a road by using a sensor unit in which a plurality of combinations of a magnetic sensor and a magnetic-field generation coil are arranged includes a storage part which stores characteristic information of each magnetic-field generation coil, an estimation part which estimates a magnetic differential value acting on the magnetic sensor due to a current differential value acting on the magnetic-field generation coil by referring to the characteristic information of each magnetic-field generation coil, and a calibration part which calibrates each magnetic sensor so as to enhance uniformity in sensitivity, which is a ratio between an output differential value of the magnetic sensor in accordance with a change of a current by the current differential value acting on the magnetic-field generation coil and the estimated magnetic differential value.

Abstract: The application provides a multifunctional robotic device including a body, an energy unit installed in the body, a power unit powered by the energy unit, the power unit including an output shaft wherein the output shaft is located at the lower part of the body and exposed from the body, and at least two working units, the working unit is detachably connected to output shaft of the power unit and driven by the power unit.

Abstract: A delivery system S performs authenticating process of authenticating at least any one of an UGV 1 and an article delivered by the UGV 1 in a case where the UGV 1 arrives at a delivery destination, and performs opening/closing control of a first carry-in port from which the article is carried in at the delivery destination on the basis of the authentication result of the UGV 1 or the article delivered by the UGV 1.

Abstract: An advanced map DB 43 stored on a server device 4 includes pulse type information that is configuration information for detecting a landmark using a LIDAR 2. By sending request information D1 including own vehicle position information, the vehicle mounted device 1 receives response information D2 including pulse type information corresponding to a landmark around the own vehicle position and controls the LIDAR 2 on the basis of the received pulse type information.

Abstract: A robot configured to perceive a model of an environment, including: a chassis; a set of wheels; a plurality of sensors; a processor; and memory storing instructions that when executed by the processor effectuates operations including: capturing a plurality of data while the robot moves within the environment; perceiving the model of the environment based on at least a portion of the plurality of data, the model being a top view of the environment; storing the model of the environment in a memory accessible to the processor; and transmitting the model of the environment and a status of the robot to an application of a smartphone previously paired with the robot.

Abstract: An outdoor robotic tool comprising a first part and a second part, wherein the first part supports the second part through a suspension arrangement. The suspension arrangement comprises a first component, which comprises at least one magnetic member; and a second component, which comprises at least one magnetic member. The first component is attached to the first part, wherein the second component is attached to the second part, wherein at least one of the magnetic members of suspension arrangement is a permanent magnet; and wherein a magnetic member of the first component is positioned so as to magnetically interact with a magnetic member of the second component when in use. A magnetic field sensing unit may be present that comprises a control unit and a magnetic field sensor. A method for detecting the alignment of the first part relative to the second part, wherein the method comprises detecting the magnetic field using the magnetic field sensing unit.

Abstract: An electronic system and method controls automatic or semi-automatic docking of a vehicle with a given docking area, applicable, in particular, to the docking of an airport vehicle, such as a baggage belt loader, a catering vehicle, etc., to the fuselage of an aircraft, for example to the door of such an aircraft. The given docking area comprises at least one target.

Abstract: An information processing method in a server device includes obtaining first information on an object to be sucked by a self-propelled vacuum cleaner, specifying a first article constituted by the object to be sucked based on the first information, specifying a second article relating to the first article based on second information on the first article and third information on an owner of the first article, and outputting fourth information on the specified second article.

Abstract: An information processing method in a server device includes obtaining first information obtained by at least one of one or more sensors installed in a space, detecting the breakage of an article present in the space based on the first information, estimating a situation where the breakage of the article occurred based on the first information, and outputting second information for causing a self-propelled device to perform a predetermine operation in the space according to the estimated situation.

Abstract: An accommodation area management device which manages an accommodation area for accommodating a moving body and stops the moving body at a predetermined accommodation position in the accommodation area includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire autonomous movement level information related to autonomous movement that the moving body can perform and a processing unit configured to determine an accommodation position for stopping the moving body based on the autonomous movement level information when the moving body enters the accommodation area.

Abstract: A vehicle comprises an autonomous driving system and a vehicle platform that controls the vehicle in response to a command received from the autonomous driving system. In the present vehicle, when the autonomous driving system issues a first command to request the vehicle platform to provide deceleration to stop the vehicle and a first signal indicates 0 km/h or a prescribed velocity or less, the autonomous driving system issues a second command to request the vehicle platform to maintain stationary. And after brake hold control is finished, a second signal indicates standstill. Until the second signal indicates standstill, the first command continues to request the vehicle platform to provide deceleration.

