Abstract: A coil module includes a first planar coil winding that includes a plurality of turns of coils, at least one turn of first coil in the plurality of turns of coils includes at least one first cutting opening, and the first cutting opening divides the first coil into a first outer side part and a first inner side part along an extension direction of the coil, and a first target side part includes a first cutting groove, the first target side part is at least one of the first outer side part and the first inner side part, an extension direction of the first cutting groove is the same as an extension direction of the first target side part, and a width of a single first cutting groove is less than or equal to a width of a single first cutting opening.

Abstract: A transmitter device is configured to transfer energy to multiple receiver devices. The transmitter device includes multiple transmitter coils, and a shared power converter is coupled to each transmitter coil. The shared power converter includes a leading half bridge and multiple trailing half bridges. Each transmitter coil is coupled between the leading half bridge and a respective one of the trailing half bridges. The shared power converter is dynamically configurable in that the leading half bridge may be coupled to multiple trailing half bridges when energy is to be transferred wirelessly to two or more receiver devices. The leading half bridge simultaneously operates with each trailing half bridge as an independent full-bridge phase shift inverter. A signal supplied to each transmitter coil is independently regulated by controlling a phase shift of a respective trailing half bridge with respect to the leading half bridge.

Abstract: A power storage system with excellent characteristics is provided. A power storage system with a high degree of safety is provided. A power storage system with less deterioration is provided. A storage battery with excellent characteristics is provided. The power storage system includes a neural network and a storage battery. The neural network includes an input layer, an output layer, and one or more hidden layers between the input layer and the output layer. The predetermined hidden layer is connected to the previous hidden layer or the previous input layer by a predetermined weight coefficient, and connected to the next hidden layer or the next output layer by a predetermined weight coefficient. In the storage battery, voltage and time at which the voltage is obtained are measured as one of sets of data. The sets of data measured at different times are input to the input layer and the operational condition of the storage battery is changed in accordance with a signal output from the output layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a bidirectional power converter capable of receiving and delivering AC and DC power from and to multiple ports in accordance to its different embodiments. The AC or DC input receives power and at least two power conversion circuits work with a plurality of switches for connecting provides DC or AC current at multiple ports. The power conversion circuits may be rectifier inverters and have module form that connect to the AC and DC ports via a backplane having multiple connectors. The apparatus may also provide DC to DC conversion using a buck/boost circuit.

Abstract: A system for wirelessly transmitting power between a mobile device and a locking device is provided. In one embodiment power is wirelessly transmitted from the locking device to the mobile device. In another embodiment power is wirelessly transmitted from the mobile device to the locking device. In both embodiments power is transmitted wirelessly when the storage of power is below a critical level in one of the devices (e.g., the mobile device or the locking device). When the power is at a critical level the device (e.g., mobile device or locking device) may not be able to complete a function (e.g., transmit an access credential or actuate a mechanical or electronic lock). As such, wirelessly transmitting power between the mobile device and the locking device may enable the function to be completed.

Abstract: An electrically powered work vehicle includes a work vehicle frame and a plurality of ground engaging units for supporting the work vehicle frame from a ground surface, at least one of the ground engaging units being powered by an electric drive motor to drive the vehicle. An electrical power storage system is carried by the work vehicle frame and connected to the electric drive motor to provide electrical power to the electric drive motor. A work tool coupler is carried by the work vehicle and configured to selectively interconnect the work vehicle with a coupler receiver of a selected one of a plurality of different work tools. A vehicle side electrical connector is carried by the work tool coupler and configured to transfer electrical power to the electrical power storage system to charge the electrical power storage system. Such a work vehicle may be used in combination with an external charging station.

