Abstract: A system includes a host device to provide a content signal, an end device to receive the content signal, and a branch of amplifiers connected between the host device and the end device to carry the content signal from the host device to the end device. The host device may receive a first signal from the branch of amplifiers connected to the end device, and extract, from the first signal, first characteristics of the content signal measured at one or more points in the branch of amplifiers. The host device may compare the first characteristics of the content signal to second characteristics. The host device may determine, based on the comparison, adjustments for one or more settings of a first amplifier of the amplifiers, and send a second signal to the branch of amplifiers to communicate the adjustments for the one or more settings to the first amplifier.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for measuring and calculating a current-voltage curve and a current mismatch between junctions of a tandem solar cell, including at least two solar subcells, the method being performed under simulated solar irradiance according to the international standard illumination AM1.5. The method implies the illumination by a first broad-spectral band light source S1 and includes steps for calculating the necessary light intensities of narrow-band second and the third light sources. The steps of the method achieve to determine adapted gains for second and the third light sources, so that the combination of the light sources S21 and S22 provide the same test results of the solar cell as when illuminated with the first light source S1 only. Also disclosed is a solar cell test apparatus configured to realize the method of the invention.

Abstract: A current detection device (100) includes a shunt resistor (1) connected in series to a path through which a current flows; a first circuit (2) that converts a voltage across the shunt resistor (1) into a predetermined differential voltage; a second circuit (3) to which the predetermined differential voltage is input from the first circuit (2) via a pair of wirings (55) and that amplifies the predetermined differential voltage; a constant current circuit (4) connected between the pair of wirings (55); and an arithmetic circuit (5) that operates the current flowing through the path based on the voltage amplified by the second circuit (3).

Abstract: A method to automatically audit the number of units within an enclosure having at least one door including receiving from a remote telemetry device data indicating the number of times within a predetermined period of time a door has been opened to a predetermined open position relative to the enclosure, the predetermined open position of the door being specifically calibrated by a sensor device being mechanically set when the sensor device is installed on the enclosure proximal to the door as a position of the door between a closed position and a more fully opened position beyond the predetermined open position, to generate a door opening count, the remote telemetry device includes a sensor configured to be adjustably calibrated to sense when the door is at the predetermined open position relative to the enclosure based upon the adjustable calibration, to generate the door opening count.

Abstract: A measurement system includes a source unit to provide a source signal to a sample and a voltage source and/or a current source and a memory. The system also includes a measurement unit configured to acquire from the sample an measurement signal that may be responsive to the source signal and a voltage measuring unit, a current measuring unit, and/or a capacitance measuring unit, and a memory. The system also includes a control unit including a digital signal processing unit; a source converter; a measurement converter. The system further includes a synchronization unit configured to synchronize clocks of the digital signal processing unit, the source converter, the measurement converter, the source unit, and the measurement unit; a calibration unit for calibrating aspects of the system including the control unit; and a reference voltage supply configured to supply a common reference voltage for the control unit.

Abstract: The present invention describes an automatic calibration method for a measuring circuit for example in an industrial automation or handling process, where only one person is needed to manage the entire procedure. The components are a calibrator (11) which the worker in the field has with him, which can be connected to the starting end of the measuring circuit in order to give an impulse. The quantity to be measured/calibrated has not been limited. The measurement result is seen at the end of the measuring circuit on a screen of the control room, i.e. DCS (13). Depending on the alternative embodiment, the measured numerical value can be steered either to a dedicated server (14) over an OPC connection, and onwards wirelessly or via Ethernet back to the calibrator (11). One alternative is to use a smart device (16) which the worker has, with suitable applications, to which the measured data can be sent over a network, and the data is also presentable in a user-friendly manner in such an application.

