Abstract: A battery system for power equipment includes a battery configured to removably connect to a receptacle, and a processing circuit of the battery configured to communicably interface with a processing circuit of the receptacle, wherein the battery and the receptacle are configured to electrically connect and transfer power from the battery through the receptacle to the power equipment, wherein the processing circuits of the battery and the receptacle are configured to transfer information between the battery and the receptacle, and wherein the processing circuits of the battery and the receptacle are configured to allow the transfer of power from the battery through the receptacle to the power equipment based on the information transferred between the battery and the receptacle.

Abstract: Method for controlling and regulating a rechargeable battery having energy storage cells, control electronics, a voltage measurement device and a sensor device, wherein the sensor device and the energy storage cells are respectively connected to one another via at least one controllable switching element so that electrical energy can be conducted from the energy storage cells to the sensor device. The method includes: capturing a first voltage value of the first and second energy storage cells of the voltage measurement device, and adjusting the at least one switching element from a deactivation mode to an activation mode if the difference between the voltage value of the first energy storage cell and the voltage value of the second energy storage cell reaches a predetermined threshold value, in order to conduct electrical voltage from the energy storage cell with the higher voltage value to the sensor device.

Abstract: A master electronic control unit controls a plurality of batteries, and is communicatively connected to each one of the battery control units. The master electronic control unit provides a predefined electric interference to the traction voltage bus after a signal to open the at least one contactor of each battery has been provided. Each battery control unit detects the predefined electric interference, and when the predefined electric interference is detected, the at least one battery control unit issues a signal that the predefined electric interference was detected.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device is constituted by connecting together a plurality of battery cells. Each of the battery cells includes a transformer forming unit constituted by a first inductor, a second inductor, a first core member, and a second core member, and which is capable of forming a transformer between itself and an adjacent battery cell, and a potential detection unit that detects the potential of the battery cell. A control unit compares the potentials of the adjacent battery cells based on measurement results of a potential detection unit. Furthermore, the control unit performs an equalization control to equalize the potentials of the plurality of battery cells, by supplying electrical charge from the battery cell having a higher potential to the battery cell having a lower potential.

Abstract: In execution of an equalization process between a plurality of cells connected in series, power supply system is provided. In power supply system, control circuit performs active balancing between a plurality of cells included in each of a plurality of series cell groups, using a plurality of active cell balancing circuits, and performs passive balancing between the plurality of series cell groups. Voltage detection circuit connected to a series cell group being undergoing the passive balancing and consuming power is supplied with power from first power supply circuit. Voltage detection circuit connected to series cell group being undergoing active cell balancing by active cell balancing circuit is supplied with power from second power supply circuit higher in efficiency than first power supply circuit.

Abstract: The invention relates to an energy storage comprising a plurality of series connectable energy modules connected to a string via a plurality of switches. Wherein a string controller controls which of the energy modules that are part of a current path through the string by control of the status of the switches. An energy storage monitoring system is monitoring an energy storage element operating parameter of an energy module, the energy storage monitoring system comprises: a current sensor and a plurality of energy module print. The plurality of energy module prints establishes an energy module operating parameter of the associated energy module. The current sensor establishes the current in the current path. The string controller is configured for by-passing an energy module based on information of status of the switches, the measured current in the current path and the battery operating parameter measured at the energy modules.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to increasing data storage device lifetime by detecting synthetic PLP tests. Both upper and lower PLP time thresholds are set. When the PLP time is above the upper threshold, the data storage device is in a defensive PLP idle state. When the PLP time is between the upper and lower thresholds, the data storage device is in a defensive PLP detecting state. When the PLP time is below the lower threshold, the data storage device may enter the defensive PLP state if the number of times the PLP time is below the lower PLP time threshold either a consecutive number of times or a set number of times within a predefined window of time. While in the defensive PLP state, mounting is not completed and hence, a host device will not send any I/O commands and thus, not waste a PEC count.

Abstract: An interface for a battery pack and an electrical combination. The interface may include a battery-receiving portion configured to receive a battery pack and including a cavity. The cavity is defined by a pair of sidewalls with rails defining a groove between the rails and a lower surface of the cavity. The rails are stepped or angled along a battery insertion axis and are configured to guide the sliding engagement of a battery pack within the battery-receiving portion.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for associating electronic devices together based on received audio commands are described. Methods for associating an audio-controlled device with a physically separate display screen device such that information responses can then be provided in both audio and graphic formats using the two devices in conjunction with each other are described. The audio-controlled device can receive audio commands that can be analyzed to determine the author, which can then be used to further streamline the association operation.