Abstract: A coil winding includes a first part of coils and a second part of coils located on opposite sides of an insulation layer, where the first part of coils comprises a first segment of conducting wire, and the second part of coils comprises a second segment of conducting wire. The first segment of conducting wire and the second segment of conducting wire each includes N cutting openings. Both the first segment of conducting wire and the second segment of conducting wire are divided into N+1 sub conducting wires by the N cutting openings. The N+1 sub conducting wires in the first segment of conducting wire and the N+1 sub conducting wires in the second segment of conducting wire are electrically coupled in a one-to-one manner to form N+1 pairs of sub conducting wires including a crossover structure.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a program for controlling power receiving operation. The apparatus includes a controller configured to compare a frequency of an electric current generated by a voltage induced in a power receiving circuit by a magnetic field generated by a power transmitting apparatus, against a frequency threshold to determine whether the frequency is equal to or below the frequency threshold, and in response to determining that the frequency is equal to or below the frequency threshold, control a communications circuit to communicate a control command message instructing the power transmitting apparatus to modify a power charge signal used to provide the magnetic field in a manner for protecting the apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for establishing an active distribution network planning model considering location and capacity determination of an electric vehicle charging station. In terms of location and capacity determination of electric vehicle charging stations, a traffic flow of electric vehicles is converted into a charging demand flowing in a traffic network, and an electric vehicle traffic network model is established based on an M/M/s queuing model and a flow capturing location model in the traffic field. A distributed generation (including wind power and photovoltaic) and load model is established, based on a time series method. An energy storage element model in a power distribution network is established based on an idea of equivalent load. A nested planning model is established by taking economy and reliability of a power distribution network and a maximum traffic flow intercepted by the electric vehicle charging stations as objectives.

Abstract: Provided are a wireless charging device and method. The wireless charging device may include: a first group of coils; a second group of coils; and a processor. The processor may be configured to: transmit a first ping signal through the first group of coils and the second group of coils; sense a change in current, voltage, and/or frequency occurring in the first group of coils and the second group of coils in response to the first ping signal to detect that an electronic device is placed on the wireless charging device; select at least one coil from the first group of coils and at least one coil from the second group of coils at which the change is sensed; transmit a second ping signal through the selected coils; and wirelessly transmit power to the electronic device by using the selected coils. Various other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: A battery-based portable power supply includes a battery pack that is configured to protect the batteries and components therewithin. An outer tube protects inner components from impacts that can be expected in transport and usage. A suspension system within a battery pack of the power supply protects the batteries from jolts and bumps. The batteries can be removed and replaced. A switch structure for actuating the electrical outlet is disposed within the battery pack. The switch structure is actuated by compressing the battery pack from outside.

Abstract: A wireless power transmission system includes a wireless power transmitter, a wireless power transfer circuit electrically connectable to the at least one wireless power transmitter, and a transmitter controller. The transmitter controller is configured to perform an initial foreign object detection prior to any transmission of wireless power, the initial foreign object detection for detecting presence of a foreign object within a charge volume, the initial foreign object detection determining an initial quality factor (Q). The controller is further configured to begin wireless power transfer negotiations with one of the one or more wireless power receivers, if the initial Q has a value in a range indicating that an object in the charge volume is a wireless power receiver, and perform continuous foreign object detection, if the initial Q has the value in the range indicating that an object in the charge volume is a wireless power receiver.

Abstract: A device or an accessory may include a near-field communications antenna and a soft magnetic ring concentric with the near-field communications antenna. The device or accessory may further include at least one wireless charging coil concentric with the near-field communications antenna, a rectifier coupled to the at least one wireless charging coil, and a battery configured to receive a rectified voltage from the rectifier. The soft magnetic ring may be used to shunt magnetic flux from one or more nearby magnets in external electronic devices to prevent the magnets from repelling each other. The soft magnetic ring may be attracted to a magnet in an external device to help align wireless charging coils in the two mated devices.

Abstract: A wireless charging device is provided and includes a first inverter, a first switch electrically connected to the first inverter, a second inverter, a second switch electrically connected to the second inverter, a first coil group connected to the first inverter through the first switch, a second coil group connected to the second inverter through the second switch, and a processor operatively connected to the first inverter, the first switch, the second inverter, the second switch, the first coil group, and the second coil group. The processor detects an electronic device disposed above the wireless charging device through at least one coil in the first coil group or the second coil group, and to wirelessly transmit power to the electronic device by using one coil in the first coil group and one coil in the second coil group.

Abstract: A power management system for use in a device comprising a battery and one or more components configured to draw electrical energy from the battery may include a first power converter configured to electrically couple between charging circuity configured to provide electrical energy for charging the battery and the one or more downstream components and a bidirectional power converter configured to electrically couple between the charging circuitry and the battery, wherein the bidirectional power converter is configured to transfer charge from the battery or transfer charge from the battery based on a power requirement of the one or more components and a power available from the first power converter.