Abstract: A circuit for monitoring an output voltage of a hall sensor includes an input port electrically connected to a first hall-sensor output terminal; an output port to output a monitoring voltage; a holder electrically connected to the input port to save the voltage of the input port; a first buffer including a first output terminal and first input terminal having an input impedance higher than an output impedance, having a voltage corresponding to a voltage of the first output terminal, and electrically connected to the holder; a second buffer including a second output terminal and second input terminal having an input impedance higher than an output impedance, having a voltage corresponding to a voltage of the second output terminal, and electrically connected to the input port; and an amplifier producing the monitoring voltage by amplifying a difference in voltages between the first output terminal and the second output terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated circuit having a trim function for an embedded analog component or digital component. The integrated circuit includes a trim value generator configured to provide a varying trim value, a measurement target selected from a digital component and an analog component and configured to provide a measured value as a result of an internal operation corresponding to the trim value, a determination unit configured to determine the measured value based on a reference value received from the outside and to provide a trim control signal when the measured value corresponds to a preset target value, and a storage configured to store a current trim value as a measured result value in response to the trim control signal.

Abstract: A battery cell for a vehicle battery. A cell housing which encloses electrochemical substances of a galvanic cell arrangement in a hermetically sealed manner, and an acquisition device in the cell housing, which acquires status data of the battery cell in the cell housing, and/or a control device which switches at least one switching element in the cell housing as a function of control data. A wall of the cell housing has a window region in which a window material is arranged, which has a predetermined attenuation value for a predetermined radiation spectrum, and a communication device arranged in the cell housing is configured to transmit the status data from the window region out of the cell housing.

Abstract: The disclosed method corrects consumption measurements provided by meters presumed to be connected to a same network. The measurements taken by the meters at time intervals are collected in a form of samples used to determine electrical quantities in relation with currents and voltages relating to the meters. A selection of a group of retained samples among the samples considered to be valid, corresponding to a load range or a range of load variation ratio carried by the network based on the electrical quantities is performed. Correction functions of the consumption measurements are defined from the group of retained samples, and the consumption measurements are adapted according to the correction functions. An anomaly corresponding to an electrical non-compliance of a meter can be detected by the method.

Abstract: A method for calibrating an eddy current sensor for temperature. Both frequency and one of voltage and current of an oscillator driving the eddy current sensor are measured at a plurality of temperatures and a plurality of target surface distances. Temperature equations are regressed to fit the measured frequency and one of the voltage and the current for each temperature, where the temperature equations have a common number of equivalent factors, and factor equations are regressed for each of the equivalent factors. A gain adjustment and an offset adjustment pair for each of the plurality of temperatures is determined for an oscillator associated with the eddy current sensor, that compensates an output of the eddy current sensor to a standard temperature. A gain equation is regressed to fit the determined gain adjustments, and an offset equation is regressed to fit the determined offset adjustments.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for an electrical component to automatically provide a discharge of a rechargeable battery to a predetermined state of charge. The apparatus includes the electrical component determining a rechargeable battery is not connected to a device and discharging the rechargeable battery. The apparatus includes the electronic component determining whether a state of charge exceeds the predetermined state of charge in the rechargeable battery and responsive to determining that the state of charge exceeds the predetermined state of charge, continuing discharging the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A circuit for measuring an impedance of a device under test (DUT). The circuit includes: (i) circuitry for generating a stimulus wave at a stimulus frequency; (ii) an amplifier circuit coupled to the DUT to present a response signal from the DUT in response to the stimulus wave; (iii) switching circuitry for selectively coupling, between the stimulus wave and an input to the amplifier, either the DUT, a first calibration impedance, or a second calibration impedance. With the switching functionality, calibrations are performed so to provide a measure of impedance of the DUT in response to the plural calibrations.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus for calibrating at least one of a signal generator and a signal analyzer is described, wherein the calibration apparatus comprises an input terminal for establishing a connection with the signal generator, an output terminal for establishing a connection with the signal analyzer, a reference signal source for providing a reference signal, and a combiner circuit for combining signals received. The combiner circuit has a first input connected to the reference signal source and a second input assigned to the input terminal, the combiner circuit having an output assigned to the output terminal. Further, a calibration system and a method for calibrating at least one of a signal generator and a signal analyzer are described.

