Abstract: Transducers, tools, devices, apparatus, systems and methods for rejuvenation and aging treatments. The invention can convert an input alternating current into a positive higher frequency output to energize a crystal pack or a plurality of crystals. The rejuvenation transducer includes an input power source to supply a lower frequency input current, a pulse generator to produce a positive higher frequency electrical output pulse from the lower frequency input current, a crystal pack coupled to receive the positive higher frequency electrical output pulse from the pulse generator and produce a gigahertz output and the crystal pack modulates the signal, and a light emitting diode in the current path to indicate an energized state of the rejuvenation transducer. Treatments with the transducers show telomere lengths being lengthened causing a rejuvenation effect.

Abstract: A sensor hand held tool for simultaneously direct current voltage measurement and polarity includes a conductive probe extending from a transparent handle. The transparent handle includes an axial cavity which retains an elongate, flat panel, non-transparent, circuit board with circuitry for sensing, measurement and digital display of direct current voltage as well as simultaneously sensing and visually indicating polarity of a contact to which leads extending from the tool may be attached.

Abstract: A car circuit tester that detects circuit is revealed. The car circuit tester is applied to circuit system and devices of cars for selective measurement of voltage and temperature. The car circuit tester includes a main machine, a sensing part, a processor and a screen. The processor is connected to screen circuit and circuit of the sensing part. The sensing part is in direct contact with an object to be detected and used for inputting voltage signals or temperature signals to the processor. After receiving the signals, the processor outputs parameters to the screen. The parameters are shown on or played through the screen.

Abstract: A connector for connecting wiring of a towed vehicle lighting system to wiring of a towing vehicle lighting system so that lights on the towed vehicle are activated when corresponding lights on the towing vehicle are activated. The connector includes a plurality of terminals for connecting to the wiring of the towed vehicle and configured for coupling with terminals on a mating connector on the towing vehicle; a ground terminal for connecting to a ground wire on the towed vehicle and configured for coupling with a ground terminal on the mating connector on the towing vehicle; ground fault detection circuitry for detecting when the connector is not properly grounded to the towed vehicle; and an indicator coupled with the ground fault detection circuitry for indicating when the connector is not properly grounded to the towed vehicle.

Abstract: A ballast type detecting circuit includes a ballast signal clamping circuit coupled to a ballast, wherein the ballast signal clamping unit is configured to clamp an output of the ballast, and a ballast type detection circuit configured to compare first and second reference clocks and the clamped output of the ballast to determine a type of the ballast, each of the first and second reference clocks having a frequency lower than an output frequency of a first type ballast and higher than an output frequency of a second type ballast. Thus, the ballast type detecting circuit detects a type of electronic ballast and magnetic ballast based on a digital output signal and decreases a number of outside circuit elements through a ballast type detection based on a digital output signal.

Abstract: A waterproof connector (10) includes a retainer (30) composed of divided bodies (31, 32), and a housing (11) including a retainer mounting portion (14) into which the retainer is to be mounted. The retainer mounting portion (14) includes a first mounting portion (16) into which a first of the divided bodies (31) is to be mounted and a second mounting portion (17) into which a second divided body (32) is to be mounted. The first and second divided bodies (31, 32) have facing surfaces (31A, 32A) facing each other. The first divided body (31) includes a projection (31C) that projects toward the second divided body (32) from the facing surface (31A) and a sensor detected portion (38) provided on a back surface (31B) adjacent to the facing surface (31A), and the second divided body (32) includes a recess (32B) into which the projection (31C) is to be fit.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for checking the absence of voltage on a power electronic component connected to a high-voltage battery and to an electrical machine in a high-voltage network of a motor vehicle, which component has a higher voltage than a low-voltage network of the motor vehicle. The power electronic component includes an intermediate circuit capacitor, a passive discharge resistor, a plug-in terminal for at least one high-voltage load and a fuse which is connected upstream of the plug-in terminal.

Abstract: A monitoring unit (100; 800) for monitoring an integrity of a signal path (200; 620) configured to receive an input signal (210, 802) and further configured to provide an output (220) in response to the input signal (210, 802), comprises a signal monitor (110; 801) configured to extract a first signal (112; 630) from the signal path (200; 620) corresponding to the input signal (210, 802) in at least a first characteristic. The monitoring unit (100; 800) further comprises a signal interface (120; 803) configured to extract a second signal (122; 631) corresponding to the output (220) in at least a second characteristic from the signal path (200; 620); and an evaluator (130) configured to determine, whether the at least first characteristic of the first signal (112; 630) corresponds to the at least second characteristic of the second signal (122; 631) according to a predefined relation.

