Abstract: There is provided a system for pre-charging a capacitor by means of a battery, including a switch and an element for limiting charging current of the capacitor, said switch and said limiting element being connected whereby a charging current from the battery to the capacitor may pass through said switch and said limiting element, which is characterized in that the limiting element for limiting the charging current of the capacitor is an energy transfer device.

Abstract: An inverter for a permanent magnet brushless dc machine, having a permanent magnet rotor and a set of stator windings, applies the full dc voltage provided to the inverter to each phase of the machine.

Abstract: A motor drive apparatus includes an AC/DC converter which converts AC power supplied from a power supply to DC power, a DC/AC converter which converts DC power to AC power and vice versa, a DC link unit which connects the DC side of the AC/DC converter to the DC side of the DC/AC converter and delivers the DC power from one to the other and vice versa, an energy storage unit which includes at least one capacitor storage unit and at least one flywheel storage unit each of which is connected to the DC link unit and stores or supplies the DC power, and an energy control unit which performs control so that the energy storage unit stores or supplies the DC power.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling an operation of a compressor are disclosed to enhance a compressor efficiency in each operation mode in operating a compressor in a power mode or power saving mode according to an external load. The apparatus for controlling an operation of a compressor, including: a controller that generates a control signal to select an operation mode of the compressor according to an operation load of the compressor; a compressor motor that includes a main coil and a sub-coil and is driven in one of a plurality of operation modes according to a control signal of the controller; and a power supply unit that applies power via capacitors each having a different capacitance to the sub-coil of the compressor motor according to a control signal of the controller.

Abstract: A method and system are disclosed for controlling electrical current through an inductive load. The electrical current is supplied by one of at least three selectable dual capacitor bank electrical circuits. The method includes storing electrical energy during a charge operating state in first and second capacitor banks of a first dual capacitor bank circuit. The stored electrical energy is then used to drive the inductive load when operating the first dual capacitor bank circuit in a drive operating state. After depleting the stored electrical energy from the first and second capacitor banks, the first dual capacitor bank transitions to a collection operating state that includes collecting electrical energy from the inductive load. A second and third dual capacitor circuits simultaneously transition among the charge operating state, the drive operating state, and the collection operating state during operation.

Abstract: A hard start capacitor replacement unit has a plurality of capacitors in a container sized to fit in existing hard start capacitor space. The capacitors are 4 metallized film capacitors wound in a single cylindrical capacitive element. The container has a common terminal and capacitors value terminals for the plurality of capacitors, which may be connected singly or in combination to provide a selected capacitance. An electronic or other relay connects the selected capacitance in parallel with a motor run capacitor. The hard start capacitor replacement unit is thereby adapted to replace a wide variety of hard start capacitors.

Abstract: A sanitary dispenser, particularly a paper or towel dispenser, contains a housing, in which a sanitary product to be dispensed and a discharge unit for the sanitary product to be dispensed can be arranged. An electric motor is provided for the discharge unit, the electric motor being activatable in a non-contact manner by a capacitive sensor from outside of the housing. The sensor capacitance of the capacitive sensor is formed by a planar electrode disposed inside the housing and by a surface of a body part and/or an object arranged outside of the housing.

Abstract: A motor start circuit for an induction motor includes a start switch device serving the purpose of interrupting the current or voltage flow through the start winding after the start of the motor. The motor includes a main winding and a start winding, which are supplied with alternating current or voltage from a mains power supply.

Abstract: A winding switching apparatus includes a winding switching device and a drive circuit. The winding switching device is configured to switch a plurality of windings of an AC motor. The drive circuit is configured to control the winding switching device. The winding switching device includes a winding switch, a diode bridge, and a capacitor. The diode bridge includes a positive-side DC output terminal, a negative-side DC output terminal, and AC input terminals. The AC input terminals corresponds to respective phases of the AC motor. The positive-side and negative-side DC output terminals are respectively connected to positive-side and negative-side DC buses provided in an inverter. The AC input terminals are respectively connected to winding-switching terminals corresponding to the respective phases of the AC motor. The AC input terminals are respectively connected to phase terminals provided in the winding switch.

