Abstract: A method of maximum power point tracking for a photovoltaic module system is disclosed. The photovoltaic module system may comprise a photovoltaic module array comprising a plurality of identical photovoltaic modules, and the tracking method may comprise: detecting system parameters and environmental parameters of the photovoltaic module array; estimating a first voltage coefficient of one photovoltaic module according to the system parameters and the environmental parameters; estimating a plurality of second voltage coefficients of the photovoltaic module array according to the first voltage coefficient with different shading ratios; estimating a plurality of local maximum power point powers according to corresponding second voltage coefficients; and determining a whole maximum power point by comparing the local maximum power point powers with one another.

Abstract: A power-supply control apparatus uses a margin setting unit to set the value of a margin that is added to a request voltage value VID1 of an electronic device, which dynamically changes the operation voltage. A margin adding unit calculates a control voltage value VID2 by adding the margin to the request voltage value VID1 and outputs the control voltage value VID2 to a power-supply apparatus. Therefore, the power-supply apparatus can supply a margin-included voltage value that is changed in accordance with a change in the operation voltage of the electronic device. Accordingly, it is possible to check the electronic device, which dynamically changes its operation voltage, by using a margin that is properly set.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling electric power supplied to one or more electrical devices from a power source are disclosed. Measurements of the supplied electricity are detected. Estimated deviant voltage levels that the supplied electricity will not drop below or exceed as a result of varying electrical consumption by the one or more electrical devices is computed based on a predetermined confidence level and the detected measurements. A voltage level output of the electricity supplied to the electrical device is adjusted based on the computed deviant voltage level.

Abstract: A controller for regulating an output of a power supply includes a logic block and an oscillator. The logic block generates the drive signal to control switching of a power switch in response to a clock signal. The clock signal has a frequency that decreases responsive to a time period of the drive signal, where a decrease in the time period of the drive signal represents an increase in an input voltage of the power supply. The oscillator is coupled to generate the clock signal in response to a waveform having an amplitude swing. The oscillator alters the waveform in response to the time period of the drive signal.

Abstract: A photovoltaic system includes a photovoltaic array and a DC/AC inverter. The photovoltaic array includes an output, a plurality of photovoltaic strings each including a plurality of photovoltaic modules electrically connected in series to form an output having a first direct current voltage, and a plurality of DC/DC converters each including a first maximum power point tracking mechanism for a corresponding one of the photovoltaic strings, an input of the output of the corresponding one of the photovoltaic strings, and an output having a second direct current voltage. Each output of the DC/DC converters is electrically connected in parallel or series to form the output of the photovoltaic array having a direct current voltage. The DC/AC inverter includes a second maximum power point tracking mechanism for the photovoltaic array, an input of the output of the photovoltaic array, and an output having an alternating current voltage.

Abstract: A voltage generation circuit includes a plurality of voltage generation units each configured to include an internal voltage with a reference voltage, generate a detection signal based on a comparison result between the internal voltage and the reference voltage, and adjust the level of the internal voltage in response to an oscillation signal, a control unit configured to generate an oscillation control signal in response to the detection signals, an oscillator configured to generate the oscillation signal in response to the oscillation control signal, and a selective output unit configured to selectively supply the oscillation signal to one or more of the plurality of voltage generation units in response to the detection signals.

Abstract: A signal driver circuit having an adjustable output voltage for a high-logic level output signal. The signal driver circuit includes a signal driver configured to output a first logic level signal having a first voltage and output a second logic level signal having a second voltage according to an input signal. A voltage controlled voltage supply coupled to the signal driver provides the first voltage for the first logic level signal. The magnitude of the first voltage provided by the voltage controlled voltage supply is based on a bias voltage. A bias voltage generator can be coupled to the voltage controlled voltage supply to provide the bias voltage.

Abstract: A self-optimizing energy harvester comprises a thermoelectric generator coupling to a thermal source, producing a source voltage greater than a minimum start-up voltage, where the thermoelectric generator drives a boost circuit and a feedforward circuit, delivering power to a load. A conventional boost circuit has a maximum output power only at the input voltage for which a fixed set point resistor is chosen. The feedforward circuit dynamically optimizes the boost circuit according to a dynamic set point resistance, thus increasing output power for a wide range of input voltages, relative to using a fixed reference resistor. The dynamic set point resistance is the sum of a variable resistance and a reference resistance. A sample element forms a differential voltage between the source and input voltage elements, and the variable resistance corresponds to the differential voltage. A reference resistor is chosen to establish the minimum start-up voltage.