Abstract: A power distribution management apparatus (10) includes acquiring a measurement result from a meter connected to a customer's load facility which receives a distributed power from a power distribution system, and using different display representation to display a facility where electricity flows from the load facility toward the facility of the power distribution system among facilities of the power distribution system to be distinguished from a facility where electricity flows from the facility of the power distribution system toward the load facility utilizing the measurement result of the meter.

Abstract: A diagnostic circuit for inspecting a light-emitting device having light-emitting elements. The diagnostic circuit includes a power source module, a buffer module, and an abnormality detection module. The buffer module includes a plurality of buffers. Each buffer has a buffer input terminal and a buffer output terminal. The buffer input terminal receives a first power source signal from the power source module, and the buffer output terminal outputs a second power source signal to one of the light-emitting elements. The abnormality detection module includes a plurality of comparators. Each comparator has a pair of detection input terminals and a detection output terminal. The detection input terminals is configured to receive the first and second power source signals. The detection output terminal outputs a comparison signal to generate a diagnostic result.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp testing device 10 has a microcontroller 100 that controls tests for ballast discrimination as well as gas integrity, ballast operation, filament continuity and line voltage. The ballast discrimination test is performed by the microcontroller 100 in combination with a photodiode 30 and high/low pass filter 32. Gas integrity is tested with pulse width modulation and a high-voltage, step-up transformer (PWM/T) circuit 42 and an antenna 40. A built in continuity tester has input pins 52, 54 to test the continuity of the filaments in the fluorescent lamp 12. The antenna 40 and a voltage-divider/voltage-sensor connected to the secondary coil in the transformer test for ballast operation. A PCB conductive loop 18, rectifier 20 and op amp 22 test for line voltage.

Abstract: A software and method for updating a scan tool with limited memory are provided. An available diagnostic software database is located remotely from the scan tool. The diagnostic software database is vastly larger than the available memory on the scan tool. The technician can access the database and download the software modules he needs based on the vehicle or vehicles he is servicing and the available scan tool memory.

Abstract: Devices and methods for enhancing electrical safety are provided herein. Devices testing the safety of light fixtures are provided. Also provided are a variety of testing tools for improving electrical safety. The devices are generally capable of wirelessly communicating with a computer, particularly a hand-held device such as a smart-phone or tablet. Methods for using the devices are also provided.

Abstract: An embodiment of an electric meter socket testing system features a plurality of tester line terminals adapted to connect with line terminals of an electric meter socket; a plurality of tester load terminals adapted to connect with load terminals of the electric meter socket; and a test module adapted to control input of voltage from the line terminals to the load terminals; and an indication interface configured to output whether the electric meter socket is determined to be safe for connecting an electric meter. Accordingly, the test module may further be adapted to check for a short circuit in an electrical distribution wiring network coupled to the line terminals in at least one diagnostic procedure.

Abstract: A mechanism for providing monitoring of electric field detectors. In accordance with instructions on a machine-readable medium, a computing system receives from a device data corresponding to a user identifier. Further, the computing device identifies from a plurality of electric field detectors one or more electric field detectors associated with the user identifier and identifies status data for each of the identified one or more electric field detectors. The status data for each electric field detector in the plurality of electric field detectors comprises data indicative of at least (i) a location of the electric field detector and (ii) an alarm state of the electric field detector. Additionally, the computing system causes a display component of the device to display a graphical user interface that presents indicia of the status data for each of the identified one or more electric field detectors.

Abstract: A location of a fault in an ungrounded power distribution system is determined by identifying a faulty feeder section and a type of the fault using voltages and currents measured before and after the fault and selecting the location of the fault at the faulty feeder section by testing a relationship of a current over a voltage measured at boundaries of the faulty feeder section after the fault with different equivalent admittance matrices of the faulty feeder section determined for different candidate locations of the fault of the determined type. The fault is a short-circuit fault including one or combination of a single-phase-to-ground fault, a phase-to-phase fault, a double-phase-to-ground fault, a three-phase-to-ground fault, and a phase-to-phase-to-phase fault.

Abstract: A method determines a location of a fault in a faulty feeder section of an ungrounded power distribution system based on a type of the fault and the type of the faulty line. The method determines, if the faulty line is the lateral and the fault is phase-to-phase or double-phase-to-ground fault, the fault at a first point on an un-faulty phase of the lateral where a fault current equals a load current. The method determines, if the faulty line is the lateral and the fault is the three-phase fault, the location of the fault at a point with a minimal difference between imaginary parts of equivalent fault impedances. The method determines, if the faulty line is the mainline, the location of the fault at a point partitioning the faulty segment on two sub-segments with a ratio of lengths determined based on the voltages at the buses of the faulty segment.