Abstract: A method of operating a medical device comprises electrically connecting a power device to the medical device. The method further comprises sensing at least one characteristic of one of the medical device with the power device. The method further comprises adjusting or maintaining one or more characteristics of an electrical connection feature the power device according to the at least one observed characteristic such that the electrical connection features of the power device and medical device are operationally compatible, and operating the power device according to an operational profile associated with the medical device.

Abstract: Systems, methods and apparatus for wireless charging are disclosed. One method includes providing a first charging current to a first transmitting coil in a wireless charging device, where the first transmitting coil is coupled to a receiving coil in a first power receiving device, providing a second charging current to a second transmitting coil in the wireless charging device, where the second transmitting coil is coupled to a receiving coil in a second power receiving device, the first charging current and the second charging current being provided at different frequencies from one another, receiving a first modulated signal from the first power receiving device, where the first modulated signal includes a carrier signal provided at a frequency corresponding to the frequency of the first charging current, and filtering the first modulated signal using a band-pass filter configured to block a second modulated signal transmitted by the second power receiving device.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method of preventing automatic leveling during battery replacement, and a computer-program thereof. The method of preventing automatic leveling during battery replacement, according to invention, operates for an electric vehicle equipped with a first electronic control unit (100) in charge with battery replacement and a second electronic control unit (200) of suspension system, the respective ECUs (100, 200) communicating by means of an internal bus system.

Abstract: An apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a primary power supply (PPS) configured to supply primary power, a PPS sensor configured to measure the power supplied by the PPS and provide a PPS measurement signal indicating an amount of the power supplied by the PPS, a backup power supply (BPS) configured to be provided in an emergency data system and further configured to supply backup power to a modem, and an integrated circuit configured to maintain a clock using the power supplied by the PPS. The integrated circuit is configured to receive the PPS measurement signal from the PPS sensor, determine whether the PPS measurement signal falls below a threshold, and maintain the clock using the power supplied by the BPS in response to a determination that the PPS measurement signal has fallen below the threshold.

Abstract: A power supply device, in particular a charging apparatus, includes at least one housing unit and at least one interface unit, which is arranged at the housing unit, and has the purpose of coupling electrically to at least one electrical unit, in particular to a rechargeable battery pack. The power supply device further includes at least one real-time operating system-capable, in particular multitasking-capable, open-loop or closed-loop control unit which is configured to automatically perform actions, in particular to provide at least one set of data to the electrical unit, in accordance with an evaluation of, in particular, item information of the electrical unit not related to charging.

Abstract: A mouse pad suitable for operating with a wireless mouse is provided. The mouse pad includes a first charging circuit, a second charging circuit, a control circuit, a power supply module, a conversion circuit and a main body. The first charging circuit, the second charging circuit and the conversion circuit are each electrically connected to the control circuit, and the power supply module is electrically connected to the conversion circuit. The first charging circuit and the second charging circuit each outputs an electromagnetic energy to the wireless mouse. When the control circuit receives a load current flowing through the first charging circuit and the load current flowing through the second charging circuit, through the control circuit, a power supply current of the power supply module to the first charging circuit and to the second charging circuit are dynamically adjusted.

Abstract: The technology provides for a wireless charger. The wireless charger may have a transmitter antenna array, one or more detectors, one or more sensors, and one or more processors. For instance, the processors may determine, based on signals from the detectors, that one or more receiver antennas are located within a near-field range of the transmitter antenna array. The processors may then control the transmitter antenna array to focus electromagnetic waves on a first receiver antenna of the one or more receiver antennas, and control the transmitter antenna array to transmit power to the first receiver antenna. In some instances, the processors may further determine, based on signals from the sensors, that a person is located within the near-field range of the transmitter antenna array. Based on this determination, the processors may control the transmitter antenna array to stop transmitting power to the first receiver antenna.

Abstract: A method of allocating power across a microgrid having a plurality of energy storage systems with different power and/or energy capacities, and different states of charge. The method includes allocating a total charge request and/or a total discharge request across the energy storage systems as a function of a usable energy capacity of each energy storage system.