Abstract: While an electronic product including passive elements is connected to an AC input voltage source, corresponding decreased currents are calculated according to a constant input/output work and a voltage curve of the input voltage source. Therefore, while the electronic product is activated under voltage sources having different scales or being unstable, the calculated decreased currents are applied so as to stabilize the input work or the output work.

Abstract: A converter circuit to be connected to an electrical energy source capable of showing major fluctuations in delivered power includes a chopper circuit with a variable duty cycle and connectable to the electrical energy source, an output circuit adapted for connection to the chopper circuit, a control loop for tracking an MPP of the energy source connected to an output of the energy source, and a control unit configured to command, at predefined intervals, changes in the chopper circuit's duty cycle as a function of the control loop's set-value signal. The control loop includes means for analog storage of pieces of information corresponding to output voltages from the energy source for at least three successive duty cycles, and an analog comparison unit delivering an output, as a function of the stored pieces of information, and a set-value signal for increasing or reducing of the duty cycle by the control unit.

Abstract: A boost circuit is used for power factor correction (PFC). In a low power application, transition mode control is utilized. However, switching frequency varies with different input voltages, and over a wide input voltage range, the switching frequency can become too high to be practical. To address this issue, a boost circuit is provided whose effective inductance changes as a function of input voltage. By changing the inductance, control is exercised over switching frequency.

Abstract: A system and method that analyzes at least one aspect of the power grid for demand response in order to reduce feeder circuit losses is provided. The system and method may use a demand response model to select one or more factors for the demand response, such as selecting a subset of customers for demand response from a larger pool of available demand response customers. The demand response model may include a grid structure component, such as an indication of the particular customer's position in the grid, and a dynamic operation component, such as a real-time measurement of current in the feeder circuit. By using the demand response model, feeder circuit losses may thereby reduced.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a power supply apparatus and method, and a user equipment. In the embodiments of the present invention, charging protection for the battery electric core and a bypass function for the voltage boost circuit can be implemented through control that is performed on the switch device by the logic control circuit, so that additional impedance can be reduced and working efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: A multi-hysteresis voltage controlled current source system having a variety of multi-hysteresis characteristics is provided. In the multi-hysteresis voltage controlled current source system, single-hysteresis voltage controlled current source circuits 21, 22, . . . 2N as fundamental components are connected in parallel, and a differential input voltage vid is applied to the single-hysteresis voltage controlled current source circuits 21, 22, . . . 2N, so that a plurality of discrete values of current can be output based on the single-hysteresis voltage controlled current source circuits 21, 22, . . . 2N.

Abstract: Compensation system adapted for use with a battery-powered, PWM-driven portable electronic device to enable consistent power to the device load despite battery voltage drop resulting from battery depletion, comprising: a voltage divider circuit for proportionally adjusting the voltage to a measurable range; an analog-to-digital converter for receiving the output from the voltage divider and converting it into a digital voltage value; and a microprocessing unit for running software code steps for receiving digital voltage input and user-determined power setting input for determining a compensating duty cycle for application by the software to the PWM to drive the load consistently at the user-determined power setting despite decrease in battery voltage resulting from battery depletion.

Abstract: A internal voltage generator includes a plurality of voltage level detection units, each configured to detect a voltage level of a corresponding internal voltage terminal, based on a predetermined target voltage level assigned to the corresponding internal voltage terminal, and generate a detection signal, a common internal voltage generation unit configured to generate an internal voltage through a pumping operation in response to the detection signal outputted from the voltage level detection units, and a path multiplexing unit configured to selectively output the internal voltage to one of the internal voltage terminals.