Abstract: An electrostatic coating apparatus includes: a spray gun configured to spray a coating material onto a coating object; a voltage application device configured to apply a high voltage to the spray gun; and a current measurement device configured to measure electric current flowing through the spray gun. When the spray gun, which is in a state of not spraying the coating material onto the coating object and is under application of the high voltage from the voltage application device, is located at a distance from the coating object, the electric current flowing through the spray gun is measured by the current measurement device. A grounded state of the coating object is checked, based on the measured electric current. This shortens the time required for checking the grounded state, while allowing for downsizing and simplified configuration of production equipment and reduction of equipment cost.

Abstract: An interconnection verification device for sensors and a software implementation of interconnection verification between cabling and sensors in large, multi-channel test configurations are disclosed. In a preferred embodiment the sensor assembly comprises a sensor and an indicator electrically connected inline with the sensor. In a preferred embodiment the indicator is an LED. In an even more preferred embodiment, the sensor is an IEPE.

Abstract: A white LED assembly includes a string of series-connected blue LED dice mounted on a substrate. The substrate has a plurality of substrate terminals. A first of the substrate terminals is coupled to be a part of first end node of the string. A second of the substrate terminals is coupled to be a part of an intermediate node of the string. A third of the substrate terminals is coupled to be a part of a second end node of the string. Other substrate terminals may be provided and coupled to be parts of corresponding other intermediate nodes of the string. A single contiguous amount of phosphor covers all the LED dice, but does not cover any of the substrate terminals. In one example, the amount of phosphor contacts the substrate and has a circular periphery. All the LEDs are mounted to the substrate within the circular periphery.

Abstract: A line testing device for an array substrate having a dense number of wires includes a signal generating device that generates a detection signal, a signal receiving device that receives and processes the detection signal, and a control device. The detection signal tests the array substrate having the dense number of wires, and the control device controls one or more of the signal generating device and the signal receiving device to move in a direction perpendicular to a direction of a scan line of the array substrate and in a plane parallel to the array substrate.

Abstract: A current measurement connector may include a first part and a second part. Each part may include a mount and a joint. The first and second part may be joined via the respective joints through a current transformer interposed between the first and second parts. The respective mounts may be configured to receive a current from a current source and pass the received current through the current transformer via the first and second parts inducing a current in the current transformer. The induced current may be useable to measure the current from the current source. Methods for fabricating the current measurement connector may include die casting the first and second parts and press fitting the first and second parts at the respective joints through the current transformer. Methods for use may include withstanding a fault current pulse and dissipating heat associated with the pulse via the first and second parts.

Abstract: Provided is a voltage regulator capable of accurately adjusting a tail current of a differential amplifier circuit without adding a test terminal. The voltage regulator includes: a constant current circuit for causing the tail current of the differential amplifier circuit to flow; a protection circuit; a current output circuit for outputting a current of the constant current circuit to a test terminal for measuring characteristics of the protection circuit; a switch circuit for stopping a function of the protection circuit; and a fuse provided between the test terminal and the current output circuit.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for wireless charging are provided. An indicator displayed on a wireless device may assist a user in placing the device in a more efficient position on a wireless charger. The indicator may comprise an image, and moving the device such that the image aligns with an image on a wireless charger places the device is in a more efficient charging position. Other types of indicators may be displayed to assist a user in moving a device to a more efficient position on the wireless charger.

Abstract: In various embodiments, there is provided a method comprising receiving a waveform; rectifying the waveform to generate a rectified waveform; comparing the rectified waveform with a first voltage to generate a first compare signal, wherein a first edge of the first compare signal occurs at a first time when an instantaneous value of the rectified waveform becomes higher than the first voltage; comparing the rectified waveform with a second voltage to generate a second compare signal, wherein a first edge of the second compare signal occurs at a second time when the instantaneous value of the rectified waveform becomes higher than the second voltage; and based at least in part on the first time and the second time, estimating a voltage of the waveform.