Abstract: A battery system for a motor vehicle. The battery system includes an actuating unit, a main control unit, multiple sub-control units, and multiple battery cells. The actuating unit is in signal communication with the sub-control units for data acquisition from the sub-control units. Each sub-control unit is in signal communication with a battery cell for data acquisition from the assigned battery cell. The main control unit is electrically connected to the sub-control units supplying power to the sub-control units. A method for operating a battery system is also described.

Abstract: A central IoT controller is described for conserving power resources of mobile IoT devices. Specifically, the central IoT controller is configured to at least monitor power reserves of mobile IoT devices, and in response to detecting that a power reserve has fallen below a predetermined threshold, generate computer-executable instructions that adjust configuration settings of the mobile IoT devices to conserve a remaining power reserve. The central IoT controller may modify a check-in interval for mobile IoT devices, configure the transmission of data communications via more power-efficient communication protocols, or reduce the number of active sensors on the mobile IoT device based on proximity to a trusted geolocation or a trusted device. Further, data communications may be rerouted via a proximate trusted device or other proximate mobile IoT device, in response to such device providing an efficiency with respect to available communication protocols.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a series battery pack capacity on-line monitoring and charging/discharging dual-state equalization circuit and method. The series battery pack capacity on-line monitoring and charging/discharging dual-state equalization circuit includes a storage battery pack, a gating switch array, a power dissipation loop, a polarity matching switch array, an isolated DC/DC converter, a bipolar differential battery voltage measurement circuit, a micro controller unit, a charging/discharging current detection loop, and a switch circuit unit. According to the present disclosure, each series battery of the storage battery pack can be separately charged and discharged by controlling the gating switch array, the storage battery pack capacity can be detected on line, bypass discharge and parallel supplement can be carried out on the series batteries with high or low relative state of charge in two states of charging and discharging, and the power of each series battery can be efficiently equalized.

Abstract: A method of operating a water electrolysis and electricity generating system includes, at a time of switching from the water electrolysis mode to the electricity generating mode, a water electrolysis stopping step, a purging step and an electricity generation starting step. In the purging step after the water electrolysis stopping step, an oxygen-containing gas is caused to flow from an oxygen-containing gas flow path to a first gas-liquid separator via an oxygen-containing gas introduction flow path, a first supply flow path, a first inlet port member, a first fluid flow path, a first outlet port member, and a first lead-out flow path. In the electricity generation starting step after the purging step, the cell member is caused to generate electricity based on a predetermined required load value.

Abstract: A protection system for a high-voltage component includes a switching circuit and a protection controller. The switching circuit changes a variable arrangement of multiple battery packs between a parallel arrangement and a series arrangement. The protection controller commands the switching circuit into the series arrangement in response to a recharging session, commands a current flow in the recharging session, measures a measured voltage between an input node and a floating chassis ground of the high-voltage component, advances a timer while the measured voltage indicates a presence of an improper voltage, and cancels the recharging session in response to the presence of the improper voltage for greater than an exposure time. The recharging session provides a direct-current fast-charging voltage to battery packs in the series arrangement, and is greater than the battery voltage.

Abstract: In a computing device that includes multiple device sections, one or more rechargeable battery power sources can be placed in each device section. Not only does this approach provide valuable space for multiple batteries, but it can also present the option of powering each device section from any one or both of the battery power sources. However, using multiple battery power sources in a computing device can present challenges in effectively charging the battery power sources using an external power source. This technology adds an independent common charge controller that may bypass the charge circuits for each battery pack based on outputs from fuel gauges internal to each of the battery packs. This permits fast battery charging, while remaining within current and voltage limits that are dependent on the battery state of charge to preserve battery life.

Abstract: For each cell in a plurality of cells from a same manufacturing run, a first and a second cell characteristic are received in order to obtain a plurality of cell characteristics. For each cell, a batch compatibility number that is associated with a number of compatible cells that that cell is compatible with is determined based at least in part on the plurality of cell characteristics. The plurality of cells is sorted according to the batch compatibility numbers to obtain a sorted list of cells. A plurality of compatible cells to include in a battery is selected from the plurality of cells, including by evaluating the plurality of cells according to the order of the sorted list of cells and beginning with the lowest batch compatibility number.

