Abstract: A system for delivering power to a battery and to a load includes a power source that supplies energy to the battery and the load. The battery can be charged by the power source and used to supply energy or power to the load when the power source is unable to provide sufficient energy and power to the load. The system reduces injection of DC current into the load and, as a result, extends the operation life of the load, particularly if the load is an AC lighting or lamp system. The system operates the load in an optimal manner such that battery storage is maintained at near full charge, yet the lighting load operates for a maximum number of hours per night. The benefit of the system is to prevent early failure of either the lighting load or the battery.

Abstract: A pole incorporating solar cells has a lighting device or like electric device attached thereto, and a required number of solar cell modules arranged approximately vertically on at least one portion of peripheral wall of the main body of the pole. The arrangement of solar cell modules has the function of generating the electric energy to be consumed by the electric device for one day, utilizing solar radiation afforded by at least scattered sunlight selected from scattered sunlight or direct sunlight. A storage device is provided in the pole main body and has a capacity to accumulate therein the electric energy to be consumed by the electric device for one day, and is repeatedly charged and discharged every day.

Abstract: Apparatus and attendant methodology for extracting maximum power from an energy source, such as a photo voltaic panel, an array of photo voltaic panels, or a windmill and delivering that power to a battery or an array of batteries is disclosed. The apparatus determines the maximum operating point of the energy source, and circuits and circuit topologies are presented for extracting the energy. The apparatus eliminates the problem of finding local maximum points, and problems attendant variations of the absolute maximum power point as a function of temperature, insolation, array construction, and photo voltaic panel manufacturing tolerances. The energy source supplies power in the form of a voltage and charges the batteries with a controllable current source.

Abstract: A spacecraft power system having an increased number of battery cells that is charged to the battery's full capacity, which exceeds a predetermined maximum voltage allowed by a bus. The battery can be disconnected from the bus during charging. The battery is then partially discharged to accommodate the bus before being reconnected. This provides a reduced voltage range experienced by the bus, as the minimum battery voltage is increased by the increased number of cells. A tap is provided to supply the bus with power when the battery is disconnected from the bus, and when a solar array powering the bus fails to supply current to the bus.

Abstract: A display device comprising a photovoltaic (PV) panel adapted to simultaneously produce electrically needed to operate a display and form either the background or foreground of the said display. The PV panel comprises large continuous sheets of PV material provided with one or more openings. Either light for the display or the display mechanism itself pass through the openings in PV material. The device may include a computer or electrical circuit which will activate the display device responsive to temperature, moisture, light conditions or to a remote signal such as a pager.

Abstract: A solar power supply system for providing alternating current for energizing an alternating current appliance from energy derived from solar power. The solar power supply system includes a plurality of photovoltaic cells electrically connected to a battery and a power inverter for converting direct current into alternating current. The power inverter is electrically connected to at least one electrical receptacle to supply alternating current to the electrical receptacle. A second alternating current supply is also electrically connected to the electrical receptacle. A switch electrically connects the power inverter to the electrical receptacle in a first mode and electrically connecting the second alternating current supply to the electrical receptacle in a second mode. A voltage comparator is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cells to compare a predetermined reference voltage to the direct current supply by the photovoltaic cells. The voltage comparator is also electrically connected to the switch.

Abstract: The circuit rapidly connects and disconnects solar cells to a battery to be charged. As a result of this operation, a "force charge" is applied to the battery even when low radiation is incident on the solar cells, resulting in increased efficiency of a solar power generation system including the solar cells. For example, using the circuit according to the present invention, solar cells only have to provide one and a half times the power of the battery instead of three times the power, as with conventional solar power generation systems.

Abstract: In order to obtain a solar power generating device capable of effectively using power generated by a solar cell, the virtual optimum operating voltage, the MPPT minimum voltage, the MPPT maximum voltage, and the low and high voltage change width switching voltages used when MPPT control is carried out are calculated on the basis of the output voltage of a solar panel immediately before the startup of the inverter circuit in the solar power generating device and the MPPT control is carried out on the basis of each of the calculated voltage values.

Abstract: A load controller and method are provided for maximizing effective capacity of a non-controllable, renewable power supply coupled to a variable electrical load also coupled to a conventional power grid. Effective capacity is enhanced by monitoring power output of the renewable supply and loading, and comparing the loading against the power output and a load adjustment threshold determined from an expected peak loading. A value for a load adjustment parameter is calculated by subtracting the renewable supply output and the load adjustment parameter from the current load. This value is then employed to control the variable load in an amount proportional to the value of the load control parameter when the parameter is within a predefined range. By so controlling the load, the effective capacity of the non-controllable, renewable power supply is increased without any attempt at operational feedback control of the renewable supply.