Abstract: A Power Factor Corrector (PFC), typically used as the first stage of switched mode power supplies, particularly suited for Universal Mains inputs, is disclosed, along with methods for controlling a switched mode power supply having power factor correction. In order to increase efficiency, particularly under low load conditions, without undue degradation of the Power Factor, the switching of the PFC circuit is confined to one or more operating windows within each half-cycle. In example embodiments, the operating window comprises a small time window centered around the peak of the mains voltage. The higher the power level, the wider the switching window.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter for converting an input power to generate a first power and for outputting the first power to a first output terminal, the DC-DC converter including: a resistor unit for electrically connecting a set resistor to the first output terminal when the voltage of input power is in a specific range, and a mobile communication terminal using the same. Here, the DC-DC converter is capable of reducing or removing a pulse skip mode by increasing a load of an output end if it is determined that the voltage of the input power is in the specific range, by sensing the input power.

Abstract: A voltage regulation and modulation circuit of a contactless device, including an adjustable impedance circuit configured to maintain an amplitude of an input voltage to be less than an amplitude of a reference voltage; a current buffer circuit coupled between the adjustable impedance circuit and a load, and configured to buffer a supply current, which is output from the adjustable impedance circuit, to the load; and a parallel regulator coupled to an output of the current buffer circuit, and configured to maintain a constant supply voltage at the load.

Abstract: Provided is an electric device, including: a secondary battery; and a power supply circuit for dropping an input voltage which is input from the secondary battery to an output voltage and outputting the output voltage to a load, in which the output voltage is stepwise dropped in accordance with the drop of the input voltage.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus and a controlling method thereof are disclosed. The power conversion apparatus is applied with a power generation apparatus, which outputs a first signal. The power conversion apparatus includes a conversion-sensing circuit, a control signal generating circuit and a switching circuit. The conversion-sensing circuit converts the first signal into a second signal, and senses at least a voltage waveform change of the second signal to generate a time interval. The control signal generating circuit is electrically connected with the conversion-sensing circuit and outputs a control signal according to the time interval. The switching circuit is electrically connected with the power generation apparatus and the control signal generating circuit, and has a plurality switching elements. The switching circuit receives the first signal and conducts one of the switching elements according to the control signal so as to convert the first signal and output an output signal.

Abstract: In a switching power supply apparatus, an alternating-current input power supply is input to the input terminals of a power factor correction converter and a DC-DC converter is connected to output terminals. A load is connected to the output of the DC-DC converter. A digital signal processing circuit takes the product of an output voltage error and a detection value of the input voltage as a current reference amplitude value and controls the on period of a switching element in accordance with the difference between the current reference amplitude value and the current flowing through an inductor. The target value of the output voltage or the output voltage error is corrected using a value that is proportional to the current reference amplitude value such that the output voltage rises as the load goes from a light to a heavy load state.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for controlling current in an electronic device may involve sensing a first voltage, the first voltage representing a battery voltage. The first voltage can be compared to a cutoff voltage. A current may be provided to power a display based on the comparison of the first voltage to the cutoff voltage.

Abstract: The power management circuit includes a sampling unit, a reference voltage unit, a comparator, and a power managing unit. The sampling unit divides an input voltage from the power supply to generate a sampling voltage. The reference voltage unit receives the input voltage and generates a reference voltage when the input voltage is larger than a predetermined value. The comparator compares the sampling voltage with the reference voltage, generates a first signal when the sampling voltage is larger than the reference voltage, and generates a second signal when the sampling voltage is smaller than the reference voltage. The power managing unit establishes an electrical connection between the power supply and the load according to the first signal, and cuts off the electrical connection between the power supply and the load according to the second signal. A related electronic device is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a current-mode control switching regulator that steps down or steps up an input voltage input to an input terminal to a predetermined constant voltage and outputs the stepped input voltage from an output terminal as an output voltage. The current-mode control switching regulator includes a switching element, an inductor, a rectifying element, an error amplification circuit unit, an oscillation circuit unit with variable oscillation frequency, a slope voltage generation circuit unit, and a switching control circuit unit.