Abstract: A system and apparatus that allows the use of a 3-phase AC motor in a vehicle by associating a series capacitor with each phase winding. The capacitor can be charged through the motor winding and then switched to discharge through the winding in a resonant oscillatory mode. The capacitor values can be chosen so that the winding and capacitor in series resonates at approximately 60 Hz. Oscillations in each phase can be staggered by around 120 degrees. The charging and discharging is controlled by electronic SPDT switches that switch around 300 VAC/500 VDC at around 15 amps for each phase. With an average DC current of 20 amps from a 48 volt battery pack (four 12 volt batteries connected in series) and 75% discharge of the capacitors, the present invention can run a 7.5 HP, 3-phase, 240 VAC motor for approximately 3.5 hours or longer. A simple oscillator circuit can drive the switches at the resonant frequency.

Abstract: Provided is an air conditioning system comprised of a plurality of indoor units connected to each other in parallel, each having an expansion valve, and an outdoor unit including a plurality of compressors, in which at least one of the compressors provided to the outdoor unit is a capacity modulation compressor including an electromotive driving unit for driving a plurality of compression units capable of selectively compressing a working fluid, and the electromotive driving unit for the capacity modulation compressor has a stator with a coil wound around thereon and a rotor rotating inside the stator, the rotor being an LSPRM including a rotor core, flux barriers, permanent magnets and conductive bars.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling starting of a motor are disclosed. An exciting coil of a motor is excited by using a controller of an electronic refrigerator without having an extra excitation control circuit, to thereby simplify a component construction for controlling exciting of the motor and thus reduce complexity. The present invention includes: a main coil and an auxiliary coil (sub-coil); an exciting coil that generates an excitation current; a refrigerator control unit that outputs a control signal for controlling an application time of the excitation current when started; and a switch unit electrically connected with the exciting coil and supplying power to the exciting coil according to the control signal outputted from the refrigerator control unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of actuating a single-phase motor, a system for actuating a single-phase motor and a single-phase motor, especially applied to a system that enables one to actuate single-phase induction motors of the CSR (capacitive start and run) type, as well as single-phase induction motors of the RSIR (resistive start inductive run), RSCR (resistive start capacitive run) and CSIR (capacitive start inductive run) types.

Abstract: An air conditioner having two compressors enables, when one compressor is started, the phase advance capacitor for the other compressor to be temporarily separated and used in parallel with the phase advance capacitor for the one compressor. These compressors can have an increased starting torque without using a starting capacitor.

Abstract: A motor starting apparatus (10) includes a motor starting relay (112) to switch a motor starting capacitor (110) into a motor circuit across a run capacitor (111). The system control (116) includes an electronic voltage measurement circuit to measure a winding voltage (113, 114) of the motor winding (102, 103). The system control (116) also includes a microprocessor to run an algorithm that causes the system control to switch the starting capacitor (110) out of the motor circuit when a measured winding voltage (113, 114) exceeds a winding voltage threshold.

Abstract: Starting device for electric motors provides a circuit including: a first branch connected at one end to a common point and at the opposite end to the start winding of the motor, whereon a starting capacitor, a resistor and fixed contacts of a relay are inserted in series respectively; a second branch in parallel with the first branch, connected at one end to the common point and at the opposite end to the main or run winding of the motors whereon the coil of the relay is inserted; a third branch in parallel with the branches and, connected at one end to the common point and at the opposite end to the start winding of the motor, whereon a run capacitor is installed, this common point being connected to the common connector of the motor via the power supply line.