Abstract: A method of controlling an electric system including electric cells. The method includes the steps of: a) determining a first (second) priority table including first (second) cell priority levels for a system charge (discharge) operation; b) determining the average current exchanged by each cell over a time window according to the cell implementation number in a cell connection sequence; c) determining a classification of the cell implementation numbers by increasing or decreasing order of the average current; d) assigning the implementation numbers according to the order of the classification to the cells by increasing or decreasing number of the priority levels of the first or second priority table; and e) connecting or disconnecting the cells according to the order of the assigned implementation numbers.

Abstract: Control device for controlling a switch in a charging line disposed between a first power line and a second power line in a power distribution architecture. The control device includes a current level input for receiving a current measurement of the current conducted through the charging line, a voltage level input for receiving a voltage measurement of the voltage applied on the charging line. A monitor monitors the relationship between the current and voltage measurements and generates a control signal for controlling the switch in response to a coherent change in the current and voltage measurements exceeding a threshold. A control signal is not generated when a change in one of the current and voltage measurements exceeding a threshold is not associated with a coherent change in the other of the current and voltage measurements.

Abstract: A device for interfacing between a battery management system and groups of battery cells including at least one set of local units and at least one global unit that is connected to the local units of the at least one set. Each local unit is configured to compare a parameter related to a group of cells and associated with a first setpoint value, the first setpoint value originating from the at least one global unit, and to generate an output signal representative of the result of the comparison, and the at least one global unit is configured to receive the first setpoint value and includes an electronic module having an operating parameter having a global value that is dependent on the output signals generated by the local units of the at least one set.

Abstract: The present application discloses a battery equalization system, a vehicle, a battery equalization method, and a storage medium. The battery equalization system includes: a collection circuit; an equalization circuit; a controller; a charging branch circuit, connected to a charging device and a battery pack; and a first power supply branch circuit, connected to the charging device and the battery equalization system, and configured to supply power to the battery equalization system. When a state-of-charge of the battery pack is full and a cell in the battery pack needs enabling of equalization, the controller controls the charging branch circuit to disconnect, and controls the first power supply branch circuit to keep connected, so that an equalization module performs equalization processing on the cell that needs enabling of equalization.

Abstract: A device for connecting a first network comprising a first energy storage element and a second network comprising a second energy storage element includes switching circuitry and pre-charging circuitry. The switching circuitry is configured to electrically couple the first network and the second network. The switching circuitry comprises a first switching element configured to bi-directionally allow current between the first network and a center point node when operating in a closed state. The switching circuitry further comprises a second switching element configured to bi-directionally allow current between the second network and the center point node when operating in a closed state. The pre-charging circuitry is configured to limit current to the center point node when a first voltage at the first energy storage element equalizes with a second voltage at the second energy storage element.

Abstract: An electrical combination. The electrical combination comprises a battery pack configured to be interfaced with a hand held power tool, a control component, and a semiconducting switch. The transfer of power from the battery pack to the hand held power tool is controlled by the control component and the switch based on one of a battery pack state of charge and a respective state of charge of one of a plurality of battery cells. A discharge current of the battery pack is regulated based on the switch being controlled into one of a first state and a second state by the control component to selectively enable the transfer power from the plurality of battery cells to the hand held power tool.

Abstract: A battery monitoring system prevents damage to a device utilizing stacked battery cells, reduces the time required for battery replacement, and increases the capacity and reduces the size of the battery monitoring system. A battery unit includes: two or more battery cells configured to generate a DC voltage; two or more measurement units configured to measure a voltage value of the two or more battery cells and obtain measurement signals representing a measurement result; two or more transmission loop antennas configured to generate an AC magnetic field corresponding to the measurement signals; a reception loop antenna configured to receive the AC magnetic fields and generate a reception signal corresponding to the AC magnetic fields; a receiver configured to demodulate the reception signal to generate information representing the measurement results; and a magnetic core that runs through the transmission loop antennas and the reception loop antenna.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for balancing battery modules following fast charging, particularly with respect to fast charging lithium ion batteries with metalloid-based anodes. Charge balancing among multiple battery modules connected in series may be carried out by short-circuiting fully charged modules while adjusting the voltage and/or current level supplied by a charger, to fully charge remaining modules. A balancing module comprising a controller and switching circuitry may be configured to implement the charge balancing in association with the charger and its battery management system, and monitoring the battery modules. Advantageously, disclosed switching balancing is more efficient than prior art passive balancing and simpler in implementation than prior art active balancing.