Abstract: A battery device includes a battery unit, a temperature port, a temperature sensitive component, a switch component and a battery management unit. The temperature sensitive component senses a temperature of the battery unit, and provides a temperature indication signal at the temperature port. The switch component is electrically connected to the temperature sensitive component. When the battery device operates abnormally, the battery management unit controls the switch component to make the switch component stop provision of the temperature indication signal at the temperature port.

Abstract: In some examples, a control unit is configured to adjust charge termination voltage of a rechargeable energy storage device. The control unit is adapted to charge the rechargeable energy storage device to a charge termination voltage where the rechargeable energy storage device has capacity to support peak load but comes close to a system shutdown voltage after supporting peak load. The control unit is also adapted to increase the charge termination voltage if a voltage of the rechargeable energy storage device is near a system shutdown voltage after supporting peak load.

Abstract: A wireless power system may include wireless power transmitting devices, wireless power receiving devices, and wireless power transmitting and receiving devices. The devices in the wireless power system may exchange packets in order to transfer various types of data. The data may be transmitted using in-band communication (e.g., amplitude-shift keying modulation or frequency-shift keying modulation). The devices may use locally assigned addresses to communicate with any other device in the wireless power system. Even if a first device is not inductively coupled to a second device, the locally assigned addresses may identify an inductive coupling path from the first device to the second device that includes at least one intervening device. The first device may therefore communicate with the second device using in-band communication packets that are relayed by at least one intervening device.

Abstract: A network of collection, charging and/or distribution machines collect, charge and/or distribute portable electrical energy storage devices (e.g., batteries, supercapacitors or ultracapacitors). In some embodiments, if the user selects to change their current portable electrical power storage device exchange plan to a two-portable electrical power storage device exchange plan while exchanging their current portable electrical power storage device, the user will return their current portable electrical power storage device and will receive two portable electrical power storage devices in exchange at the collection, charging and distribution machine. The user may also be required to pay additional fees and/or commit to additional obligations while at the collection, charging and distribution machine in order to change to the different portable electrical power storage device exchange plan.

Abstract: A battery charger and method is disclosed for detecting when a battery has a low state of health while simultaneously charging or maintaining the battery. A battery charger includes a processor; a non-transitory memory device; a power management device to receive an input power and to output a charging current; a pair of electrical conductors to electrically couple with a battery, and a display electrically coupled to the processor. The display being configured to indicate a bad battery indicator when the battery has a low state of health and whether the battery is good to start.

Abstract: Described herein are methods and systems for updating SOC estimates of individual cells in battery packs. Specifically, SOC estimates are updated in-situ, e.g., while the battery packs remain operational. For example, a cell is charged or discharged, independently from other cells, until the cell OCV is at a set value, corresponding to one of target zones. The target zones have more prominent correlations between the OCV and SOC than other parts of the OCV profile. A new SOC value, corresponding to the cell OCV, is used to update the SOC estimate. In some examples, a set of voltages is obtained while the cell is charged or discharged at a constant current/power, e.g., outside of the target zones. One or more differential capacities are determined from this voltage set, and a new SOC value is obtained based on these differential capacities.

Abstract: A method may comprise storing a first service provider record associated with a first project located at a first geographic location, receiving a request for project identifiers located within a section of a geographic area, providing a subset of the first set of the one or more project identifiers to be displayed on a second map the first user device, receiving a selected project of the project identifiers, providing a project page indicating categorical identifiers associated with the first project indicating at least some work performed, a link to at least one service professional's profile page, an opinion review and an insight review, receiving a selection of the link to the at least one service professional's profile page, and providing, a profile page of the at least one service professional, the profile page including contact information of the at least one service professional.

Abstract: An approach to control or monitoring of battery operation makes use of an artificial neural network (ANN), which receives one or more battery attributes for a Lithium ion (Li-ion) battery, and determines, based on the received one or more battery attributes, a state-of-charge (SOC) and/or a state-of-health (SOH) estimate for the Li-ion battery. The ANN includes at least one of a recurrent neural network (RNN) and a convolutional neural network (CNN), and the series of values of the battery attributes includes at one of battery voltage values, battery current values, and battery temperature values.