Abstract: To provide a cheap inverter which uses a single digital microprocessor and can execute a current control and a maximum power control without changing a design of a hardware even for any switching device or solar cell, there is provided a control apparatus of an inverter for converting a DC electric power into an AC electric power by using a switching device, wherein the control apparatus is constructed by an inversion discrimination circuit for receiving an output current or an output voltage and a reference signal and for discriminating whether a switching state of the switching device should be inverted or not and a gate pulse signal forming unit for changing the switching state of the switching device in response to an inversion request signal which is outputted from the inversion discrimination circuit. The gate pulse signal forming unit has a CPU for forming a gate pulse signal by an interrupting process by using the inversion request signal as an interruption control signal.

Abstract: In order to prevent a device serving as a load from being destroyed or causing an operation error while assuring an optimum operation voltage of a solar cell, and to stably, efficiently obtain power, a DC source system, in which a solar cell (1) and a DC source (3) are connected to an output terminal connected to a load (2) in parallel with each other, includes a first switch (5) arranged between the load (2) and the solar cell (1), a second switch 7 arranged between the load (2) and the DC source, and a capacitor (6) arranged between the load and the first switch in parallel with the solar cell.

Abstract: In order to provide an inverter apparatus and a solar power generation apparatus in which when a main AC power system (5) has suffered, e.g., a power failure, the operation mode of an inverter (2) in the tie operation with the main AC power system (5) can be easily and safely switched from the tie operation mode to the self-support operation mode, and electric power can be supplied to a load (4) directly using normal indoor wiring, the open/closed state of a switch (3) for opening/closing a connection between the output terminal of the inverter (2) and the main AC power system (5) is detected, and the self-support operation of the inverter (2) is started when the open state of the switch (3) is detected.

Abstract: A system interconnection generator comprising a power converting unit for converting solar energy into AC power by using a voltage chopping waveform, the ON duty of which is adjusted, thereby to supply the converted AC power to the system for a commercial AC power source. The distortion of the current waveform of the AC power supplied from the system interconnection generator to the system is detected to correct the ON duty of the chopping section after 360 degrees of the chopping section, in accordance with the distortion which has been detected.

Abstract: A solar cell power source device is disclosed which optimizes the power output of the solar cell by detecting a maximum power point of the solar cell and controlling the duty cycle of a switching transistor in a switching power converter such that the output current of the solar cell follows the maximum power point. Also shown is a pulse width modulation controller which multiplies the output voltage of the solar cell by the output current of the solar cell to obtain a power detecting signal, samples the power detecting signal during two different sample periods to determine if the power output is decreasing, and modulating the pulses output to the switching transistor of the switching power converter in order to maintain the power output of the solar cell at the maximum power point.

Abstract: A system for controlling power supplied by a solar array panel to one of either a load or a battery for optimal power consumption is disclosed. The solar array power control system of the present invention includes a power stage for directing the solar array to discharge an appropriate amount of current, a signal conditioner for receiving and conditioning voltage and current signals from the solar array and determining the signs of the time derivatives of solar array voltage and power, a processor for evaluating the signs of the time derivatives of solar array power voltage and for directing operation of either a battery current control mode or a peak power tracking mode and a high gain amplifier for directing an appropriate voltage to the power stage according to the operating mode. The signal conditioner, processor and high gain amplifier cooperate to determine whether the solar array is capable of supplying the power demanded by at least one of the battery and the load.

Abstract: A sun tracking system and method for tracking the position of the sun. The sun tracking system includes an on-board computer for controlling each device; a solar array driving unit for rotating a solar array and for transmitting an array angle to the on-board computer; an array tilt mechanism for adjusting a tilt of the solar array and for transmitting an tilt angle to the on-board computer; the solar array connected to the solar array driving unit and to the array tilt mechanism, for supplying a current and a voltage to a peak power tracker; and the peak power tracker for supplying a power generated from the solar array to each part of a satellite and for supplying a peak power to the on-board computer.