Abstract: A battery control device that controls a battery assembly includes a first determining unit that determines whether a voltage difference between minimum and maximum values of OCVs of battery cells constituting the battery assembly and having an SOC-OCV characteristic curve including a flat region is equal to or larger than a predetermined voltage value, a second determining unit that determines whether the OCV of each battery cell is lower than a lower-limit voltage of the flat region, or is equal to or higher than the lower-limit voltage and lower than an upper-limit voltage, or is higher than the upper-limit voltage, a controller that executes control selected from SOC raising control, SOC lowering control, and SOC keeping control of the battery cells, based on determination results of the first and second determining units, and a processor that homogenizes the SOCs of the battery cells controlled by the controller.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solar photovoltaic installation capable of storing power while supplying power during daytime when solar radiation conditions are excellent. The solar photovoltaic installation of the invention includes at least a first solar module string 11 and a second solar module string 12 as solar module strings 10, the solar photovoltaic installation further includes at least a first storage battery array 21 and a second storage battery array 22 as storage battery arrays 20, and while power storage capacity detection means 60 detects that the second storage battery array 22 is less than a predetermined capacity and voltage detection means 50 detects voltage of more than predetermined voltage, the control means 40 connects the first solar module string 11 to a power conditioner 30, and connects the second solar module string 12 to the second storage battery array 22.

Abstract: The present invention is a method and a system for the energy management of an energy storage of an electrical system. The electrical system comprises at least one element (EMO) which moves under the action of swell, a means for driving the mobile means, and an energy storage. The energy storage means includes at least one supercapacitor. According to the invention, the energy management of the supercapacitor is controlled by determining ageing of the at least one supercapacitor beforehand used an ageing model of the at least one supercapacitor and a prediction of its future demand based on an estimate of future swell (HOU). The invention also relates to a wave energy system and a heave compensator having such an energy management system.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for managing a battery comprising a plurality of series connected cells. The battery comprises a plurality of series connected statically balanced cells. The battery is arranged so that a substantially identical load is imposed on all of the cells, in use in order to maintain the balance. A battery charging controller is used for controlling the charging of the battery as is arranged to terminate charging prior to the cells reaching their maximum state of charge. The invention also provides a modified charging regime which controls individual cell voltage to avoid any single cell exceeding a desired voltage.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for monitoring an electrically powered element are described. One or more power usage measurements for one or more elements may be obtained and analyzed to determine a behavior of a user of one or more of the elements. An action and/or a recommendation based on the analysis of one or more of the power usage measurements is determined.

Abstract: An enhanced parallel protection circuit is provided. A system using separate battery packs in a parallel configuration is arranged with multiple protection circuit modules (PCMs). The PCMs are configured to detect fault conditions, such as over voltage, under voltage, excess current, etc. The PCMs can be configured to control associated switches and/or other components. When a fault condition is detected by an individual PCM, the individual PCM transitions to a fault state, and the PCM triggers an output causing one or more actions, e.g., causing a device to shut down or isolate one or more components. In addition, by the use of the techniques disclosed herein, the individual PCM can generate a control signal that causes other PCMs to transition to a fault state. The individual PCM can also receive a control signal from another PCM to cause the individual PCM to transition to a fault state.

Abstract: A battery management and monitoring system for monitoring a lithium battery module is provided. The battery management and monitoring system may include a memory configured to retrievably store one or more algorithms, and a controller in communication with the memory. Based on the one or more algorithms, the controller may be configured to at least monitor a data signal corresponding to one or more parameters indicative of an operating condition of the lithium battery module, and generate a control signal based on the data signal configured to selectively engage one or more contactors in communication with the lithium battery module to at least temporarily isolate the lithium battery module if one or more of the parameters exceed predefined thresholds.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining the reliability of state of health parameter values for a battery including a plurality of battery cells, the method including the steps of receiving, for a state of health parameter, a plurality of measured parameter values for the battery, comparing the measured parameter values with at least one predetermined parameter criterion; and determining that the measured state of health parameter values are reliable if the state of health parameter values fulfill the at least one predetermined parameter criterion. A corresponding system, computer program, and computer readable medium are also provided.