Abstract: A chip-type PM (Particulate Matter) sensor comprising a sensing unit installed in a cylindrical housing mounted on an exhaust pipe, the sensing unit having a sensing pattern for sensing particulate matters contained in exhaust gas, wherein the sensing unit may include a substrate formed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the housing, and the sensing pattern formed on a surface of the substrate, facing the exhaust pipe, and configured to sense the particulate matters.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a power regulator according to various aspects of the present invention may comprise a sensor adapted to generate a measurement of a voltage or a current. A memory may store a correction parameter that corresponds to the measurement, and a correction system may be adapted to adjust the measurement according to the correction parameter.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for data communication over a multi-wire, multi-phase interface are disclosed. A method of calibration includes configuring a 3-phase signal to include a high frequency component and a low frequency component during a calibration period, and transmitting a version of the 3-phase signal on each wire of a 3-wire interface. The version of the 3-phase signal transmitted on each wire is out-of-phase with the versions of the 3-phase signal transmitted on each of the other wires of the 3-wire interface. The 3-phase signal may be configured to enable a receiver to determine certain operating parameters of the 3-wire interface.

Abstract: An intelligent receptacle (or receptacle device) enables individually monitoring and/or controlling consumption of utility service by one or more loads through a supply outlet that is associated with the receptacle device. A client device may enable a user to remotely control a provision of the utility service from the supply outlet through the receptacle device. Furthermore, a utility metering device may include a virtual metering device instance that is configured to collect utility consumption data associated with the supply outlet from the receptacle device and help calibration or synchronization of utility consumption readings of the receptacle device.

Abstract: This system comprises a first device comprising a member for measuring voltage of a primary conductor, means for sampling the measured voltage, means for transmitting a first message, and means for determining a set of variable values representative of the voltage, based on the voltage measured during a given transmission period; at least one second device having a current sensor for determining intensity in a secondary conductor connected to the primary conductor, means for sampling the measured intensity; and a member for calculating said energy, including means for receiving the first message and being configured for calculating an energy during the given transmission period on the basis of said data set and intensity samples associated with the given transmission period. The determination means are configured for determining said data set based on a correction coefficient which depends on a value representative of the voltage only for each voltage period where said value is greater than a threshold.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flexible structure (6) comprising a strain gauge (7) that is elongate along a longitudinal axis X1, and intended to measure the deformation of the flexible structure in a direction X parallel to the axis X1, the strain-gauge support (71) being bonded to the flexible structure only via the lateral ends (75, 76) thereof. One particularly targeted application is the bonding of strain tool gauges to the packaging of a flexible lithium battery, such as an Li-ion battery.

Abstract: A new radar is disclosed possessing desirable attributes for close range, short event time, high data rate sensing and data collection applications. A Continuous Wave (CW) or very high Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) Pulse based waveform, nominally with very high duty cycle (i.e. highly range aliased), is amplified and transmitted from one antenna, and after reflection from targets of interest, is received by one or a plurality of receive antennas. Both transmit and receive are optimally synchronous and phase coherent. The received signals are down converted to baseband leaving only the Doppler frequency from the targets of interest. These Doppler frequencies change over Fast Time as a function of the specific target trajectory and speed. A bank of time dependent correlation filters, each tuned to a different trajectory hypothesis, are used to integrate up the Doppler Signal for targets traveling the hypothesized trajectory, and decorrelated those that are not.

Abstract: A detection apparatus with a self-test is presented. A detection apparatus such as a cable locator has an array of sensors in the form of ferrite antennas to detect an electromagnetic field produced by an object such as a buried cable. The signals are amplified, digitized and fed to a processing unit that outputs a detection signal to a display to indicate the detection of a cable. A programmable signal generator outputs a self-test signal via a voltage-current converter that is used to check the balance between the sensors. The self-test signal is directly coupled into each of the sensors through a wired connection and the processing unit uses the self-test signal to accurately determine the magnitude and phase balance of the sensors. The magnitude and phase data may be used to calibrate the instrument, apply data corrections or flag errors.