Abstract: An air conditioner equipped with a solar generator is disclosed. The solar generator is capable of converting the DC power generated by a solar cell into the AC power whose voltage and frequency correspond to that of the commercial power source. The electrical power generated by the solar cell and the electrical power consumed by the air conditioner are monitored and may be displayed. The DC power generated by the solar cell is used directly by the air conditioner or used indirectly as the commercial power source by merging the converted AC power to the commercial power source. Further, the converted AC power may be selectively merged to the commercial power source depending on the various states of the air conditioner, and the air conditioning operations may be regulated depending on the electrical power generated by the solar cell.

Abstract: A fully regulated multiple source power bus subsystem for a satellite having at least a solar panel array and a battery providing unregulated sources of electrical power. The battery and solar panel array are connected to one or more multiple source bus regulators to produce a fully regulated bus output at one or more preselected voltages. Each multiple source bus regulator automatically switches between the battery and solar panel array and may produce either a positive or a negative bus voltage. A battery charge controller controls the charging of the battery when the output voltage of the solar panel array is greater than the output voltage of the battery.

Abstract: A voltage control apparatus which is robust against disturbances such as variations in solar radiation amount around a solar cell, and has quick response, has a voltage detection unit (4) for detecting the voltage value of a battery power supply (1), a power conversion unit (2) for performing predetermined conversion of electric power supplied from the battery power supply, and supplying the converted electric power to a load or a commercial AC system (3), an output setting unit (5) for setting the output value of the power conversion unit on the basis of the voltage detection value, and a control unit (6) for controlling the power conversion unit on the basis of the output setting value. The output setting unit is constituted by a target voltage setting unit (51) for setting the target voltage value of the battery power supply, and an output calculation unit (52) for calculating the output setting value on the basis of the deviation between the voltage detection value and the target voltage value.

Abstract: A medium frequency transformer and electronic switches operate together to transfer electric power with variable voltage characteristics to a utility for co-generation purposes. Electric power with variable voltage, such as produced by a wind generator, is converted to variable voltage dc electric power. An inverter converts the variable voltage dc power to ac electric power of medium frequency and then matches the voltage of a utility power grid by using a medium frequency power transformer before injecting the power into that utility power grid. The amount of electric power that is transferred may be controlled, such that an input power source is allowed to operate at its optimum power output.

Abstract: An air conditioner equipped with a solar generator is disclosed. The solar generator is capable of converting the DC power generated by a solar cell into the AC power whose voltage and frequency correspond to that of the commercial power source. The electrical power generated by the solar cell and the electrical power consumed by the air conditioner are monitored and may be displayed. The DC power generated by the solar cell is used directly by the air conditioner or used indirectly as the commercial power source by merging the converted AC power to the commercial power source. Further, the converted AC power may be selectively merged to the commercial power source depending on the various states of the air conditioner, and the air conditioning operations may be regulated depending on the electrical power generated by the solar cell.

Abstract: Power supplied from a battery power supply to a load through a power conversion unit is maximized with a relatively simple arrangement and a small processing load. In addition, an output command value for controlling the power conversion unit is detected, a set voltage for which the output command value is maximized is calculated with reference to a past or present set voltage, as needed, and set as the next set voltage such that the maximum output is supplied to the load without any erroneous operation in the case of variation in solar radiation. In this case, a plurality of voltages are sequentially set for a relatively short period. Output command values for the respective set voltages are fetched while setting the same voltage at the start and end of the operation. A variation in output command value caused by the fetching difference for the same set voltage is detected. The output command value for calculating the next set voltage is corrected in accordance with this variation.

Abstract: A DC-to-DC converter suitable for use in light-powered electronic systems. The DC electrical output from a solar cell is stepped-up in a chopper-type inverter that is driven by a gated oscillator. The output from the inverter is then rectified and is adapted to be applied to a load through a series connected switch whose on/off state is determined by the output from a voltage regulator. Connected between the rectifier and the series switch are energy storage capacitors which become charged when the series switch is open and which provide energy to the load when the series switch is closed. Feedback from the regulator circuitry controls the on/off state of the gated oscillator and, therefore, the energy delivered by the inverter. Further circuitry is provided for signaling a light transmitting device that the fiber-optic link delivering energy to the photo cell is intact.

Abstract: In the described embodiments, a spacecraft is powered by paralleled solar panels, which supply power to a load. The panels are ORed together, and each is controlled by a switched shunt, which provides coarse control of the load voltage. A control loop senses the load voltage, and logic selects those shunts which are conductive at any particular time in a manner which tends to maintain the load voltage constant. The control loop may undesirably become unstable because of gain changes caused by changes in solar panel insolation. A further controller adjusts the clock frequency at which the shunts are switched in a manner which tends to stabilize the loop. The further controller responds (a) to the current of one or more of the panels, (b) to the frequency of oscillations across the load, or (c) to both.