Abstract: A vehicle may include a frame structure, a body mounted to the frame structure, and a vehicle navigation system. The vehicle navigation system may include a navigation sensor mounted to the frame structure, and a processor in communication with the navigation sensor. The navigation sensor may be configured to detect reference elements disposed in or on a road on which the vehicle travels. The processor may be configured to receive, from the navigation sensor, signals indicative of a sequence or pattern of detected reference elements. The processor may also be configured to determine, using the received signals, at least one of a position, velocity, or orientation of the vehicle on the road.

Abstract: Included is a surface cleaning service system including: one or more robotic surface cleaning devices, each including: a chassis; a set of wheels; one or more motors to drive the wheels; one or more processors; one or more sensors; and a network interface card, wherein the one or more processors of each of the one or more robotic surface cleaning devices determine respective usage data. A control system or the one or more processors of each of the one or more robotic surface cleaning devices is configured to associate each usage data with a particular corresponding robotic surface cleaning device of the one or more robotic surface cleaning devices.

Abstract: A vehicle including a magnetic detecting part for detecting a magnetic marker disposed in a road is configured to acquire marker state information indicating the state of the magnetic marker from an external server apparatus via wireless communication and diagnose the state of the magnetic detecting part by using a result of detection of the magnetic marker in which the state of the magnetic marker indicated by the marker state information is good, thereby allowing inspection cost and cost of maintenance of the magnetic detecting part for detecting the magnetic marker to be suppressed.

Abstract: A power system and a power method for a power system that includes a first power source operatively connected to an input of a first power device. The power system also includes a switch unit having a first input operatively connected to the output of the first power device. The power system further includes a second power source operatively connected to a second input of a second power device. A second output of the second power device connects to a second input of the switch unit, wherein a third output of the switch unit provides an output parameter responsive to at least one of the output of the first power device and the second output of the second power device.

Abstract: A drive arrangement for a vehicle, the drive arrangement comprising a rotatable interface arranged to be mounted to the vehicle, wherein the rotatable interface is rotatably coupled to a mounting arm to allow continuous rotation of the mounting arm in a clockwise and anti clockwise direction that is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal and transverse axis of the vehicle; and a first electric motor having a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator is coupled to the mounting arm to allow the axis of the rotor to be substantially perpendicular to the rotational axis of the rotatable interface, wherein the rotor is arranged to be coupled to a wheel of the vehicle to allow the electric motor to provide drive torque to the wheel.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a frame, a drive assembly supported by the frame, an electronic system supported by the frame, and a cleaning assembly coupled to the frame. The drive assembly is configured to move the frame along a surface. The cleaning assembly is configured to engage the surface to transfer detritus from the surface to a storage volume supported by the frame. The electronic system has at least a processor and a memory. The processor is configured to define a path along which the drive assembly travels and is configured to redefined a path along which the drive assembly travels based on at least one signal received from at least one sensor.

Abstract: An autonomous moving transfer robot, including a main body with a base and a vertical plate; a traveling mechanism having a driving wheel and a driven wheel mounted on the base; a working mechanism having two manipulators, each with a mechanical arm, a proximal end of which is connected to the vertical plate, and a clamp pivotally connected to a distal end of the mechanical arm; the mechanical arms enable the clamps to reach a desired position, and the manipulators drive the clamps to grip and release a target object; a carrying mechanism having a plurality of plate-shaped carrying members for carrying the target object, the carrying members being fixed on the same side of the vertical plate, and arranged at intervals along the vertical direction; and a control system for controlling the walking/stopping and steering of the traveling mechanism and the movement of the manipulators.

Abstract: An apparatus such as a robot capable of performing goal oriented tasks may include one or more touch sensors to receive touch perception feedback on the location of objects and structures within an environment. A fusion engine may be configured to combine touch perception data with other types of sensor data such as data received from an image or distance sensor. The apparatus may combine distance sensor data with touch sensor data using inference models such as Bayesian inference. The touch sensor may be mounted onto an adjustable arm of a robot. The apparatus may use the data it has received from both a touch sensor and distance sensor to build a map of its environment and perform goal oriented tasks such as cleaning or moving objects.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to a system and method of compensating for any forces induced by components of a robotic driving system, the robotic driving system including a turntable defining a steering axis and mounted to a steering wheel of a vehicle including an automated steering system, a robot frame mounted to the vehicle and including a support member, a transmission device coupled to the support member and operatively coupled to the turntable, a steering motor in driving engagement with the transmission device, a load sensor mounted between the support member and the transmission device at a known distance from the steering axis, and a controller in communication with the steering motor and the load sensor, the controller configured to adjust a steering torque generated by the steering motor to compensate for any forces induced by said robotic driving system to prevent overriding the automated steering system.