Abstract: For inspecting polarities of poles of DC voltage sources, each pole being individually connected to one of separate input terminals of a combiner circuit, an inspection apparatus includes electric contacts each provided for one of the input terminals such that one of the poles of each DC voltage sources is each connected to one of the electric contacts, respectively. A signaling element when subjected to an electric signal emits a matching signal. One switching element per each of the at least two electric contacts forwards the electric signal if a polarity of a voltage present at the respective electric contact matches a polarity pre-set for the respective electric contact with regard to a reference potential, and blocks the electric signal if the polarity of the voltage does not match the pre-set polarity. The switching elements are electrically connected in series.

Abstract: The polarity detection circuit includes a first diode with anode receiving a first phase of the AC power supply voltage and a second diode with anode receiving a second phase, opposite the first phase. The detection circuit further includes a constant-voltage power supply outputting a positive constant voltage. A first reference-voltage output circuit outputs a voltage corresponding to the constant voltage when the AC voltage of the first phase is positive, and outputs a voltage at a cathode of the second diode when the AC voltage of the first phase is negative. The detection circuit also includes a first signal output circuit that compares a first voltage, corresponding to a voltage at the cathode of the first diode, and a voltage output from the first reference-voltage output circuit and that outputs a signal indicative of polarity of the AC voltage having the first phase according to a comparison result.

Abstract: A non-contact voltage detection panel mount assembly is provided. The assembly includes a base to mount to an electrical enclosure, the base including of four voltage portals, a test point and a test voltage generator circuit used to test a pen. The pen is operatively connected to the base and includes an electrical charge storage device, a charge indicator operatively connected to the electrical charge storage device to indicate a presence of a charge within the electrical charge storage device, and a voltage present indicator to indicate presence of a voltage. The pen has a first position for lock-out-tag-out to monitor and test for voltage in any one of the four voltage portals and a second position to determine presence of voltage in the test point.

Abstract: An induction heating system includes an induction heating coil operable to inductively heat a load with a magnetic field, a detector for detecting a current feedback signal corresponding to a current flowing through the induction heating coil, and a controller for detecting a switching transient in the current feedback signal and determining a resonant frequency of the system based on a characteristic of the switching transient.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a charging apparatus using a pad type electrode contact point, the charging apparatus including: a charging plate having a plate shape; and an attaching plate installed on a portable terminal to provide the power to a charging circuit of the portable terminal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a circuit includes an amplifier, first and second capacitors, a switch and a monitoring-comparator. The amplifier amplifies source and drain voltages to output first and second amplified-signals. The first and second capacitors are connected to the amplifier's first and second terminals. The first and second amplified-signals are outputted from the first and second terminals. The switch forms first and second loops when a switching-transistor is OFF. The switch supplies a common-reference-voltage to the first and second loops to store charge in the first and second capacitors. The switch ends the first and second loops based on a gate-signal when the switching-transistor is ON. The monitoring-comparator compares first and second inputs. The monitoring-comparator outputs a signal depending on a comparison result when the switching-transistor is ON. The first and second inputs are input through the first and second capacitors.

Abstract: A detection apparatus that detects a state of power has a first current transformer that measures a first current on a side of a first power line with respect to a connecting point between the first power line extending from a commercial power supply and a second power line extending from a power generation means that supplies power having the same frequency as the commercial power supply, a second current transformer that measures a second current on a side of the second power line with respect to the connecting point, a first current direction detector that detects a direction of the first current, a second current direction detector that detects a direction of the second current, and an exclusive OR calculator that calculates an exclusive OR between a detected value of the direction of the first current and a detected value of the direction of the second current.

Abstract: There is provided a power receiving device including a connecting unit that is connected to a power line through which power is transmitted, a determining unit that determines whether transmitted power is chargeable, based on power identification information indicating whether the transmitted power is chargeable power, and a notification control unit that performs notification based on a determination result.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention provide a module including an electronic circuit that flags the presence of AC or DC input signals. An AC filter receives an input signal and couples it to a first leg. The AC filter permits an AC signal to pass to produce a first output and prevents a DC signal from passing. A DC filter also receives the input signal and couples it to a second leg. The DC filter permits a DC signal to pass to produce a second output and prevents at least part of an AC signal from passing. A lock out circuit in the first leg prevents the second leg from producing the second output when the first leg produces the first output. The output of each leg may be digitized and coupled to a logic controller to flag the presence of AC or DC input signals.

Abstract: A detection circuit (1) comprises a first and a second contact terminal (P1, P2) for connecting a microphone (HM) with a defined polarity. Furthermore, a first and a second switch (S1, S2) are provided and respectively connect the first and the second contact terminal (P1, P2) to a reference potential terminal (GND). A supply terminal (SUP) for supplying an input signal is either connected to the first contact terminal (P1) or to the second contact terminal (P2) via a third switch (S3). A measuring device (MS) for acquiring a measurement signal in response to the supplied input signal is coupled to a connection between the supply terminal (SUP) and the third switch (S3).