Abstract: In any steady-state optimization problem, the output being optimized could be a nonmonotonic function of the controlled variable. Often the output is dependent on the temperature, the load impedance, and other unknown and variable quantities. Thus, it is very useful to have an automatic tuning scheme that will take the system to the desired operating point using only input and output information. The present invention is a generalized tuning scheme that uses the correlation between changes in the input and corresponding changes in the output to tune the operating point. In general terms, the present invention utilizes a correlation function between the controlled variable and a perturbed waveform. When the system reaches the desired operating point, the correlation goes to zero and the system converges. This corresponds to the point at which the derivative of the output with respect to the input is zero. This tuning scheme is appropriate for any tuning problem which has a single maximum or minimum.

Abstract: This invention uses low levels of light energy as found within dwellings, or other enclosed but lit spaces, to power a device such as a smoke alarm in place of conventional replaceable batteries. Light incident upon a solar cell array (2) attached to a smoke alarm or other battery powered device is collected and converted to a voltage which is multiplied by the action of one or more DC-DC converter circuits (3, 4 and/or 5) to give rise to a resulting output voltage (6). This voltage is applied via resistor (7) and series device (8) to a rechargeable cell or cells (10) and is limited to a maximum voltage by zener diode (9). If desired, a DC-DC converter can be added at the output of the cell (10) in addition to or in place of the DC-DC converter connected to the solar cell. The converter or converters, the regulating circuits and the cell (10) are all housed in a container which is the same size and shape as a conventional dry cell.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement with a first string of solar cells which are connected together in series and a second string of solar cells which are connected together in series, the electric power generated by the solar cells being used to operate an ohmic or inductive load. In contrast to known circuits, in which series-connected strings of solar cells are connected in parallel and have roughly identical no-load voltages, it is provided according to the invention that the strings of series-connected solar cells generate different no-load voltages to adapt to the current/voltage characteristic of the load. Preferably, at least one reverse-current blocking diode is connected in series with the string which generates a lower no-load voltage than the other. The series connection with a lower no-load voltage can be selectively formed with solar cells of the same no-load voltage by a smaller number of solar cells, or with solar cells of different power by the same number of solar cells with a lower no-load voltage.

Abstract: A solar cell system for supplying electric energy from solar cells to loads. This solar cell system includes solar cells for converting light energy into electric energy, an electric double layer capacitor for storing the electric energy from the solar cells, and a discharge controller for causing the electric double layer capacitor to discharge electric energy to the loads intermittently in predetermined cycles while charging the electric double layer capacitor. A period of time for discharging is shorter than a period of time for charging, and a current discharged to the loads is larger than a charging current applied to the electric double layer capacitor.

Abstract: A pulse width of a pulse train signal used for PWM (pulse width modulation) control is monitored. When a variation of the pulse width substantially disappears within a specified time, it is determined that an operating point on an output characteristic curve of a photovoltaic array is located on the open-circuit voltage side of a maximum power point. When the variation of the pulse width does not disappear after the elapse of the specified time, it is determined that the operating point is located on the short-circuit current side of the maximum power point. Based on the determination result, the inverter control is performed such that the operating point follows the maximum power point.

Abstract: A full shunting BVL with current sense capability includes a pair of parallel connected switches that switch with the same duty cycle D/2 but 180 degrees out of phase to provide current from a power source through a coupled power inductor to a bus. A current transformer is provided with first and second windings connected in series with the pair of switches, respectively, and a third winding. The alternating conduction of current through the first and second windings produces a bidirectional voltage across the third sensor winding that automatically resets the current transformer's ferrite core during each cycle. As a result, the bidirectional voltage can be rectified to produce a current sense signal. The current sense signal is used to provide current-mode control to regulate the bus voltage and supply the demanded load current. The current sense signal can also be used to provide current limiting and current sharing, which allows multiple BVLs to be connected to the same solar array.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a customized storage, high voltage, photovoltaic power station, having at least one photovoltaic solar module and a customized storage device.

Abstract: A power control method and apparatus for extracting the maximum power from a battery power source are disclosed. Voltage signals and current signals are read while varying the operating point of a solar cell acting as the battery power source. The variation in the intensity of solar radiation that has occurred during a sampling time interval is estimated from a plurality of current signals, sampled at the same voltage, or, according to a plurality of power values, calculated from current signals and voltage signals. Based on the estimated variation in the intensity of solar radiation, the current signals or power signals are corrected. According to the corrected current signals or according to the corrected power values and the voltage values, the operating point is controlled so that the maximum output power is provided from the solar cell.