Abstract: Provided is a capacity modulation compressor, comprising: a shell forming a sealed interior space; a compression mechanism, which is positioned inside the shell and modulates a capacity for compressing a working fluid; and an electromotive driving unit, which is positioned inside the shell, includes a stator and a rotor, and drives the compression mechanism; and a shaft for transferring a torque of the electromotive unit to the compression mechanism, the rotor including a rotor core, conductive bars, flux barriers, and permanent magnets, starting running by an induction torque produced due to the presence of the conductive bars, and operating at a synchronous speed by a reluctance torque produced due to the presence of the flux barriers and a magnetic torque produced to the permanent magnets, and the compressing capacity for the compression mechanism to compress the working fluid being set lower than a maximum compression capacity.

Abstract: The present invention provides a motor, comprising: a stator including a coil wiring portion to which power is supplied; a rotor, which includes conductive bars, flux barriers, and permanent magnets, and rotates through an interactive electromagnetic force between the conductive bars, flux barriers, and permanent magnets and the coil wiring portion of the stator; an integrated capacitor, which is electrically connected to the coil wiring portion and includes two capacitors connected to each other in parallel, an electrical switch serially connected to one of the two capacitors, and a casing on which the two capacitors and the electrical switch are securely mounted.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling starting of a motor are disclosed. An exciting coil of a motor is excited by using a controller of an electronic refrigerator without having an extra excitation control circuit, to thereby simplify a component construction for controlling exciting of the motor and thus reduce complexity. The present invention includes: a main coil and an auxiliary coil (sub-coil); an exciting coil that generates an excitation current; a refrigerator control unit that outputs a control signal for controlling an application time of the excitation current when started; and a switch unit electrically connected with the exciting coil and supplying power to the exciting coil according to the control signal outputted from the refrigerator control unit.

Abstract: A ground detector includes a pair of lines, a first series circuit, a reference portion, a second series circuit, and a detection point. The first series circuit connects the lines to each other. The first series circuit includes first capacitors that are connected in series. The reference portion is connected to a portion of the first series circuit between two of the first capacitors for DC insulating the lines from the reference portion. The second series circuit connects the lines to each other. The second series circuit includes second capacitors that are connected in series. The detecting point is provided in the second series circuit. Each of the lines is connected to the detecting point through at least corresponding one of the second capacitors. The ground detector detects a change of impedance between the lines and the reference portion based on a change of potential of the detecting point with respect to potential of the reference portion.

Abstract: This invention relates to an alternating current electric motor, single phase or multiphase or synchronous generator, with primary windings (main windings) and de-saturation additional windings. Each additional winding is fed through one or more multiple capacitors in opposite phase angle and opposite field directions from each respective main windings. The total cross sections of the wire used on each main and additional winding are of predetermined sizes and preferably follows the approximate ratio of approximately 2/3 for the main winding and approximately 1/3 for the additional winding, and this capacitor value is of a predetermined size. The method of construction is characterized by the two windings being built at one time in a single operation as a single step.

Abstract: An improved induction motor having at least one capacitive element electrically connected in parallel with and tapped to each phase of a delta- or wye-wound stator winding such that the capacitive elements are alternately charged or discharged during operation, thereby storing energy from and releasing energy to the windings. This alternate energy storage and release assists in controlling the level of magnetic core saturation and increasing motor efficiency under all operating conditions due to reduced hysteresis and eddy current losses. Motor starting or inrush current is also substantially reduced using this arrangement. In one embodiment, variable capacitors and switch elements are used to provide the ability to dynamically “tune” the motor winding for optimal efficiency.

Abstract: Noise suppression system for a relay-switched windshield wiper, wherein reversal of current to a motor driving the wiper causes the motor to reverse. Filters contained within the motor, together with filters and shielding located external to the motor, suppress rf emissions.