Abstract: A load transducer system is disclosed herein. The load transducer system includes a load transducer and a data processing device. The load transducer has a load transducer frame portion configured to elastically deform when a load is applied to the load transducer; and one or more deformation sensing elements, disposed on the load transducer frame portion, sensitive to one or more respective force or moment components of the load. The data processing device is operatively coupled to the one or more deformation sensing elements of the load transducer, the data processing device is configured to determine one or more output forces or moments from one or more respective output signals of the one or more deformation sensing elements, to determine one or more deformation compensation parameters for the load transducer system, and to correct the one or more output forces or moments using the one or more deformation compensation parameters.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to a system for correcting an error, which can correct the error of a measurement device and a transformer data unit through calibration using an emulator even if the measurement device and the transformer data unit are connected in a random combination. In some embodiments, the system for correcting an error includes a measurement device connected to a secondary output line of a transformer to measure current that is output from the transformer, a transformer data unit configured to determine a usage rate and an overload state through calculation of a load amount for a capacity of the transformer in accordance with the current that is measured by the measurement device, and an emulator connected to the measurement device and the transformer data unit to perform error correction between the measurement device and the transformer data unit through performing calibration at least once.

Abstract: A circuit includes a Wheatstone bridge and a correction circuit operable to correct an output voltage offset of the Wheatstone bridge. The correction circuit includes a supply module configured to supply the Wheatstone bridge with a voltage and output a first current applied to the Wheatstone bridge and output a second current proportional to the first current. A digital/analog current converter outputs a correction current to the outputs of the Wheatstone bridge circuit in response to a digital correction signal and the second current.

Abstract: Provided is an isolation interface for isolating, from a Class 1 power circuit, an electricity meter powered by a Class 2 power supply or battery that monitors the Class 1 power circuit. Also provided are, an electrical metering system utilizing the interface. The interface includes an enclosure containing at least one isolation interface circuit including an input for electrical connection to a sensor inductively coupled to the Class 1 power circuit, and an output for electrical connection to the electricity meter. A potential transformer having a primary electrically connected to the input and a secondary electrically connected to the output transforms a signal received from the sensor to an output signal for the electricity meter. The output is electrically isolated from the input, allowing manufacture of the electricity meter as a low voltage appliance with lower manufacturing costs, and protecting the electricity meter against a fault voltage transmitted by the sensor to the interface.

Abstract: A particulate matter (PM) sensor unit may include an exhaust line where exhaust gas passes, and a PM sensor that may be disposed at one side of the exhaust line and that generates a signal when particulate matter included in the exhaust gas passes the vicinity thereof, wherein the PM sensor may be an electrostatic induction type that generates an induction charge while the particulate matter having an electric charge passes the vicinity thereof.

Abstract: A successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) with high accuracy is disclosed. Within the SAR ADC, a SAR logic circuit combines the output signal of a comparator collected during at least two successive cycles of a plurality of cycles of a search scheme of digital representation of an analog input and, accordingly, makes a one-step control for a voltage difference between a positive and a negative input terminal of the comparator. At least three capacitor network switching choices for a capacitor network of the SAR ADC are provided by the one-step control. By the one-step control, a selection between the at least three capacitor network switching choices is made according to at least two comparison results of the comparator obtained during the at least two successive cycles. In this manner, comparator noise is utilized as an additional quantization level to improve the overall ADC noise performance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a contamination recording apparatus (12) for recording contaminations in a flowing hydraulic fluid (10) to be examined in aircraft (11a), which comprises a conveying device (14) for conveying the flowing hydraulic fluid (10), a light source (34) for exposing the hydraulic fluid (10) flowing in the conveying device (14) to light (46), and a detection device (36) for recording a fraction of the light (46) absorbed by the exposed hydraulic fluid (10), the light source (34) being formed in order to emit light (46) having a wavelength in the near-infrared range. The invention furthermore relates to a hydraulic system (11) equipped with such a contamination recording apparatus (12) and to an aircraft (11a), and also to a method for recording contaminations in a hydraulic fluid (10) flowing in a hydraulic system (11) of an aircraft (11a).