Abstract: A photovoltaic (PV) power system having distributed square wave current DC to AC inverters integral with strings of PV cells in a PV array. The PV array is arranged into four quadrants and phase-shifted and summed AC voltages from each quadrant are further summed in a 12-phase to 3-phase transformer to produce a sinusoidal 3-phase AC voltage with a total harmonic distortion of less than 5 percent.

Abstract: An electrical power conversion system that supplies the maximum available output power from a power source such as a solar array to a plurality of loads such as rechargeable batteries. The output power of the solar array peaks at an optimum current that is less than is maximum available output current. The system includes a controller and a plurality of dc-to-dc converters that charge the batteries. The controller monitors the solar array's output power and adjusts the battery charging by generating a current control signal that tracks a peak of the solar array's available output power and sets a current limit such that the combined current draw of the plurality of dc-to-dc converters is substantially equal to the solar array's optimum current at which it provides its maximum available power. The electrical power and control signals are transmitted from the power source and controller to the power converters on three bus bars, including a power bus, a control bus, and a common bus.

Abstract: A power control system for obtaining the maximum electric power from a battery power source. The system functions to vary an output voltage of the battery power source to obtain (m) power values from at least (m) voltage signals from a voltage detector and at least (m) current signals from a current detector which were sampled at desired intervals. A function is used which approximates the relations between the (m) voltage values and (m) power values. A voltage is calculated at which a power is set to a maximum value from the function and the (m) voltage and power values. The power is set at such a voltage into an output power set value and the output power of the battery power source is controlled.

Abstract: The object of the prevent invention is to provide a solar energy system of simple construction capable of utilizing the photovoltaic source always at a high efficiency without being affected by environmental changes or yearly declination of photovoltaic cell, etc.

Abstract: The invention is to a battery reclaimer, charger and maintainer circuit for removing current blocking deposits from plates of batteries utilizing liquid and jell electrolytes. The circuit includes an output circuit including at least one battery. A D.C. voltage source providing a D.C. voltage for charging said battery connected to said output circuit. An oscillator circuit for producing fast rise time voltage pulses is close coupled to an rf transformer, connecting the oscillator circuit to the output circuit in parallel with the D.C. voltage source. A rectifier circuit is connected between the transformer and the output circuit, the rectifier circuit including a two diode rectifying circuit for producing a full wave voltage output positive pulse having an RF content.

Abstract: A device for determining a state of electricity generation of a solar battery and an apparatus, such as a camera, including such a device are disclosed. The device comprises a first circuit for connecting different loads to the solar battery, and a second circuit for determining a state of electricity generation of the solar battery in accordance with a state of a load current of the solar battery relative to the different loads.

Abstract: A solar array maximum power point tracking system for regulating the power output of a solar array associated with a spacecraft. An on-board computer measures the bus voltage and current from the solar array and generates a power calculation of the solar array power output. The on-board computer applies a first reference signal to a remote error amplifier representative of an incremental change in the solar array power. Additionally, the solar array bus voltage is applied to the remote error amplifier such that the remote error amplifier senses the solar array bus voltage and generates an output voltage indicative of the change of the solar array power. The output voltage of the error amplifier is applied to a power processor unit. The output voltage from the remote error amplifier and the bus voltage are applied to a power stage within the power processor unit. The power stage generates an output current that is applied to an arcjet thruster.

Abstract: A battery power supply system permits inexpensive introduction of a transfer break system to a solar cell generation system and quick release of reverse charge phenomenon. The battery power supply system comprises a solar cell array (1), a DC-AC inverter (2), a break device (3) for a commercial power system, and wireless communication device (4) as control device for controlling the conduction and break of the break device based on the information derived through wireless communication.

Abstract: A circuit for converting solar energy into ac power for supplementary household power has a number of solar photovoltaic cells connected in parallel in groups, with the various groups connected in series (30), and a bridge arrangement of four switching devices (31, 32, 33, 34) each operated to pass current in one direction, with the series-connected groups of cells (30) connected between positive and negative bridge terminals (1, 2), and means for connecting the bridge arms (3, 4) across the primary coils of a transformer (312), with the secondary coils thereof connected to the switching devices to control the phase of passed current, the output at the bridge arms (3, 4) being connectable to the household ac.