Abstract: A motor-driving circuit includes an auxiliary coil which functions at the time of the start-up of the motor and a main coil for its stead state operation. A component of a start-up circuit to be incorporated in such a motor-driving circuit includes a thermistor with positive temperature characteristic and a Triac switch which are to be connected in series with the auxiliary coil, a case which contains both the thermistor and the Triac switch, and a connector member having a planar contact portion, one of its principal surfaces contacting an electrode of the thermistor and the other of the principal surfaces contacting the inner wall surface of the case. The case may further contain therein another thermistor connected to the gate of the Triac switch for controlling the Triac switch.

Abstract: Device for driving a body by means of an electric motor, comprising mechanical means for measuring the displacement of said body which are kinematically linked to the body and are equipped with switches (ID, IM) actuated by the mechanical measurement means at certain points on the trajectory of the body. The device comprises means for initializing a phase for specific powering of the motor such as power supply at reduced torque for a timed duration (TP, x, C4) or power supply at reduced voltage or cut-off of the power supply, switched in by actuation of at least one of said switches.

Abstract: A motor control system for a multi-speed electric motor electrically excited by a power source having at least two terminals. The motor controller system includes a switching device electrically connected to the terminals of the power source for alternating current flow from the power source, a first speed circuit, and a second speed circuit. The first speed circuit includes a first speed primary winding electrically connected to the switching device, a first speed secondary winding electrically connected to the first speed primary winding, a start capacitor electrically connected to the first speed secondary winding, and start relay electrically connected to the start capacitor. The second speed circuit includes a second speed primary winding which is connected to the switching device.

Abstract: A circuit for boosting the power output of a motor in which a sensor stage, preferably a voltage divider, is coupled to comparator stage, preferably a reverse biased to a diode, which in turn is coupled to a power boost stage, preferably a relay and switched capacitance associated therewith, such that upon sensing of excess loading of the motor, the capacitance is switched across the output of the motor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a circuit for controlling the load of an asynchronous motor (11), the circuit comprising two capacitors (19, 20), one of which (20) can be connected, by means of a switch (70), in parallel with the other (19). Control is provided by a current sensor (30) and a voltage sensor (40), whose signals (S.sub.1, S.sub.2) are compared by a comparator (25). Depending on the relative size of the signals (S.sub.1, S.sub.2) a switch control unit (60) with relaxation hysteresis characteristics switches the switch (70) on or off. The circuit is simple, operates independently of the mains voltage (U) being used and its switch point can be adjusted by means of the current sensor (30).

Abstract: An emergency power circuit powers an induction motor which has at least first and second windings. The motor is normally operating at a normal speed determined by connection to commercial frequency power line, but which is subject to failure. During failure the emergency power circuit is used to supply emergency power from a DC storage battery. An inverter is supplied by the battery and has an output connectable to the motor. A control circuit for the inverter establishes a first frequency to run the motor at a running speed which is considerably less than the normal speed. Single, two-phase and three-phase systems are disclosed as well as a soft start system to start the motor at about one-fourth speed and run it at one-half speed. Preferably a high frequency oscillator is used with the frequency divided dozen to operate the motor at a speed below normal 60 Hz energization speed.

Abstract: An induction motor speed control apparatus and method wherein various capacitors are switched in series with the auxiliary winding of an induction motor and, during such switching, the power source is disconnected from the main and auxiliary windings and the in-use capacitors are momentarily connected to the main winding to form a closed-loop discharge path through the main and auxiliary windings.

Abstract: An auxiliary capacitance starting device is connected by only two wires to a permanent split capacitor motor. The device includes an auxiliary start capacitor and a control relay which has a set of normally closed contacts, a coil, and a resistor. The auxiliary start capacitor and the normally closed contacts are connected in series and the coil and resistor are connected in series and in parallel with the auxiliary start capacitor and contacts. The free ends of two non-polarized wire leads are interchangeably electrically connected to the start and run windings or the run capacitor of the motor to place the circuit in parallel with the start and run windings or the run capacitor such that the relay coil means becomes energized upon detection of voltage representing full motor speed to open the contacts and break the electrical connection between the auxiliary start capacitor and the start and run windings.