Abstract: An electronic device for supporting power sharing and data communication with an external electronic device, and a method therefor are provided. The electronic device includes a power management circuit, an antenna including a first coil and a second coil, a transceiver circuit configured to transmit a power signal received from the power management circuit to the antenna and to transmit a power signal received from the antenna to the power management circuit, the transceiver circuit including a first transceiver terminal and a second transceiver terminal, a first switch, and a control circuit electrically connected to the first switch and the transceiver circuit. A first end of the second coil may be connected to the first transceiver terminal. A second end of the second coil may be connected to the second transceiver terminal. A first end of the first coil may be connected to the first transceiver terminal through the first switch.

Abstract: A refuse vehicle including a chassis, a body assembly coupled to the chassis, the body assembly defining a refuse compartment, an electric energy system configured to store power and supply power to the refuse vehicle, and a power control system configured to measure one or more electrical attributes of the refuse vehicle and determine a power profile for the refuse vehicle, the power profile describing a length of time the refuse vehicle can continue to operate based on a remaining power of the electrical energy system, and wherein the power control system controls operation of a lift assembly of the refuse vehicle based on the power profile.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and associated systems for operating a battery exchange station. The present method includes (1) receiving a ratio associated with a plurality of vehicles served by the battery exchange station; and (2) based on the ratio, storing different sets of information in memories associated with the batteries respectively, in accordance with received ratio.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for managing charging and discharging of battery packs. In one or more aspects, a system and method are provided to minimize overcharging of battery cells of specific battery chemistries while still enabling fast charging cycles. In other aspects, a buck converter may be used to reduce a voltage of power used to charge the cells. In further aspects, a fast overcurrent protection circuit is described to address situations involving internal short circuits of a battery cell or battery pack. In yet further aspects, a bypass circuit is provided in series-connected battery packs to improve the charging of undercharged battery packs while also increasing the efficiency of the overall charging process. In other aspects, a circuit is provided that permits a controller to determine a configuration of battery packs.

Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying thermal run-away events in a battery pack can include using sensing circuits made up of series- or parallel-linked thermistors to measure subsets of the individual battery cells in a battery pack. Using multiple sensing circuits, a monitoring system can positively identify when a threshold temperature of any single battery cell has been reached even though individual temperatures are not monitored, and can generate a signal indicative of a thermal run-away event based on the detected temperature.

Abstract: A system is provided with a set of removable battery packs and a set of power tools each including a motor, a controller, and a battery receiving portion. For each power tool, the controller is configured to identify a type of battery pack coupled to the battery receiving portion and limit a maximum amount of electric current drawn from the battery pack by the motor based on the identified type of the battery pack. The greater a ratio of an impedance of the motor to an impedance of the battery pack, the less the controller limits the maximum amount of electric current drawn from the battery pack such that for a given battery pack of the set of removable battery packs, the lower the impedance of the motor, the more current the motor draws from the given battery pack.

Abstract: A power receiving apparatus includes a power receiving unit and a control unit. The power receiving unit receives a first power from a power supply apparatus via a connection unit. The control unit determines whether or not authentication information including identification information of the power supply apparatus is authentic, and determines whether or not the power supply apparatus has passed a compliance test based on the identification information. The power receiving unit is allowed to receive a second power greater than the first power, in a case where the authentication information is authentic and the power supply apparatus has passed the compliance test.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a secondary battery and an apparatus and method for measuring a dimension of the secondary battery. The secondary battery according to the present invention comprises: an electrode assembly in which an electrode and a separator are alternately laminated to be combined with each other; a pouch accommodating the electrode assembly therein; and a fluorescent reference marker applied to a portion of an outer surface of the pouch and comprising a fluorescent material, wherein the fluorescent reference marker emits fluorescence when an electromagnetic wave is irradiated so that the fluorescent reference marker serves as a reference point for measuring a dimension of the secondary battery.

Abstract: An adapter may be configured to connect a battery and an electrical device to each other. The adapter may include a control board; a battery-side terminal mounted on a first surface of the control board and configured to be electrically connectable to the battery; and a device-side terminal mounted on a second surface of the control board and configured to be electrically connectable to the electrical device, the second surface being opposite from the first surface.