Abstract: A transformer for monitoring current in a power cable is magnetically linked with the power cable connected to the electrical device, where the transformer produces a changing transformer signal in response to the presence of a changing current within the power cable. An input circuit located proximate to the transformer and having an output terminal and being electrically connected to the transformer so as to receive the changing transformer signal. The input circuit produces, in response to receiving the changing transformer signal, one of a first signal representative of the changing current, and a first circuit condition at the output terminal of the input circuit representative of the changing current in the power cable. The input circuit includes an impedance set having an effective impedance that comprises a plurality of elements, wherein at least one of the elements is not electrically connected to the remaining the plurality of elements.

Abstract: A test and measurement system including a device under test, an accessory, a controller and a test and measurement instrument. The accessory is connected to the device under test and includes a signal input to receive an input signal from the device under test, a compensation unit configured to apply a compensation signal internal to the accessory, and a signal output to output an output signal read from the device under test. The controller is connected to the accessory and includes one or more receivers to receive the input signal and the output signal from the accessory, and a microcontroller or correction circuit configured to compare the input signal and the output signal and in response to the comparison provide a compensation signal to the compensation unit.

Abstract: A leakage current detection device includes a self-test pulse generating unit, for generating a pulsed triggering signal when the leakage current detection device is initially energized; a self-test unit, for periodically generating simulated leakage current signals, and generating a simulated leakage current signal based on the pulsed triggering signal; and a leakage current detection unit, for detecting the simulated leakage current and actual leakage current faults. An electrical connection device incorporating the leakage current detection device is also disclosed. By providing the self-test pulse generating unit, the self-test unit can be triggered immediately after the device is initially energized to perform a self test, which prevents faults and unsafe conditions before periodic self test starts. By providing a discharge unit, the leakage current detection device is prevented form performing self test under low voltage conditions and accidental tripping can be avoided.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital conversion circuit includes capacitors coupled to a common line. Each capacitor has a capacitance less than or equal to a capacitance sum of lower order capacitors. Switches selectively supply an analog input signal, a first reference voltage, or a second reference voltage to the capacitors in response to a control signal. A reset switch supplies the common line with a first voltage between the first and second reference voltages. A comparator compares the first voltage with a second voltage at the common line to generate a determination signal. A conversion control circuit generates the control signal and a multiple-bit digital signal based on the determination signal. A measurement control circuit measures the capacitance of the capacitor corresponding to an upper order bit of the digital signal using lower order capacitors. A correction circuit corrects the digital signal based on the measured capacitance to generate a digital output signal.

Abstract: A method of, and apparatus for, the processing analog data. The method includes the steps of: time encoding the analog data; setting weighting factors in an array of 1-bit DACs for processing the time encoded analog data; summing and filtering outputs of the array of 1-bit DACs; time encoding the filtered outputs of the outputs of the array of 1-bit DACs; and coupling the time encoded filtered outputs and analog input data into inputs of the array of 1-bit DACs.

Abstract: A switching device is controlled by a microprocessor to selectively configure the circuit between a current measurement mode and a calibration mode. When the switch is set to the “on” state, the circuit acts as a normal prior art circuit, with the output Vout being read by the microprocessor to determine the current to the load. However, when the switch is set to the “off” state, a small value resistor (which may be roughly three orders of magnitude greater than Rshunt) connects the inputs of the measuring circuit so that the circuit can generate an output Vout corresponding to the zero load current. By connecting the V+ and V? inputs together with a low resistance resistor, the no-load condition Vdiff=V+?V??0 applies. In this state, the no-load offset can be determined by measuring the output voltage of the circuit without turning off the load.

Abstract: A system for sensing electrical power usage in an electrical power infrastructure of a structure. The system can include a sensing device configured to be attached to a panel of the circuit breaker box overlying at least part of the one or more main electrical power supply lines. The system also can include a calibration device configured to be electrically coupled to the electrical power infrastructure of the structure. The system further can include one or more processing modules configured to receive one or more output signals from the sensing device. The sensing device can be devoid of being electrically or physically coupled to the one or more main electrical power supply lines or the electrical power infrastructure when the sensing device is attached to the panel. Other embodiments are provided.

