Abstract: A temperature compensated power detector generally comprises a detector circuit portion, which includes a detector diode, and a temperature compensation circuit portion, which includes a temperature compensation diode, that is operably connected to the detector circuit portion. The detector diode and the temperature compensation diode are connected in DC series with each other and develop substantially identical voltage drops. The detector circuit portion operates to detect a voltage from a power input. However, the detected voltage is subject to alteration due to temperature variations. The temperature compensation circuit portion develops a voltage that is also subject to alteration due to temperature variations. The temperature altered voltage of the temperature compensation circuit portion is used to cancel out the temperature altered voltage of the detector circuit portion allowing the power detector to produce a true voltage output.

Abstract: An NTC thermistor has an electrically insulating substrate, a temperature-sensitive film on a surface of the substrate containing oxide of rare earth elements such as LaCoO3 as its principal component by at least 50 weight %, and a pair of electrodes which are separated from each other and are each electrically connected to this film. An NTC thermistor chip is obtained by further forming a pair of outer electrodes which are each on a corresponding end portion and electrically connected to a corresponding one of the surface electrodes.

Abstract: An RF power amplifier is provided for use with wireless transmission systems such as cellular phones. An RF power amplifier includes direct drive amplifier circuitry operating in a push-pull scheme. The RF power amplifier includes a pair of switching devices driven by a pair of mutually coupled inductive devices. The inductive devices may be magnetically or capacitively coupled together. The RF power amplifier may be formed on a single integrated circuit and include an on-chip bypass capacitor. The RF power amplifier may utilize a voltage regulator for providing a regulated voltage source. The RF power amplifier may be provided using a dual oxide gate device resulting in an improved amplifier. The RF power amplifier may be packaged using flip chip technology and multi-layer ceramic chip carrier technology.

Abstract: A voltage output device outputs an analog voltage obtained by dividing a supply voltage with a plurality of resistor elements. The resistor elements are individually connected in parallel with fuse elements and switching transistors. The fuse elements have a resistance sufficiently lower than the resistor elements. The voltage output device also has a controller that controls, in accordance with an input signal fed thereto, the on/off states of the switching elements. The fuse elements connected in parallel with the transistors that are turned on remain intact without blowing, and the fuse elements connected in parallel with the transistors that are kept off blow. The fuse elements blow when a current higher than a predetermined value is passed therethrough, and this permits adjustment of the value of the output analog voltage.

Abstract: A power supply device for driving liquid crystal which generates four liquid crystal drive voltages V1 and V4 between first and second reference voltages, the power supply device comprising: a voltage division circuit 102 which divides a voltage between voltages between voltages V1 and V5 and generates four pairs of first voltages NV1 to NV4 and second voltages PV1 to PV4; and four impedance conversion circuits 103 and 104 which generate impedance converted liquid crystal drive voltages V1 to V4 based on the four pairs of the first and second voltages. Each impedance conversion circuit comprises voltage follower type of differential amplifier circuits 120 and 110 to which a pair of the first and second voltages is input, and an output circuit 130 which is driven by the differential amplification circuits. The N-type transistor 134 and P-type transistor 132 in the output circuit are independently driven by the first and second output voltages VN, VP from the differential amplification circuits 120 and 110.

Abstract: Disclosed are solid-state potentiometers having high resolution and high accuracy. An exemplary potentiometer has a first main terminal, a second main terminal, a wiper terminal, and a resistor stack having a plurality M of resistors coupled in series to one another at a plurality of M−1 internal nodes. Each of the resistors in the stack has substantially the same value of RS ohms. The potentiometer further has a first variable resistance network coupled between one end of the resistor stack and the potentiometer's first main terminal, and a second variable resistance network coupled between the other end of the resistor stack and the potentiometer's second main terminal. The first variable resistance network has a variable resistance value R1 which varies between zero ohms and RP ohms. The second variable resistance network has a variable resistance value R2 which is maintained substantially at value of (RP−R1).