Abstract: A sheet-shaped magnetic marker to be laid on a road surface so as to be able to be detected by a magnetic sensor attached to a vehicle to achieve assist for driving operation of the vehicle by a driver or control on a vehicle side to achieve automatic driving independently from operation of the driver has a magnet sheet (11) as a magnetism generation source and a wireless tag (2) which outputs information via wireless communication to the vehicle side. In the magnetic marker, the wireless tag (2) is interposed between a sheet (11A) and a sheet (11B) configuring the magnet sheet (11), and the entire wireless tag (2) is accommodated inside the magnet sheet (11).

Abstract: A device, system and method for determining a position of a movable object on a two-dimensional surface obtains, via an image capture device attached to the movable object, at least one image of a portion of the two-dimensional surface. At one virtual marker is identified in at least one image, and a previously determined estimated position of the at least one virtual marker is retrieved. The previously determined estimated position determined from a combination of an image of at least one anchor point on the two-dimensional surface, the at least one anchor point defining a unique position on the two-dimensional surface, and odometry measurements based on at least two images of the two-dimensional surface. The position of the movable object on the two-dimensional surface is determined from the estimated position of the at least one virtual marker.

Abstract: A system and method for power management of hybrid electric vehicles is provided. In some implementations, a plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle may include an engine, a motor/generator (MG), a traction motor, an energy storage device, and a controller. The controller is coupled to the engine and the MG to control operation of the engine and the MG such that a state-of-charge (SOC) of the energy storage device tracks a dynamic reference SOC profile during a trip and an average engine power (AEP) is maintained above a threshold. In some instances, maintaining AEP above a threshold supports emission control of the vehicle.

Abstract: An information processing device includes: a processor configured to: collect monitoring information indicating circumstances of a monitoring area from a plurality of monitoring information acquiring units, detect an object which is located in the monitoring area on the basis of the monitoring information, update map information of the monitoring area using position information indicating a position of the object, and provide the map information to a working machine that performs predetermined work in the monitoring area.

Abstract: An industrial vehicle comprising a tag reader, a reader module, and a diagnostic tag, wherein the diagnostic tag is coupled to the industrial truck within a read range of the tag reader. The reader module and the tag reader cooperate to identify the diagnostic tag and individual tags of a tag layout and the reader module discriminates between the individual tags of the tag layout and the diagnostic tag and the individual tags of the tag layout, correlates an identified individual tag of the tag layout with tag data, correlates an identified diagnostic tag with operation of the tag reader, and generates a missing tag signal if the diagnostic tag is not identified or the operation of the tag reader is not within specified operating parameters.

Abstract: An electric motor control device includes a target torque setting unit setting target torque for each of a right-side control circuit and a left-side control circuit, and a failure occurrence determination unit determining whether there is a failure occurrence in at least one of the two control circuits. The target torque setting unit sets, in response to there being a failure occurrence in a failure control circuit that is one of the two control circuits and there being a no failure occurrence in a normal control circuit that is the other of the two control circuits, fail-safe torque which is lower than a normal value of the target torque as the target torque for the failure control circuit, and sets failure-time target torque which is lower than the normal value of the target torque and being higher than the fail-safe torque as the target torque for the normal control circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides an automatic deviation correction control method for a hoisting system, comprising the following steps: obtaining a lateral displacement X and an advancing included angle ? generated by the deflection of the hoisting system; when the lateral displacement X is not 0 and the advancing included angle ? is not 0, determining whether the lateral displacement X and the advancing included angle ? satisfy a preset condition; if the lateral displacement X and the advancing included angle ? do not satisfy the preset condition, controlling the hoisting system to correct the deviation toward a center line; and if the lateral displacement X and the advancing included angle ? satisfy the preset condition, controlling the hoisting system to correct the deviation toward the center line in a reverse direction.

Abstract: A system comprising an autonomous mobile device and a base station connected to a boundary wire is configured to transmit information from the base station to the autonomous mobile device. The base station is configured to generate a radio signal to be emitted by the boundary wire, wherein the autonomous mobile device is configured to autonomously drive within a working area based on the signal emitted by the boundary wire. The base station on the other hand is configured to encode data and/or commands into the radio signal which is then emitted by the boundary wire. The autonomous mobile device receive the emitted radio signal and is configured to decode the encoded data and/or commands in order to retrieve the original information.