Abstract: A method for power management of a multi-cell battery includes identifying a desired power value and voltage value, determining a battery voltage value and a battery current value for a battery, determining a number of battery banks from a plurality of battery banks to use for the battery, where each battery bank includes one or more battery cells (or battery modules), checking availability of each of the one or more battery cells (or battery modules), selecting one or more battery banks from the plurality of battery banks, where the selection of a battery bank is based on the availability of the battery cells (or battery modules) included in the battery pack, and a quantity of the selected battery banks is equal to the determined number of battery banks, and connecting the available battery cells (or battery modules) in the selected one or more battery banks to form the battery.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a storage battery control device includes a first reception unit, a second reception unit, a calculation unit, a generation unit, and a transmission unit. The first reception unit receives a charge and discharge command from a power management device. The second reception unit receives a current electricity storage state from each of storage batteries. The calculation unit calculates a control amount, which indicates a ratio of the current electricity storage state in an operation range, with respect to each of the storage batteries on the basis of the current electricity storage state and the operation range of the electricity storage state.

Abstract: An adaptive multi-string battery for an electric vehicle is disclosed herein. The battery strings can adaptively be connected to the power bus bars based on the output voltage to be discharged with load. During operation of the vehicle, the voltage, current, and estimate charge can be constantly monitored to change the connected status of the battery strings to the power buses to allow connecting or disconnecting of the battery strings adaptively.

Abstract: A method for charging a vehicle battery which stores electrical power for an electrical drive motor of a vehicle, wherein the vehicle battery is electrically connectable to a charging socket via a switch arrangement. The method includes: measuring a first electrical variable on the switch arrangement side facing the charging socket, by a first measuring device, measuring a second electrical variable on the switch arrangement side facing the vehicle battery, by a second measuring device, comparing the first and second electrical variables and closing the switch arrangement, if the first and second electrical variables substantially correspond, measuring the first and second electrical variables while the switch arrangement is closed, and adjusting the first measuring device and the second measuring device on the basis of a first measurement difference between measurement results of the first and second electrical variables while the switch arrangement is closed.

Abstract: A method, in some embodiments, comprises: providing a battery charging system; and using the battery charging system to charge a battery to a target charge level using multiple constant current (CC) stages and without using a constant voltage (CV) stage.

Abstract: An enhanced parallel protection circuit is provided. A system using separate battery packs in a parallel configuration is arranged with multiple protection circuit modules (PCMs). The PCMs are configured to detect fault conditions, such as over voltage, under voltage, excess current, excess heat, etc. Individual PCMs can be configured to control associated switches and/or other components. When a fault condition is detected by an individual PCM, the individual PCM triggers one or more associated switches to shut down one or more components. In addition, by the use of the techniques disclosed herein, the individual PCM can also trigger switches that are controlled by other PCMs. Configurations disclosed herein mitigate occurrences where a multi-PCM device is operating after at least one PCM has shut down. Configurations disclosed herein provide safeguards and redundant protection in scenarios where a fault event is detected by one PCM and not detected by another PCM in a parallel configuration.

Abstract: Aspects of a battery management converter system are described. In one embodiment, a battery management converter system includes an arrangement of a plurality of battery converter cells, where each battery converter cell includes one or more battery cells and a switching power converter. The system further includes a battery converter cell controller for each of the plurality of battery converter cells, and a battery management converter controller that receives battery status information from each battery converter cell controller and provides control references to distribute charging or discharging power among the plurality of battery converter cells.

Abstract: One embodiment of present disclosure describes a battery control system including a first string control unit that controls operation of a first battery string and outputs a first serial communication signal, wherein the first serial communication signal comprises a first frequency to indicate that the first string control unit is a master string control unit when a fault is not detected; and a second string control unit that controls operation of a second battery string, receives the first serial communication signal, determines that the second string control unit is a subordinate string control unit when the first serial communication signal comprises the first frequency, and outputs a second serial communication signal, wherein the second serial communication signal comprises a second frequency to indicate that the second string control unit is the subordinate string control unit when a fault is not detected.

Abstract: Systems and methods of providing integrated battery protection for a plurality of series-connected batteries, in which a plurality of controllable switches are used to disconnect or otherwise isolate the respective batteries, substantially simultaneously, from an external circuit in response to certain fault or non-fault battery conditions. When the plurality of controllable switches are synchronously transitioned from a closed or “ON” state to an opened or “OFF” state, the voltages of the respective batteries become distributed among the controllable switches, allowing for the use of switches having a reduced voltage rating as well as a reduced cost. By connecting a balancing resistor across each of a plurality of series-connected battery/switch pairs, a more even distribution of the voltages of the respective batteries among the controllable switches can be achieved, providing the system with more predictable operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a solid-state image sensor and a camera system capable of reducing the influence of noise at a connection between chips without a special circuit for communication and reducing the cost as a result. The semiconductor device includes: a first chip; and a second chip, wherein the first chip and the second chip are bonded to have a stacked structure, the first chip has a high-voltage transistor circuit mounted thereon, the second chip has mounted thereon a low-voltage transistor circuit having lower breakdown voltage than the high-voltage transistor circuit, and wiring between the first chip and the second chip is connected through a via formed in the first chip.