Abstract: An impedance-to-voltage converter utilizes an operational amplifier to convert an impedance into a voltage without suffering from the influence of stray capacitances. The impedance-to-voltage converter is formed of an operational amplifier which has an imaginary short-circuit state between an inverting input and a non-inverting input thereof when an impedance element is connected between an output and the inverting input, a shielding line for shielding a line for connecting the impedance element to the inverting input, an AC signal generator connected to the non-inverting input, and a shielding line for shielding the signal line. The shielding lines are connected to the non-inverting input.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sputtering power supply apparatus which realizes stable sputtering at a pressure lower than the discharge start pressure, so that scattering of sputtering particles due to collision with sputtering inert gas can be reduced, thereby improving the step coverage and the denseness of the sputter film. According to the present invention, there is provided a sputtering power supply apparatus comprising a sputtering DC power source (A), a constant current circuit (B) connected to the DC power source, a sputtering source (21) connected to the constant current circuit (B), and a control unit (11) for controlling a current output from the constant current circuit (B) so as to be a constant current.

Abstract: There is provided an electronic inductance circuit having a transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a capacitor and a first current source. The main current path of the transistor and the first resistor are connected in series to form a first serial circuit between an input terminal and an output terminal. The second resistor and the capacitor are connected in series to form a second serial circuit between the input and output terminals, thus forming a parallel circuit of the first and second serial circuits. The connection point between the second resistor and the capacitor is coupled to the control terminal of the transistor. The connection point is connected to the first current source for determining the operating point of the transistor.

Abstract: A load emulator provides a high current load having a specified high slew rate to replicate the load and transient currents generated by advanced high speed microprocessors. The load emulator is implemented in the form of an L-C delay line having taps between separate load stages wherein each of the load stages provides a load which forms a portion of the total load in the load emulator. The load emulator, can achieve and exceed a current slew rate of 1 ampere per nanosecond, and can achieve and exceed a load current of 50 amperes.

Abstract: In a multi-valued voltage generating circuit including a voltage divider connected between first and second nodes and formed by a series of resistors, and an output circuit, connected to the first and second nodes and nodes of the resistors, for selecting one of voltages at the first and second nodes and the nodes of said resistors and generating the one of voltages at an output terminal, first and second control voltage circuits are connected to the first and second nodes to control an output voltage at the output terminal to compensate for fluctuations of the threshold voltages of MOS transistors of the output circuit. Also, first and second current control circuits are connected to the first and second nodes, to control currents flowing through the series of resistors to control a difference in potential between the first and second nodes at a certain value and to compensate for the fluctuation of the resistance.

Abstract: A battery temperature compensation circuit for a DC/DC converter which is used to charge an auxiliary battery for an electric vehicle and including, among other things, a voltage sensitive resistance, such as a thermistor, coupled to a clamped voltage divider network which generates a resistance vs. temperature characteristic so as to control the DC/DC converter and provide an output voltage for charging the auxiliary battery which matches the voltage vs. temperature profile of the battery.

Abstract: A sensor probe and sensor detection circuit used in an electronic temperature control circuit for preventing the control circuit from driving an external device such as a heater when the sensor probe has been disconnected from the control circuit. The sensor probe includes an NTC thermistor and a limiting resistor that are connected in parallel and potted in epoxy. The thermistor and limiting resistor of the sensor probe form part of a lower leg of a voltage divider in the control circuit. The sensor detection circuit compares the voltage signal generated by the sensor voltage divider to a predetermined threshold or ceiling voltage value. During normal operation, when the sensor probe is attached to the control circuit, the resistance of the sensor probe insures that the voltage signal from the sensor voltage divider remains within a predetermined voltage range and does not exceed the predetermined ceiling voltage value.

Abstract: Integrated voltage divider comprising partial resistors (R1 ,R2) formed of paths of polycrystalline semiconductor material applied over a dielectric layer (4) on a semiconductor substrate (5). Under the paths, each forming a partial resistor (R1,R2) in the semiconductor substrate (5), a well (6 and 7 respectively) is formed having a conductivity type opposite to the conductivity type of the semiconductor substrate (5). The total surfaces of the paths forming the partial resistors (R1,R2) are dimensioned so that their ratio equals the inverse ratio of the resistor values of the two partial resistors (R1 ,R2).

Abstract: A battery pack (10) includes a circuit (14) for assuring that a device (16) connected to the battery pack performs in a manner consistent with design requirements, while not exceeding certain thresholds for safety in volatile environments. The battery pack (10) includes a circuit (14) which matches performance requirements with the overall temperature likely to be generated by the device (16).