Abstract: There is provided a power generation control apparatus including a measurement part measuring a voltage and a current of a photoelectric transducer, a regulation part regulating a current flowing through the photoelectric transducer, and a control part analyzing a shape of a current-voltage curve from the voltage and the current measured by the measurement part, and controlling the regulation part based on a result of the analysis to regulate the current flowing through the photoelectric transducer.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter for generating an output voltage from input voltage, includes: an output stage for outputting the output voltage; an error amplifier having an input and a reference input for receiving a feedback voltage at the input in accordance with the output voltage and for receiving a reference voltage at the reference input, the error amplifier generating an amplified voltage for driving the output stage, the amplifier voltage corresponding to the difference between the feedback voltage and the reference voltage; a phase compensation unit for generating a phase compensation component to the feedback voltage; and a phase compensation controller for controlling the phase of the phase compensation unit; wherein the feedback voltage is determined by the output voltage plus said phase compensation component.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, a regulator circuit. The regulator circuit can controllably connect a first voltage to an inductor using a first switch and can controllably connect a second voltage to the inductor using a second switch. The first switch can be turned off and the second switch can be turned on for a duration proportional to a difference between the first voltage and a third voltage, divided by the first voltage. The first switch can be turned off and the second switch can be turned on for a duration proportional to the third voltage divided by the first voltage. One of the first or third voltages can correspond to a desired output voltage.

Abstract: An inverter with galvanic separation including a resonant converter and an upstream mounted boost chopper is intended to provide galvanic separation in the context of a variable input and output voltage as it exists in photovoltaic systems, with the efficiency being intended to be optimized over the entire input voltage range. This is achieved in that a boost chopper or a buck chopper is mounted upstream of the resonant converter.

Abstract: Power sources, backup power circuits, power source control circuits, data storage devices, and methods relating to controlling application of power to a node are disclosed. An example power source includes an input, backup power source, and a backup power source control circuit. The input is configured to be coupled to a primary power source and further configured to couple the primary power source to the output when the input is coupled to the primary power source. The backup power source control circuit is configured to control a current path from the backup power source to the output based at least in part on a voltage applied to the input.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bias circuit which includes a bias voltage generating part configured to generate a bias voltage using a reference current and a variable current; a reference current source part configured to provide the reference current to the bias voltage generating part; and a current adjusting part configured to provide the variable current to the bias voltage generating part and to adjust the amount of the variable current according to voltage levels of at least two input signals. The bias circuit prevents an increase in power consumption and improves a slew rate at the same time.

Abstract: A system for transferring energy from an energy source includes a first energy source, a DC link coupled to a DC load, a first DC-to-DC voltage converter coupled to the DC link, and a second DC-to-DC voltage converter coupled to the first energy source. A controller is coupled to the first and second DC-to-DC voltage converters and configured to determine a voltage level of the first energy source and of the DC link. If the voltage level of the DC link is less than the voltage level of the first energy source, the controller controls the second DC-to-DC voltage converter to draw energy from the first energy source to cause the DC voltage output from the first energy source and supplied to the first DC-to-DC voltage converter to be below the DC load voltage supplied to the DC link via the first DC-to-DC voltage converter.

Abstract: There is provided a control system including a plurality of first apparatuses, and at least one second apparatus that is connected to each first apparatus. The first apparatuses include a plurality of conversion units, and each include a control unit controlling an on/off state of each conversion unit by referring to a table. The second apparatus includes a power storage unit and a charging control unit controlling charging of the power storage unit. The conversion units each convert a first voltage supplied from a power generating apparatus to a second voltage according to a magnitude of the first voltage. The second voltage output from at least one of the conversion units is supplied to the second apparatus. The charging control unit controls charging of the power storage unit in accordance with a variation in the second voltage.

Abstract: An electronic device receives a voltage from a power supply. The electronic device includes a load, a first adjusting module, a switching module, a delay module, and a second adjusting module. The first adjusting module produces a working voltage when the electronic device is powered on. The switching module establishes an electrical connection between the first adjusting module and the load when receiving the working voltage, and cuts off the electrical connection when not receiving the working voltage. The delay module delays outputting the working voltage to the load for a first predetermined time period on power on, and maintains a power supply to the load for a second predetermined time period after power off. Both the first predetermined time period and the second predetermined time period are independently adjustable.