Abstract: A detecting circuit includes: a testing signal generator, arranged to selectively generate a testing signal having a first signal edge or a second signal edge to a connecting port; and a detector, arranged to detect a first detect signal on the connecting port after the testing signal having the first signal edge is coupled to the connecting port, and to detect a second detect signal on the connecting port after the testing signal having the second signal edge is coupled to the connecting port; wherein the detector is further arranged to determine if an external circuit element is coupled between the connecting port and a reference voltage according to the first detect signal and the second detect signal.

Abstract: A novel method for manufacturing embedded a capacitive stack and a novel capacitive stack apparatus are provided having a capacitive core that serves as a structural substrate on which alternating thin conductive foils and nanopowder-loaded dielectric layers may be added and tested for reliability. This layering and testing allows early fault detection of the thin dielectric layers of the capacitive stack. The capacitive stack may be configured to supply multiple isolated capacitive elements that provide segregated, device-specific decoupling capacitance to one or more electrical components. The capacitive stack may serve as a core substrate on which a plurality of additional signaling layers of a multilayer circuit board may be coupled.

Abstract: A method and system for configuring a valve in a turbine. The method includes transmitting a first signal from a servo to a first coil of an actuator to cause the valve to move to a first position, determining a first magnitude of the valve, and transmitting a second signal from the servo to a second coil of the actuator to cause the valve to move to second position. The method also includes determining a second magnitude of the valve, and comparing the first magnitude to the second magnitude to determine the polarity of wiring coupled between the servo and the actuator.

Abstract: A system includes a power bus, a capacitive divider and a magnetoelectric device. The capacitive divider includes a first capacitance element electrically connected in series with a second capacitance element. The first capacitance element is electrically interconnected with the power bus. The second capacitance element is electrically connected between the first capacitance element and ground. The capacitive divider causes a current to flow between the power bus and the ground when the power bus is energized. The current generates a magnetic field. The magnetoelectric device includes an input inputting the magnetic field and an output outputting a voltage. An indicator or a load is driven by the voltage of the output of the magnetoelectric device.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a wireless charging intensity indication method, including: obtaining, by a charged device, wireless charging intensity of the charged device at a present charging position, and displaying, on a display screen, the wireless charging intensity at the present charging position, where the displaying the wireless charging intensity on the display screen is intended to provide a basis for a user to select an optimum charging position. By using the wireless charging intensity indication method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the user may select, from different charging positions, the optimum charging position according to the magnitude of the wireless charging intensity displayed on the display screen of the charged device, thereby improving the efficiency of wireless charging. The embodiments of the present invention also provide a corresponding charged device and a mobile terminal.

Abstract: An electrical connection confirmation system includes a cartridge type HDD 200 and a storage device main body 100 into which the cartridge type HDD 200 is inserted. The cartridge type HDD 200 includes a HDD connector 230 configured to comply with SATA standard, and having pins 210a to 210j and 210l to 210o that are internally shorted. The storage device main body 100 includes a main body connector 130 configured to comply with SATA standard, and having pins 110a to 110j and 110l to 110o provided in positions respectively opposite to the pins 210a to 210j and 210l to 210o. The electrical connection of the cartridge type HDD 200 to the storage device main body 100 is detected based on voltage states or electric current states of the specified pins 110d, 110g, and 110m.

Abstract: Methods and systems to detect droop events on-chip, which may include a sensor circuit located adjacent to a voltage node to convert a corresponding voltage to a digital count or value indicative of the voltage. The sensor circuit may include an n-stage ring oscillator and an asynchronous counter. The sensor circuit may include circuitry to capture and convert a phase associated with a count to a binary fractional value to increase voltage resolution. Multiple counts associated with the node may be evaluated at the node to identify minimum and maximum counts and corresponding time stamps. More complex evaluation and control circuitry may be shared amongst a plurality of sensor circuits and may include circuitry to generate and compare counts to one or more variable thresholds, circuitry to average counts over time, and memory to store state values associated with the sensors.

Abstract: A device and a method for detecting a polarity reversal on a low voltage side of a DC voltage transformer in a dual-voltage vehicle electrical system, particularly in a motor vehicle. A current flow is enabled, in this instance, in a connecting line on the low voltage side of the DC voltage transformer by a controllable switching element, a current is detected in a connecting line on the low voltage side of the DC voltage transformer, with the aid of a current sensor system, the direction of the detected current is evaluated by an evaluation unit and a polarity reversal is detected if the direction of the detected current differs from an expected current direction.