Abstract: A power supply system may include a target device and an adapter. The target device may include an adapter connection switch that receives adapter recognition information to form a connection with the adapter, a voltage detection unit that receives an output voltage from an adapter, and a voltage-change-requesting unit that outputs a voltage to request a voltage change based on information on the output voltage from the adapter. The adapter may include a device information recognition unit that receives the voltage to request a voltage change, and an output-voltage-changing unit that changes the output voltage based on the voltage to request a voltage change.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a wireless charging module and an electronic device thereof. The wireless charging module includes a base, at least one magnetic shielding sheet, and a coil. The base includes at least two metal melting regions. Each metal melting region includes an opening, and a blocking region disposed at the opening. The magnetic shielding sheet is disposed on the base. The magnetic shielding sheet partially exposes the two metal melting regions and the openings. The coil is disposed on the magnetic shielding sheet. The coil includes two leads. The two leads are respectively disposed on the two metal melting regions. The two leads are disposed in the blocking regions and the openings. The electronic device includes the wireless charging module and a power supply. The wireless charging module is electrically connected to the power supply.

Abstract: A verification device is configured to supply operation power to a verification target device in order to communicate with the verification target device, and perform verification of the verification target device. The verification device includes: a detection unit configured to detect a value of a current that flows in the verification device due to the operation power being supplied to the verification target device; a determination unit configured to determine whether or not the value of the current is greater than a threshold value; and a verification unit configured to verify authenticity of the verification target device according to whether or not the value of the current is greater than the threshold value.

Abstract: Cordless indicia readers may use a rechargeable energy storage unit (RESU) for power. The RESU may include either at least one lithium-ion battery or at least one super capacitor. Problems may arise when an RESU containing a lithium-ion battery is charged using a super-capacitor charging-scheme. The present invention embraces a system and method for charging a barcode scanner that includes determining the RESU type and then charging the RESU with a charging process that is appropriate for the RESU type.

Abstract: For each cell in a plurality of cells from a same manufacturing run, a first and a second cell characteristic are received in order to obtain a plurality of cell characteristics. For each cell, a batch compatibility number that is associated with a number of compatible cells that that cell is compatible with is determined based at least in part on the plurality of cell characteristics. The plurality of cells is sorted according to the batch compatibility numbers to obtain a sorted list of cells. A plurality of compatible cells to include in a battery is selected from the plurality of cells, including by evaluating the plurality of cells according to the order of the sorted list of cells and beginning with the lowest batch compatibility number.

Abstract: Provided is a rechargeable battery jump starting device with a discharged battery pre-conditioning system to facilitate boosting or charging a depleted or discharged battery, for example, to jump start a vehicle or equipment engine. The pre-conditioning increases the operating voltage to the depleted or discharged battery during the pre-conditioning phase.

Abstract: A charger may be used as a social recharge hub that charges aerosol-generating devices and facilitate social connections. The charger may be able to charge a plurality of batteries concurrently or simultaneously. The charger may capable of associating a battery identifier of one or more batteries to a user. The user may also be associated with an aerosol-generating device and to a mobile user device. The charger may establish a connection with the mobile user device and communicate to the mobile user device using a communication interface. User data, such as preferences, interests, and even music, may be communicated from the mobile user device to the charger and may be used to facilitate social opportunities for the user, particularly in a public or social space with other users, or to make the space around the user more comfortable.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a node in a wireless multi-hop network may identify a power supply category of the node based at least in part on a manner in which the node is supplied with power, wherein the power supply category indicates whether the node is supplied with power from an alternating current power supply or a battery power supply. The node may transmit a power status report to another node in the wireless multi-hop network, wherein the power status report indicates the power supply category of the node. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a supply battery for supplying energy to the sensor device, a sensor unit for detecting an operating-state data of the supply battery, and a communication unit for transmitting the operating-state data can be transmitted to an evaluation system. The operating-state data of the supply battery can be detected by the sensor unit at different measurement times and are transmitted to the evaluation system which determines the energy demand of the sensor device. An action recommendation for the optimized operation of the sensor device is generated on the basis of the operating-state data and the energy demand.

Abstract: A battery charger adapted to charge a battery and output battery statue and/or battery information to a mobile computing device and/or a remote server via a wired and/or wireless connection. The battery charger including a rectifier, a controller/processor, a battery connection, an optocoupler, a signal conditioner, and a communication module.