Abstract: A usage history for a mobile device is determined. The usage history is based upon historical analytics for a user. A battery reserve in the mobile device is monitored. Whether a threshold battery reserve for a battery in the mobile device, based upon the monitored battery reserve, is determined. In response to determining that a threshold battery reserve for the battery in the mobile device has been met, a power save mode is implemented for the mobile device to reduce battery consumption by the mobile device based on the determined usage history. The power save mode includes utilizing at least one of a battery partition and a second battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a solid-state image sensor and a camera system capable of reducing the influence of noise at a connection between chips without a special circuit for communication and reducing the cost as a result. The semiconductor device includes: a first chip; and a second chip, wherein the first chip and the second chip are bonded to have a stacked structure, the first chip has a high-voltage transistor circuit mounted thereon, the second chip has mounted thereon a low-voltage transistor circuit having lower breakdown voltage than the high-voltage transistor circuit, and wiring between the first chip and the second chip is connected through a via formed in the first chip.

Abstract: A battery sensor with addressing mode and detection mode capability comprising a processor, an input interface, an output interface, an addressing channel and a detection channel; the processor connected to at least one battery parameter detection circuit; the addressing channel used a series connection manner to connect with a series connection input interface of the input interface, the processor and a series connection output interface of the output interface; a first communication interface of the input interface and a second communication interface of the output interface can be parallel connected to the processor by the detection channel; wherein the battery sensor can execute a battery addressing mode by the addressing channel, and the battery sensor can execute a battery parameter detection mode by the detection channel.

Abstract: A battery system includes a plurality of battery packs connected in parallel each including a switch and a battery connected to the switch in series and a battery state determining unit determining a state of the battery. The battery state determining unit includes a disconnection determining unit controlling disconnection of the switch and a switch controller controlling open and close of the switch in accordance with a result of determining the state. The disconnection determining unit calculates allowable stop and demanded stop periods of the battery packs on the basis of the past data, season data, and allowable currents of the batteries and transmits data to the switch controller when the demanded stop period is smaller than the allowable stop period, and the switch controller makes the switch in an open state.

Abstract: An exemplary method and apparatus are provided for operating a power grid that has decentralized control elements. The decentralized control elements are adapted to interact with each other, in particular by communication. At least a part of the power grid, a control element or the interaction between control elements, in particular the communication between control elements, is monitored. When a problem in at least a part of the power grid, the control element or the interaction between control elements, in particular a communication breakdown, is detected, a control element affected by the problem is triggered to work autonomously.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a solid-state image sensor and a camera system capable of reducing the influence of noise at a connection between chips without a special circuit for communication and reducing the cost as a result. The semiconductor device includes: a first chip 11; and a second chip 12, wherein the first chip 11 and the second chip 12 are bonded to have a stacked structure, the first chip 11 has a high-voltage transistor circuit mounted thereon, the second chip 12 has mounted thereon a low-voltage transistor circuit having lower breakdown voltage than the high-voltage transistor circuit, and wiring between the first chip and the second chip is connected through a via formed in the first chip.

Abstract: In a battery system for a vehicle, a lead battery is connected in parallel to a sub-battery, and a charging resistance r2 of the sub-battery 2 is lower than a charging resistance r1 of the lead battery.

Abstract: A control device of a secondary battery has a current detection unit (103) that detects a charge current to the secondary battery (101) and a discharge current from the secondary battery (101); a calculation unit (107) that calculates, from the charge current and the discharge current, a charge-discharge efficiency and a discharge-charge efficiency when performing a charge operation and a discharge operation; a deterioration judgment unit (107) that judges a deterioration state of the secondary battery (101) from a temporal change rate of the charge-discharge efficiency and a temporal change rate of the discharge-charge efficiency; and a control unit (107) that sets a charge termination voltage of the secondary battery (101) in accordance with the deterioration state.