Abstract: A guiding vehicle (100) for an intralogistics system, wherein the guiding vehicle (100) is remote controlled or autonomous and configured to be connected to a self-propelled load bearing cart (200), and guide and control the propulsion of the self-propelled load bearing cart (200) such that the load bearing cart (200) can transport a load in the intralogistics system. The guiding vehicle (100) comprising a mechanical connector (170) for mechanically connecting the guiding vehicle (100) to the load bearing cart (200) and a connector for transferring data. The guiding vehicle (100) is configured to receive navigation data from the self-propelled load bearing cart (200), using the connector for transferring data, in the form of information concerning the movement of a drive wheel of the load bearing cart (200) obtained from at least one motor of the load bearing cart (200) or from at least one encoder connected to the drive wheel.

Abstract: A method for controlling the motion of a mobile warning triangle for suitable placement on a roadway acquires information as to color of the lane markings detected by a sensor. When the mobile warning triangle is first placed on the roadway, the sensor is preset in position to detect the lane marking. White or yellow color information of the lane marking or of the black-colored roadway are detected or are not detected by the sensor, and deviations from a required path are recognized when different colors are received in certain combinations by the sensor. If no deviation is recognized in the colors, the mobile warning triangle continues moving forward. If a deviation in colors is recognized, the mobile warning triangle is controlled to hunt to the left and right through one or more predetermined angles to try to detect or redetect the lane marking.

Abstract: A vehicle comprises an autonomous driving system and a vehicle platform that controls the vehicle in response to a command received from the autonomous driving system. In the present vehicle, when the autonomous driving system issues a first command to request the vehicle platform to provide deceleration to stop the vehicle and a first signal indicates 0 km/h or a prescribed velocity or less, the autonomous driving system issues a second command to request the vehicle platform to maintain stationary. And after brake hold control is finished, a second signal indicates standstill. Until the second signal indicates standstill, the first command continues to request the vehicle platform to provide deceleration.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a signature verification apparatus including a first verification circuitry verifying a user's signature by comparing dynamic signature data indicating a change of a user's writing state over time during signing of his or her name by the user and reference data for dynamic signature, a second verification circuitry verifying the user's signature by comparing static signature data indicating a writing path during signing of his or her name by the user and reference data for static signature, and a data registration circuitry registering the reference data for dynamic signature and register the reference data for static signature. In a case where the reference data for static signature has yet to be registered by the data registration circuitry, the second verification circuitry verifies the user's signature by regarding static signature data generated from the reference data for dynamic signature already registered as the reference data for static signature.

Abstract: An operation management device includes a plan generating section for generating a travel plan, for each of a plurality of vehicles traveling autonomously along a prescribed travel route on which are provided a plurality of stations, including at least departure timing at the stations, a communication device for transmitting to corresponding vehicles the travel plan generated by the plan generating section, and an operation monitoring section for obtaining a delay amount of the vehicles relative to the travel plan, wherein the plan generating section judges whether or not revision of the travel plan is necessary based on the delay amount obtained by the operation monitoring section, and revises and regenerates the travel plan if the revision is necessary.

Abstract: An inductive position sensor may be configured to detect relative position between a first member and a second member. The inductive position sensor may include an inductive sensor element configured to be coupled to the first member and a screening layer formed over a screened portion of a member surface of the second member such that an exposed portion of the member surface is free of the screening layer. The screening layer may be configured to reduce an effect on induced signals in the inductive sensor element caused by the screened portion of the second member.

Abstract: An accommodation area management device which manages an accommodation area for accommodating a moving body and stops the moving body at a predetermined accommodation position in the accommodation area includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire autonomous movement level information related to autonomous movement that the moving body can perform and a processing unit configured to determine an accommodation position for stopping the moving body based on the autonomous movement level information when the moving body enters the accommodation area.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for providing geolocation services in a mobile-based crowdsourcing platform. More specifically, the system of the present invention includes a plurality of remote mobile devices and a visible light communication (VLC) enabled lighting system configured to communicate and exchange data with a cloud-based service, such as a crowdsourcing platform. The crowdsourcing platform generally provides a geolocation service based on the crowdsourcing, or polling, of users of the mobile devices, in addition to VLC data captured by the VLC-enabled lighting system, so as to determine location and movement of the users within a specific environment. The system is further configured to automatically render a floor plan or layout of a location based on the user data and VLC data.