Abstract: A power converter includes a power switch, an energy storage element, a driver, a first calculator, and a second calculator. The first calculator coupled to determine an end of an on time of a power switch of the power converter by integrating an input current to output an on time signal representative of the end of the on time of the power switch. The second calculator coupled to determine an end of an off time of the power switch by integrating a difference between an input voltage and an output voltage to output an off time signal representative of the end of the off time of the power switch. The driver controls the power switch such that an input current of the power converter is substantially proportional to an input voltage of the power converter in response to the on time signal and the off time signal.

Abstract: A power converter and a method of operating the same is described, for use in a power conversion system that is capable of receiving power from various sources, including renewable sources, for delivering power to a load. Power type detection circuitry is provided for identifying the type of power source at the input of each power detector, based on attributes of the time-varying power received. The power converter is constructed of a boost stage followed by a galvanically isolated DC-DC converter stage. If a renewable input power source is detected, the boost stage is controlled to operate at a maximum power point, and the DC-DC converter stage is operated in an open loop manner when load exceeds available power at input. The load falls below available input power, the boost stage is controlled to regulate its output voltage and DC-DC converter stage is also placed under closed loop control.

Abstract: A power supply for limited power sources and an audio amplifier using the power supply comprising power sources to provide an output power signal that can be used by load with a high peak to average power requirement ratio. When such power sources are used to power devices that have a high peak to average power consumption, the average power output of the device is severely limited if the peak power is kept below the power supply limits of the limited power source.

Abstract: There is provided a power system including a power transmitting apparatus and a power receiving apparatus. The power transmitting apparatus includes: a power generating unit generating power using renewable energy; a first power measuring unit measuring a power amount generated in a specified period; and a power transmitting unit transmitting the generated power in the specified period and information on the measured power amount to the power receiving apparatus. The power receiving apparatus includes: a power receiving unit receiving the power and the information on the power amount from the power transmitting apparatus; a second power measuring unit measuring a power amount received in the specified period; a determining unit comparing the received power amount and the measured power amount and determining whether such amounts match; and a power reception control unit operable when the amounts do not match, to stop reception of the power and the information.

Abstract: A power tracking device and a power tracking method is disclosed herein. The power tracking device includes a power voltage setting circuit, a switch, a switching signal circuit, and a voltage memory circuit. The switching signal circuit is configured for sending a first control signal to the switch. When the switch receives the first control signal and electrically isolates the power source and the power voltage setting circuit, the voltage memory circuit stores an open circuit voltage of the power source and sends a setting voltage relative to the open circuit voltage, and when the switch receives the first control signal and electrically connects the power source and the power voltage setting circuit, the power voltage setting circuit sets an output voltage of the power source to correspond with the setting voltage.

Abstract: A synchronous buck regulator includes a voltage regulator, a sample unit, a switch element, a comparison unit, a time delay unit, and a control unit. The sample unit is connected to the external power source for sampling a voltage drop in the external power source. The comparison unit is connected to the sample unit for outputting a result-high signal when the current passing through the sample unit is greater than a predetermined current rating. The time delay unit is connected to the comparison unit for outputting a first result-low signal. The control unit is connected to the time delay unit and outputs a first a low level signal to the switch element according to the result-low signal. The switch element connects the sample unit and the voltage regulator and can isolate the voltage regulator from the external power source when the low level signal is received.

Abstract: Circuits and methods for dynamic adjustment of the current limit of a power management unit to avoid unwanted automatic interruption of the power flow have been disclosed. The invention can be applied to switched and linear DC-to-DC converters. The power management unit is automatically adjusted to the output resistance of a power source (including interconnect resistance). The invention maximizes the time and hence the power transferred from a power management unit to the system (including the battery, in case of battery operated systems). The input current is reduced, thus increasing the input voltage in case of a high voltage drop across the internal resistance including interconnections between power source and power management unit.

Abstract: A converter apparatus and method for operating the converter apparatus are provided for producing a plurality of output voltages or a plurality of output voltage potentials at corresponding outputs. The converter apparatus includes a plurality of setting units, which are each associated with one of a plurality of input voltage sources, Each of the setting units is configured to vary an input voltage which is produced by the associated input voltage source, and to provide an intermediate voltage. The converter apparatus also includes a plurality of selection elements to which intermediate voltage potentials are each applied. The intermediate voltage potentials are defined by the intermediate voltages. Each selection element is configured to select one of the intermediate voltage potentials for outputting as the respective output voltage potential.