Abstract: A single-phase half-pitch capacitor induction motor capable of being varied in rotational speed between a low rotational speed and high rotational speed. The motor includes a main winding connected across a single-phase electrical power source and an auxiliary winding connected in parallel with the main winding. A first phase shifting capacitor is connected in series with the auxiliary winding. A second capacitor is connected in parallel with the first capacitor and a variable resistor is connected in series with the second capacitor. By increasing and decreasing the resistance, overall capacitance in series with the auxiliary winding is increased and decreased and the rotational speed is, thus, also varied. A single pole, single throw switch or a thermistor can be used instead of a variable resistor for different applications.

Abstract: A device having inductance coils which are each allocated to one phase and which are wound around a common magnetic core in the same direction and with the same number of windings. One of each of the inductance coils is connected to one of each of the phase leads for supplying the multi-phase load, the connection being made in series between the converter and the load. The load can particularly be a multi-phase asynchronous or synchronous motor.

Abstract: An auxiliary capacitance starting device is connected by only two wires to a permanent split capacitor motor. The device includes an auxiliary capacitor and a potential relay which has a set of normally closed contacts and a relay coil. The auxiliary capacitor and the normally closed contacts are connected in series and the relay coil is connected in parallel therewith. The free ends of the two non-polarized wire leads are interchangeably electrically connected to the start and run windings or the run capacitor of the motor to place the circuit in parallel with the start and run windings or the run capacitor such that the relay coil means becomes energized upon detection of voltage representing full motor speed to open the contacts and break the electrical connection between the auxiliary capacitor and the start and run windings.

Abstract: A noise suppression circuit is provided for capacitor-start and capacitor-run alternating current motors. To prevent rotor chattering and noise from occurring upon disconnection of power from the motor, separate switches are used to connect alternating current power to the windings and to the capacitor; so that when power is disconnected, the capacitor is prevented from discharging into the motor windings. A power dissipation resistor is connected in parallel with the capacitor to permit the capacitor to discharge.

Abstract: An induction motor includes a stator having at least one pair of stator windings and a rotor with rotor windings which are magnetically coupled to the stator windings via a circumferential air gap. The rotor windings are connected together in a squirrel cage or a wound rotor configuration. The stator windings are connected in series across the source. A capacitor is connected in parallel with one of the stator windings and this combination is connected in series with the other stator winding and is sized to form a quasi-double-resonant circuit, i.e., a quasi-parallel resonant circuit with the one winding and a quasi-series resonant circuit with the other winding. The stator windings are then grouped to form definite polar areas in the stator and a balanced rotating magnetic field is produced by all the windings throughout the entire load range when the motor is connected to a power source.

Abstract: A series resonant capacitor motor is operated from a source of single phase alternating current power, and the start and run windings are wound on the stator electrically angularly displaced from one another by 90.degree.. The run winding is of heavy wire, and it is connected in series with a capacitor having a high capacitance to the source of alternating current power. The start winding is connected in parallel with the series connected run winding and capacitor. During the full load and no load running conditions of operation of the motor, substantially all of the current passes through the run winding and capacitor with little or no current flowing through the start winding. The motor exhibits improved starting torque, and an additional switched starting capacitor can be connected in parallel with the series resonant capacitor to produce high starting torque.

Abstract: A noise suppression circuit is provided for an alternating current motor which has a capacitor connected in parallel with one of the windings to form an LC resonant circuit at the operating frequency of the motor. The motor includes first and second windings of substantially the same wire size connected in series on the stator core. The LC resonant circuit formed by the capacitor and the winding across which it is connected improves the efficiency of operation of the motor. To prevent chattering and noise from occuring upon disconnection of power from the windings, separate switches are used for applying alternating current power to the windings and to the capacitor; so that when power is disconnected, the capacitor is isolated from the winding across which it is connected. At the same time, a power dissipation resistor connected in parallel with the capacitor permits it to discharge.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for reducing the voltage drop in an electrical power distribution system during the starting of a multi-phase induction motor having stator windings supplied therefrom and for decreasing the loss in starting torque of the motor. A capacitor is provided for direct connection across each stator phase winding of the motor. These are electrically connected to the stator windings substantially simultaneously with the motor being supplied with power from the distribution system. These capacitors have a capacitance which exceeds that required to raise the no-load power factor of the motor to unity at running speed but is less than that which will correct the power factor of the motor to unity under locked rotor conditions. Preferably these capacitors are electrolytic-type capacitors and have a capacitance which will reduce the motor starting current by at least approximately 30%.