Abstract: In an inductive debris monitor (IDM) an inductive probe is disposed at a fluid flow passageway to be monitored, and an RF bridge containing a variable resistance network is used to detect changes in the impedance of the probe due to the passage of metallic debris. An indirectly heated thermistor is utilized in the resistance network for balancing the bridge. Thus the operating temperature range is significantly extended without compromising reliability or experiencing degradation.

Abstract: A voltage regulating circuit for automotive vehicles includes: a supply voltage; a load; and a Positive Temperature Coefficient ("PTC") resistance element connected in series between the supply voltage and the load, for regulating voltage applied from the supply voltage to the load creating by a voltage drop across the PTC element. The PTC element includes a PTC element body substance; electrode plates provided on both side surfaces of the PTC element body substance; connection terminals provided for the respective electrode plates; and a return portion provided for at least one of the electrode plates or the connection terminals, for adjusting resistance of the element.

Abstract: A resistor circuit includes a pair of linear conductive films and a resistive film. The resistive film is formed on an area between the conductive films and electrically connected to the conductive films. A pair of terminals are electrically connected to portions of the conductive films respectively. A current source is electrically connected between the terminals to deliver an electrical current thereto. A pair of voltage output terminals are electrically connected to portions of the conductive films respectively. At least one of the voltage output terminals is disposed at a portion of the conductive films other than a portion at which the terminals are formed. An output voltage from the voltage output terminals is exactly proportional to a current flowing between them independent of changes in an ambient temperature. The circuit may be implemented in an integrated circuit environment using, e.g., multiple thin film resistors.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes a heater; temperature detector for detecting a temperature of the heater; electric power supply controller for controlling electric power supply to the heater during image heating, so that the temperature detector detects a predetermined set temperature; and a temperature determining device for determining the set temperature on the basis of a change of the temperature detected by the temperature detector when electric power supply to the heater is stopped.

Abstract: A system and method minimizing switching errors in voltages delivered to a resistive load. Switch impedances can be significant when small resistor values are utilized. A system relies on varying the resistance in the switches to compensate for the output voltage errors. The selection of a particular CMOS input transmission gate depends upon which outputs of a resistor divider are selected. In concept, a system is created which replaces each input transmission gate with a resistor and a zero impedance switch. The combination of properly selected CMOS input transmission gates results in output offset voltage errors which are greatly reduced due to the matching impedances of the individual switches.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling the temperature of a system by sensing a temperature is disclosed.

Abstract: An integrated current generator circuit operates in conjunction with a known reference voltage and internal and external reference resistances. The current generator circuit includes three operational modes. In the first operational mode, the reference voltage is impressed upon the internal reference resistance to generate one or more relatively inaccurate output currents. In a second operational mode, the reference voltage is impressed upon an external reference resistance to generate one or more highly accurate output currents, even if an internal ESD resistor is used, or if the bonding pad has high series parasitic resistance. An alternative voltage sensing path is included to ensure the accuracy of the reference current. In a third operational mode, the reference voltage is again impressed upon the internal resistance, with the corresponding node voltage being connected to an external integrated circuit bonding pad.

Abstract: A fixing temperature controller comprising a heater for heating a fixing roller, a measuring circuit for detecting the fixing temperature of the fixing roller to produce detected temperature data, a first register for storing reference data for designating a fixing temperature for the fixing roller, a control circuit for comparing the reference data with the detected temperature data from the measuring circuit, and selectively activating the heater based on the comparison result. Particularly, the controller further comprises a second register for storing second reference data lower than the first reference data, and a selector for selecting one of the first and second reference data. The selector selects the first reference data and the control circuit activates the heater when it is detected that the detected temperature data<the reference data, and the selector selects the second reference data and the control circuit deactivates the heater when it is detected that the detected temperature.gtoreq.

Abstract: A resistor circuit which includes a pair of linear conductive films and a resistive film. The resistive film is formed on an area between the conductive films and electrically connected to the conductive films. A pair of terminals are electrically connected to portions of the conductive films respectively. A current source is electrically connected between the terminals to flow an electric current between the terminals. A pair of voltage output terminals are electrically connected to portions of the conductive films respectively. At least one of the voltage output terminals is disposed at a position other than a position in which the terminals are formed. An output voltage output from the voltage output terminals is exactly proportional to a current flowing between them without an influence of change of an ambient temperature.