Abstract: A power supply control structure includes a voltage detection unit connected to a main power supply, a current control unit connected to the voltage detection unit, and switch units connected to different output points provided on the current control unit. The voltage detection unit detects a voltage value of the main power supply, the current control unit turns on one of the switch units via one of the output points according to the detected voltage value of the main power supply, so that loads respectively connected to the switch units always have the same output power even when the voltage value of the input main power supply is changed and batteries serving as the input main power supply can provide extended operating time.

Abstract: A power-gated electronic device and a method of operating the same is provided. The power-gated electronic device comprises a low drop out voltage power supply (LDO), an auxiliary power supply and at least one electronic domain having a power gate. The LDO provides a supply voltage to the at least one electronic domain which is coupled to a supply rail of the LDO via a switch, acting as a power gate. The auxiliary power supply comprises at least one current source which is coupled to the electronic domain via an auxiliary switch acting as an auxiliary power gate. The auxiliary power supply is configured to control the auxiliary switch as a function of a voltage difference between a reference voltage and the auxiliary supply voltage.

Abstract: A control circuit for controlling a soft-start time of a DC power supply includes a digital potentiometer, a first drive circuit, and a controller. The digital potentiometer includes a first potentiometer. The first drive circuit includes a first driver, a first MOSFET, and a first charge capacitor. The first driver charges the first charge capacitor via the first potentiometer when the DC power supply is first switched on, and the first MOSFET is switched on to connect the DC power supply to the load when the first charge capacitor is fully charged. The controller regulates resistance of the first potentiometer to regulate a charge time constant of the first charge capacitor, enabling a gradual rise in voltage supplied, from approximately zero to full power, within a desired period of time.

Abstract: The power supply comprises a bridge rectifier connected to an AC source; a boost converter series-connected to the bridge rectifier comprising an inductance coil; a filter capacitor series-connected to the boost converter; a DC/DC converter connected to a load; a hold-up-time enhancer connected to and positioned between the filter capacitor and the DC/DC converter; and a virtual by-pass system parallel-connected to the hold-up-time enhancer comprising an induction coil inductively coupled to the inductance coil of the boost converter. As such, voltage is induced on the induction coil by the inductance coil in the boost converter and the virtual by-pass system parallel-connected to the hold-up-time enhancer is thereby turned on and off.

Abstract: A step-up circuit includes a capacitor, a transistor connected to the capacitor, and a reference voltage generator circuit configured to supply the transistor with a reference voltage that causes a rate of voltage increase relative to supply voltage to vary in accordance with the supply voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a DC to DC converter system (100), which comprises converter means (110) and control means (120). The switching sequence of the first, second and third switching means (S1, S2, S3) is controlled by the control means (120) in such a manner that, during the on-time of the second switching device (S2), the first current (II) that flows through the inductive storage element (L) of the converter means (110) can be indirectly measured through the first voltage (VC1) across the capacitive storage element (C1), which is being charged with a second current (12) proportional to the input voltage (Vin) of the converter means (110) and provided by the current source (CS). Thus, the on-time of the second switching means (S2) varies inversely proportional to the input voltage (Vin).

Abstract: A method of operating a switched-mode power supply (SMPS) for supplying power to a load circuit, which draws a supply current that varies with an input signal to the load circuit is disclosed. The method comprises monitoring the input signal and controlling the amount of accumulated energy transferred for consumption by the load circuit, in use, in accordance with the input signal.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to a boost converter module for a solar energy system. The boost converter module includes input poles, output poles, and a boost converter unit connected between the input poles and the output poles. The input poles can be adapted for connection to a photovoltaic device feeding an input direct voltage (DCIN). The boost converter unit can be adapted for converting the input direct voltage (DCIN) into an output voltage (VOUT) that is higher than the input direct voltage (DCIN) and to feed the output voltage (VOUT) into the output poles. The module also includes a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) unit, a base, and a lid, and input connection means and output connection means on an inner surface of the base. The lid being adapted for connecting at least one wire to the input poles and the output poles.