Abstract: A voltage detection device controls operation of system main relays to change an applied voltage supplied to detection circuits. An error of each of the detection circuits is corrected on the basis of a detection value of each of the detection circuits when the applied voltage is changed. In particular, an offset value is corrected on the basis of a detection value of each of the detection circuits when the system main relays and booster switches are controlled so that a voltage of a high voltage battery supplied to each of the detection circuits becomes zero. A gain error is further corrected on the basis of a detection value of each of the detection circuits when the system main relays and the booster switches are controlled so that the applied voltage supplied to each of the detection circuits becomes equal to the voltage of the high voltage battery.

Abstract: A system and method of measuring real-time current is disclosed. The method includes calibrating a voltage measurement device. Calibrating includes measuring a real-time voltage difference between a first measurement node located proximate a first connector on a motherboard and a second measurement node located proximate a second connector on a power supply unit (PSU), the first and the second connectors coupled to provide power to the motherboard. Calibrating further includes averaging the real-time voltage difference for a plurality of measurements; computing a resistance of the coupling based at least on a long-duration averaged current from the PSU and the averaged real-time voltage difference, the resistance varying over time; and reporting the resistance of the coupling to the voltage measurement device. The method also includes measuring a real-time current of the PSU at the voltage measurement device based at least on the resistance of the coupling and the real-time voltage difference.

Abstract: A current sense resistor circuit may include a primary current sense resistor that drifts with age. A secondary current sense resistor may drift with age in substantial unison with the primary current sense resistor. A calibration resistor may not drift with age in substantial unison with the primary current sense resistor. A compensation circuit may compensate for aging drift in the resistance of the primary current sense resistor based on a comparison of the calibration resistor with the secondary current sense resistor. The secondary current sense resistor may be in parallel with the primary current sense resistor, except when the compensation circuit is comparing the calibration resistor with the secondary current sense resistor.

Abstract: A door closer with a teach mode is disclosed. The door closer that can be self powered and includes a control unit to intelligently control a valve within the door closer to vary the operating characteristics of the door closer as needed. The control unit includes a teach mode that can be invoked at installation time, or any other time, so that appropriate information can be stored in memory regarding an installation configuration, relative jamb position, swing (right or left handed) and other parameters. These values can be accessed by control circuitry in the controller for use in controlling the door closer during operation.

Abstract: A frequency detection circuit includes a filter, a power detector and a voltage comparator. The filter receives and filters a converted signal to generate a filtered signal. The power of the filtered signal relates to a frequency of the converted signal. The power detector generates a voltage according to the power of the filtered signal. The voltage comparator compares the voltage with multiple reference voltages to generate multiple comparison results. At least one of the inductance and capacitance of an LC tank in an amplifier is adjusted according to the comparison results.

Abstract: A calibration module for a tester, for testing a device under test, includes a pair of RF-channel terminals, a calibration device, a pair of measurement terminals and a mode selector. The pair of RF-channel terminals is configured to send or receive measurement signals to or from an RF-channel of the tester. The calibration device is configured to perform a calibration of the RF-channel based on the measurement signals sent to, or received from, the RF-channel. The pair of measurement terminals is configured to send or receive measurement signals to or from the device under test. The mode selector is configured to connect, in a calibration phase, the pair or RF-channel terminals to the calibration device for calibrating the RF-channel and to connect, in a measurement phase, the pair of RF-channel terminals to the pair of measurement terminals for routing measurement signals from the RF-channel to the device under test or vice versa.