Abstract: A pair of temperature detection devices having different heat time constants and an active device having a predetermined bias are connected in series. The bias is set so as to cause the active device to operate in a saturated region if the temperature is higher than a dangerous level, and to operate in a triode region if the temperature is lower than the dangerous level. The temperature detection devices are chosen so as to cause the voltage generated at the junction of the temperature detection devices to be higher than a predetermined reference voltage if the temperature has been raised to the dangerous level when the temperature is raised slowly, or if the temperature is raised rapidly, even if the temperature is lower than the dangerous level. A constant temperature function and a differential function are generated to detect that a fire has taken place.

Abstract: A dynamic braking system resistor for stabilizing a power system during power system disturbances includes a braking resistor for coupling with a power system bus. A controller monitors a power system parameter, such as the speed of a generator coupled with the power system bus, and determine therefrom a thyristor control signal. The controller uses the power system parameter to establish a desired modulation and then provides a bias to the desired modulation. The controller conditions the biased desired modulation signal to provide the thyristor control signal. A thyristor valve responsive to the thyristor control signal couples the braking resistor with a ground potential. A method is also provided of damping subsequent oscillations on a power system following a power system disturbance using the dynamic braking resistor.

Abstract: An electrical control system for an electrically heated window in a motor vehicle has a voltage source including a generator, a voltage regulator for regulating a generator output voltage, a transformer switched between the generator and a heating window, the generator output voltage being increased before supplying to the heatable window, and a unit for measuring a temperature of the transformer and interrupting a communication between the transformer and the voltage source in the event of exceeding an adjustable limiting temperature.

Abstract: A double-.pi. network includes a pair of series resistors connected between input and output terminals. A plurality of FETs of different widths and/or in series with resistors, are each connected in parallel with one of the series resistors. Each FET is controlled jointly with an FET of the same gate size associated with the other series resistor, so that select ones of the FETs, or none may be conducting in parallel with the series in-line resistances. Another plurality of intermediate FETs having gates with different widths, are connected in parallel and separately controllable for coupling selectively the junction between the two in-line resistors to ground. Finally, an additional plurality of pairs of FETs couple the input and output terminals to ground. The FETs making up each pair have gates with the same width and are jointly controllable. The FETs in the different pairs have different widths and/or are in series with different sized resistors.

Abstract: An improved input ranging divider and method for an analog to digital converter in which a floating common input line to the A to D comparator is coupled through an R/2R resistive input ladder. A constant reference voltage is applied to the other comparator input. By applying an input voltage to a certain input terminal or terminals of the input ranging divider, while the remaining terminals are either grounded or left floating, a wide range of diverse operating ranges may be made available to an A to D converter while utilizing only a small overall number of inputs.

Abstract: A temperature sensitive control circuit for an electrically heated rotatable drum (11) including an internally disposed electric heater (27) and an electric temperature sensor (28) and, outside of the drum, an electric supply (30) for heating the heater and a D.C. supply (31) for producing a constant electric current through the sensor, wherein the electric connections with the drum occur through two sliding contacts (89, 90) only and a diode (29) bypasses the voltage of the heating supply around the temperature sensor. The heater current supply and the sensor current supply operate alternatively and the sensor measures drum temperature while the heater current is interrupted.

Abstract: A circuit resistance adjusting device for producing a combined resistance consisting of a plurality of resistances which are selectively connected by a switching member. The switching member includes a plurality of switching elements and fuses which are respectively connected with the resistances, wherein when a hold signal is applied to the switching member, the fuses are adapted be fused off. A patterning member sequentially generates a predetermined pattern signal to the switching member on a step-by-step basis when a signal is applied to the patterning member, so that the resistances are respectively connected sequentially. Thus, upon the application of the hold signal, the patterning member is held to generate a pattern signal and the connection of the resistances is fixed by the fused-off of the fuses.