Abstract: A compressor motor of an air conditioner is powered by A.C. power from an invertor. In a first mode of operation, the power comprises a combination of a commercial A.C. power source and a solar battery. In a second mode of operation, i.e., a cost-efficiency mode, the frequency of power supplied to the motor is varied to ensure that the motor is powered solely by power derived from the solar battery when such power is above a reference value.

Abstract: Apparatus for converting solar energy to thermal and electrical energy including a substantially unsealed enclosure, an array of photovoltaic cells for converting solar energy to electrical energy located within the enclosure, and a plurality of interconnected heat collecting tubes located within the enclosure and disposed on the same plane as the array of photovoltaic cells for converting solar energy to thermal energy in a fluid disposed within the heat collecting tubes.

Abstract: A dual discharge photovoltaic module responsive to high and low loads. The module includes a first plurality of series connected, high short circuit current cells, and a second plurality of series connected, low short circuit current cells connected in series with the first plurality. A diode is connected in parallel with the second plurality of cells such that current flow through the module when the module is under low load reverse biases the diode so that the module discharges at a low current. When the module is under high load, current flow through the module forward biases the diode and bypasses the second plurality of cells so that the module discharges at a high rate. The module is particularly useful for starting and running an electric motor.

Abstract: According to the present invention a bus voltage limiter is connected between a photovoltaic solar panel array and a load to limit the output voltage to a fixed dc reference voltage. The limiter includes a pulse width modulator which controls the duty cycle of a power switch from 0% to 100% to maintain a substantially constant output voltage V.sub.ref. A coupled inductor type boost DC to DC converter includes a pair of main windings which cooperate with the duty cycle modulated power switch to provide the output voltage. An auxiliary winding provides input ripple current cancellation in conjunction with a second inductor and a dc blocking capacitor.

Abstract: A compressor of a refrigeration cycle is normally driven by a commercial power source. During a power failure, the compressor is driven by an auxiliary solar power source, wherein the compressor is initially driven at a minimum frequency for a delay period and is thereafter driven at a higher frequency.

Abstract: In a solar photovoltaic power generation device comprising a plurality of power generation units (31-34) each of which comprises first through n-th generation elements, the first through the n-th generation elements are connected in parallel and have their polarity directed in the same direction. The plurality of power generation units are arranged so that adjacent power generation units have polarities which are opposite to each other. Each of the plurality of power generation units further comprises a plurality of switch elements, each of which has active and inactive states, for connecting the first through the n-th generation elements in series in the active state. The solar photovoltaic power generation device further comprises a power control unit (37) for controlling the plurality of switch elements for placing it into the active state in each of the plurality of power generation units.

Abstract: This electric power supply system includes an air conditioner serving as load, a solar photovoltaic cell for supplying power to the air conditioner, and a system power control circuit and further including a commercial power source for use in combination with the solar photovoltaic cell for supplying additional power when insufficient, power is supplied from the solar photovoltaic cell to the air conditioner. In an operation state of the air conditioner, the system power control circuit operates to regulate an operating point of the solar photovoltaic cell and variably regulate the supplied power from the solar photovoltaic cell while comparing required power of the air conditioner with the supplied power from the solar photovoltaic cell.

Abstract: A peak power tracker apparatus is used for controlling the negative impedance of converter for transferring maximum power from a solar array source to a battery and load typically used in space vehicles, by capacitive differentiation sensing the solar array source voltage for sensing the peak power point at which the source voltage first begins to become unstable and collapses, and then providing a step down control signal which controls a current mode pulse width modulator to control the converter to vary the negative impedance into the solar array then reserving back to a stable point at which the tracker then provide a linear ramp signal to the modulator to control the converter to drive the source voltage again to the peak power point, so as to alternate the feedback loop and source voltage between a stable point and the peak power point so as to transfer maximum power while preventing the source voltage to pass through an unstable point for discontinuous but stable operation at peak power transfer which

Abstract: An electrical power source, either AC or DC, lead acid battery rejuvenator and charger circuit switchable between rejuvenator and charger modes of operation. For the rejuvenator mode of operation a rejuvenator pulse signal generating circuit supplies voltage in the form of fast rise voltage pulses peaking at a voltage necessary to cause battery plate saturation that is 1:1 to 1:3 times the theoretical battery cell voltage. This is accomplished by use of very short duration pulses in the order of 5 micro seconds or less time width wise with extremely fast rise time in the order of 5 mega volts per second rise time with these pulses occurring in approximately the 2,000 to 10,000 times per second frequency range.