Abstract: A system for accurate measurement and monitoring of AC or DC electrical current flowing through electrical conductors includes one or more current sensors, a receiver, and one or more calibration signal generators (“CSG's”) that can be plugged into outlets or otherwise coupled to the conductors so as to add automated, time-varying calibration signals to the conductors, such as current pulses or pulse patterns. The sensors are placed on a circuit breaker panel, around a cable, or otherwise near the conductors. The receiver distinguishes the calibration signals by their timing, pulse patterns, frequencies, or other time-varying features, uses their known amplitudes to calibrate the sensitivity of each sensor to each conductor, and determines the current flowing in each conductor. Among other applications, the invention can monitor building current usage, CO and data center power usage and distribution, and power line current leakage, and can calibrate invasive and/or non-invasive current sensors.

Abstract: A current calibration method and the associated control circuit are provided. The method includes: providing a predetermined voltage to the differential output for obtaining an accurate current passing through the panel resistor during a calibration procedure and, providing a driving current to the differential output according to the accurate current during a normal operation procedure.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) current sensor that self-calibrates to adjust its signal gain when employed in a current divider configuration is presented. The current sensor includes an integrated current conductor, a magnetic field transducer, a controllable gain stage and a calibration controller. The integrated current conductor is adapted to receive a portion of a calibration current. The calibration current corresponds to a full scale current. The magnetic field transducer, responsive to the calibration current portion, provides a magnetic field signal having a magnitude proportional to a magnetic field generated by the calibration current portion. The controllable gain stage is configured to amplify the magnetic field signal with an adjustable gain to provide an amplified magnetic field signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring a current or voltage output quantity of a switched-mode power supply circuit (H), referred to as a chopper circuit, of period T and of cyclic ratio ?, belonging to the interval ]0; 1[, such that, at each period, the supply current is non-zero during an “ON” phase of duration ?T, and zero during an “OFF” phase of duration (1??)T. The measurement method includes the following steps: measuring the value Gon of an image of the output quantity during an “ON” phase; measuring the value Goff of an image of the output quantity during an “OFF” phase; calculating the difference ?G=Gon?Goff; and using the difference ?G for evaluating the output quantity.

Abstract: A pulsed voltage bias method and/or pulsed light bias method may be used to reduce, minimize, and/or eliminate external quantum efficiency measurement artifacts of multi-junction solar cells, for example artifacts caused by the shunt effect. In this manner, multi-junction solar cells may be designed and constructed with improved performance, efficiency, and the like.

Abstract: In an electronic device and a method of correcting time-domain reflectometers, two channels of a time-domain reflectometer are connected to a corrector using cables, and the two channels are enabled to transmit pulses. Parameters Step Deskew and Channel Deskew of the two channels are zeroed. Resistance values of the two channels are measured simultaneously, and the value of the parameter Step Deskew of one of the two channels is adjusted according to the Resistance values of the two channels. Times of achieving the same resistance value of the two channels are measured after the cables and the connector have been disconnected, and the value of the parameter Channel Deskew of one of the two channels is adjusted according to the times of achieving the same resistance value. The adjusted values of the parameters Step Deskew and Channel Deskew are displayed through a display unit.

Abstract: A ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) device with self-test function includes: hot and neutral conducting circuits; an fault detection circuit responsive to a fault in the hot and neutral conducting circuits to generate a fault detection signal; a signal driving circuit responsive to the fault detection signal to generate a drive signal; a disconnecting mechanism for disconnecting electrical connections in the hot and the neutral conducting circuits when the drive signal exceeds a predetermined level; a self-test circuit for generating a self-test signal according to a predetermined time period and when an alternating current of the power source passes zero points, generating an evaluation result based on the self-test signal and a feedback signal of a fault detection signal corresponding to the self-test signal, and generating error signals if the evaluation result indicates a circuit error; and a device-state indicator circuit for generating alarms based on the error signals.

Abstract: A probe system for registering a differential input signal has a first input network, which is supplied with a first component of the differential input signal in order to generate a first intermediate signal, and a second input network which is supplied with a second component of the differential input signal in order to generate a second intermediate signal. A differential amplifier for the amplification of the difference between the intermediate signals (Ip, In) is arranged in the signal flow direction downstream of the input networks. At least one compensation network is used to compensate the influence of the input networks and is arranged at the output end of the differential amplifier or in a feedback path connecting an output to an input of the differential amplifier.