Abstract: A three-phase A.C. motor having three stator windings with stator winding power input terminals T1, T2 and T3, is energized from a single-phase A.C. line through a static phase conversion circuit that connects terminals T1 and T2 directly to the single phase line and that includes a main dephasing capacitor connected between terminals T1 and T2; a phase correction capacitor is connected in parallel with a stator winding that is not connected to terminal T3 for materially improved full load performance.

Abstract: A single phase induction motor of the capacitor start, capacitor run type, has a rotor and stator of conventional polyphase design and a two phase stator winding comprising a main winding with approximately 70% as many turns as a comparable conventional single phase induction motor and an auxiliary winding in series with the main winding, the auxiliary winding having two branches wound in opposite directions, each branch having substantially the same number of turns as the main winding. One branch of the auxiliary winding is connected in series with a running capacitor and this combination is in turn connected in parallel with the other branch. The series arrangement of the main and auxiliary winding is connected to the supply line and a starting capacitor may be paralleled with the running capacitor during starting for improved starting torque in the conventional capacitor start manner.

Abstract: A circuit for use with an induction generator. The circuit is arranged to initiate operation of the induction generator as a motor to bring the system up to operating speed and subsequently to rearrange the system automatically to cause the induction generator to operate in a generating mode. The automatic reconnection is effected as an incident of the motor reaching a preselected speed. Determination of the preselected speed may be effected by voltage responsive means in one form of the invention, and by centrifugal switch in another form of the invention. The control is effected by suitably selectively connecting the phase winding of the generator. In the illustrated embodiment, a starting capacitor and a power factor correction capacitor are automatically connected at proper times in the operation.

Abstract: The control relay of a phase converter for converting a three phase motor to one phase operation is operated by D-C power in order to prevent voltage fluctuations on single phase power lines from causing the starting capacitors or the motor from being destroyed. The D-C power is obtained from a rectifier having its input coupled to the secondary of a transformer. The primary of the transformer is adapted to be coupled to the windings of the motor.The phase converter is adapted to be used with a 230 volt or 460 volt motor.

Abstract: A two-speed single phase motor of the capacitor-start type is disclosed wherein the motor is switched from the start condition to the run condition by means of a single contact centrifugally actuated switch. The motor comprises high speed and low speed main windings and high speed and low speed start windings wound on the stator core and a double throw selector switch for connecting the high speed main and start windings to the terminal or the low speed main and start windings to the terminals when the motor is operated in the high speed and low speed configurations, respectively. A single pole single throw centrifugally actuated switch connected to the rotor has a single contact pair connected in series with the start capacitor and one of the terminals, and the switch contacts open when the rotor exceeds a predetermined rotational speed to disconnect the start capacitor from the circuit. The same centrifugal switch contact pair is used in both the high speed and low speed configurations.

Abstract: A motor is disclosed in which the main stator winding of, for example, a squirrel case inducting motor, is connected in series with a capacitor so that the capacitor, together with the input voltage, causes the stator core to periodically switch from a nonsaturated to a saturated condition and vice-versa so that the flux density is maintained at a uniform high level. A second stator winding is provided in parallel with the first stator winding and capacitor which second winding serves as the phase winding and causes the motor to operate as a balanced split phase motor having a high efficiency over a broad range of operating points.