Abstract: A circuit tester device for testing continuity and polarity of vehicle relay circuits may include a housing and a plug carried by the housing. The circuit tester device may also have a battery lead adapted to connect to a battery terminal, and a ground lead adapted to connect to a ground. Further, the circuit tester device may have circuitry including three or more circuits connected between the battery and ground leads. Each circuit may have in series a first resistor, a first status indicator, a first diode, a test terminal, a second diode, a second status indicator and a second resistor. Each test terminal may be connected to a respective one of the pins. The circuitry may also have one or more load circuits tapped into one of the circuits between the first and second diodes. The load circuits may include in series a test switch and a load terminal.

Abstract: A three-phase faulted circuit indicator adjustable to accommodate a variety of three-phase power cables is disclosed. In one embodiment, faulted circuit indicator comprises a flexible holder that encircles the monitored conductor slightly more than one time. The flexible holder includes a plurality of magnetic sensors for monitoring the current within the internal conductors of the power cable, a logic circuit for determining the occurrence of a fault, and an output device for providing an indication of a fault. In a second embodiment, the faulted circuit indicator comprises a plurality of sensor compartments, each disposed about a central point, and each coupled to two other sensor compartments.

Abstract: A system for testing power line carrier signal integrity or strength in a building electrical system includes a transmitter module electrically coupled to a first electrical outlet and configured to transmit a power line carrier signal over the building electrical system. The system also includes a receiver module electrically coupled to a second electrical outlet and configured to receive the power line carrier signal from the transmitter module. The receiver module includes circuitry configured to determine whether at least one of the integrity and strength of the power line carrier signal is sufficient for a load control system installed in the building electrical system to communicate with relay modules installed in the building electrical system using power line carrier signals. The receiver module includes a user interface configured to provide an indication of at least one of the integrity and strength of the power line carrier signal.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement includes: a reverse conducting IGBT configured to allow for conducting a load current in a forward direction and in a reverse direction, the IGBT having a load current path and a gate electrode; a gate control unit connected to the gate electrode and configured to activate or deactivate the IGBT by charging or, respectively, discharging the gate electrode in accordance with a gate control signal; a gate driver unit configured to detect whether the IGBT conducts current in the forward direction or the reverse direction by sensing a gate current caused by a change of a voltage drop across the load path due to a changing of the reverse conducting IGBT into its reverse conducting state, the gate control unit further configured to deactivate the IGBT or to prevent an activation of the IGBT via its gate electrode when the gate driver unit detects that the IGBT is in its reverse conducting state.

Abstract: Provided are a charge and discharge control circuit capable of reducing a circuit size, and a battery device. In a charger reverse connection detection circuit (116), a comparison circuit or the like is not used, and two NMOS transistors are used, whereby circuit sizes of the reverse connection detection circuit (116) and a charge and discharge control circuit (110) are reduced. Accordingly, a consumption current is reduced, and a manufacturing cost is also reduced.

Abstract: A fault interrupter and load break switch includes a trip assembly configured to automatically open a transformer circuit electrically coupled to stationary contacts of the switch upon the occurrence of a fault condition. The fault condition causes a Curie metal element electrically coupled to at least one of the stationary contacts to release a magnetic latch. The release causes a trip rotor of the trip assembly to rotate a rotor assembly. This rotation causes ends of a movable contact of the rotor assembly to electrically disengage the stationary contacts, thereby opening the circuit. The switch also includes a handle for manually opening and closing the electrical circuit in fault and non-fault conditions. Actuation of the handle coupled to the rotor assembly via a spring-loaded rotor causes the movable contact ends to selectively engage or disengage the stationary contacts.

Abstract: An electrical connection confirmation system includes a cartridge type HDD 200 and a storage device main body 100 into which the cartridge type HDD 200 is inserted. The cartridge type HDD 200 includes a HDD connector 230 configured to comply with SATA standard, and having pins 210a to 210j and 210l to 210o that are internally shorted. The storage device main body 100 includes a main body connector 130 configured to comply with SATA standard, and having pins 110a to 110j and 110l to 110o provided in positions respectively opposite to the pins 210a to 210j and 210l to 210o. The electrical connection of the cartridge type HDD 200 to the storage device main body 100 is detected based on voltage states or electric current states of the specified pins 110d, 110g, and 110m.