Abstract: A constant voltage generator includes a resistance adjustable resistor having a series connection of a main resistor and sub-resistors, a circuit cooperating with the series connection to produce a constant voltage, a plural number of transistors having a collector-emitter path connected to corresponding one of the sub-resistors, and a plural number of semiconductor memories applying voltages to bases of the transistors, respectively, in accordance with stored information, whereby the resistance of the resistance adjustable resistor is adjusted by the stored information to control the output constant voltage.

Abstract: A voltage reference supply circuit is described that provides temperature compensation over a wide range of temperatures. The circuit includes a plurality of thermistor temperature dependent elements and these thermistor elements are utilized to compensate for the variation in the reference potential voltage of the Zener diode. The compensation is provided by determining the output voltage as a function of the circuit parameters and by varying pre-established resistive values in known ranges until the variations in the output voltage with temperature have been reduced below a predetermined value over the entire prescribed temperature range. Using this procedure, a variation in output voltage over the temperature range of -55.degree. C. to +125.degree. C. can be held within 50 parts per million.

Abstract: A power supply is provided with a predetermined nonlinear temperature coefficient for float charging sealed lead-acid batteries and providing power to a load. A temperature compensation network in the power supply provides the predetermined nonlinear temperature coefficient by using a linear temperature coefficient element (forward biased silicon diode) and a nonlinear temperature coefficient element (thermistor) in combination. Additionally, an over-voltage protection circuit, to disable the power supply should the output voltage exceed a predetermined value, is disclosed having a second temperature compensation network to compensate for the output voltage variation with temperature of the power supply.

Abstract: A display temperature compensator employs the non linear temperature coefficient of resistance of a thermistor to non linearly vary the control voltages fed to a liquid crystal display. At low temperature, substantially the entire supply voltage is available to control the liquid crystal display segments. At higher temperatures, the thermistor contracts the range of control voltages fed to the display in order that non-selected display segments remain off. A thermistor is used which has a non linear temperature coefficient of resistance which, when combined with selected fixed resistance value, substantially compensates for the non linear threshold voltage of the liquid display.

Abstract: A light bulb protection arrangement including a lamp, a socket, and a junction socket having a base portion and a socket portion so as to attach the light bulb to the socket. The junction socket includes a connecting terminal, a first terminal to be connected to the central electrode of the socket, a second terminal to be connected to the central electrode of the light bulb, and a negative temperature coefficient thermistor connected between the first terminal and the second terminal.

Abstract: A protection circuit for an electronic AC/DC instrument employs an input resistor connected across the DC input terminals of the instrument in series with the inner terminal of a coaxial cable connected to a resistance input probe, the inner cable being connected to the AC input terminals by means of a capacitor.

Abstract: A linear inductive transducer includes a non-magnetic former which has a bore in which is slidable a core formed from magnetic material. The core in use is moved axially within the former by the component whose axial position it is required to sense. The former has three circumferential grooves in which are located coils connected together to form the transducer winding the inductance of which varies with the axial position of the core. The widths of the coils and the number of turns in each coil varies so as to produce a substantially linear variation of inductance as the core is moved. A temperature responsive resistor is mounted in close proximity to the winding and is connected in a resistance network which includes the winding. The inductance of the winding is checked by applying a step voltage to the resistance network and monitoring the change of current in a part of the network.

Abstract: An active voltage divider providing output voltage overload protection operably effective in the event failure of the primary resistor should occur. Comprising the divider circuit is a differential amplifier operable as an integrator, a first pair of grounded diodes providing primary over-voltage protection for a first summing junction of the amplifier and a second pair of grounded diodes providing voltage backup protection for a second summing junction of the amplifier.

Abstract: An RTD probe interface having a three-wire interconnection with a source excitation line, a source return line, and a sensed signal line, includes: an excitation signal source connected between the source excitation line and the source return line for providing an excitation current signal through the RTD; an amplifier having first and second signal inputs connected respectively to the source excitation line and the sensed signal line, for providing an output voltage signal at a magnitude proportional to the difference magnitude between the voltage signals present at the first and second amplifier inputs, and a bias signal source connected between the sensed signal line and the source return line for presenting a bias current signal to the sensed line, at a magnitude and phase equal to that of the excitation current signal, for providing equal line impedance dependent values in the voltage signals appearing at the first and second inputs of the amplifier.