Abstract: Described implementations monitor potential voltage at a location to determine device usage at the location. The implementations utilize a plug-in energy sensor that is plugged directly into any electrical outlet at the location and measures deviation in voltage at the location. Once plugged into an electrical outlet, the plug-in energy sensor monitors one or more of the lead line and ground, the neutral line and ground, and/or the ground line with respect to a reference for changes in potential voltage at the location. Different devices and different device states of those devices generate different signatures of voltage as they operate, thereby making the signatures unique, or almost unique, to different device types, different devices, and/or different device states. By monitoring for signatures in the voltage, operation of devices in different device states at the location can be determined, along with start times and stop times of those states associated with the various devices.

Abstract: An automated external defibrillator (AED) includes one or more sensors comprising electrodes configured to couple to a patient and configured to gather medical data from the patient, a display, and a location display system configured to create a device/patient map with map icons comprising an AED location icon and a patient location icon and provide the device/patient map at the display.

Abstract: The present application discloses a metering device, including a structure body of the metering device, a first metering chip and a metering master control chip. The first metering chip is configured for performing fundamental wave and full wave processing on electric energy data; the metering master control chip includes a master control chip core, a coprocessor and a storage unit, wherein the master control chip core and the coprocessor share the storage unit; and the coprocessor is configured for performing harmonic processing on the electric energy data based on the storage unit and based on a manner of instruction. By applying the solution of the present application, the electric energy data of the metering device can be processed quickly and efficiently, and a hardware cost is saved at the same time. The present application also provides an electric energy meter which has the corresponding technical effects.

Abstract: A supplementary function module is for vehicles for the supplementation of a function module supplied with electrical power via a power supply bus. The supplementary function module is configured to be supplied with electrical power via the power supply bus. The supplementary function module has a controller configured to detect a voltage in the power supply bus, and to deactivate the supplementary function module based upon a first predefined voltage variation being detected.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and method for compensating for an offset in switching current sensing in an improved method using a Rogowski coil and an Op-amp. According to the present disclosure, when a Rogowski current sensor and an Op-Amp integrator are used to sense a switching current of a motor driving inverter, a DC-DC converter, or the like, the fact that an offset value of an output of the integrator varies depending on a duty value of a pulse-width modulation (PWM) control signal is used, so that offset calibration software is applied to automatically generate an offset value table at the beginning of power up of a controller and compensate for a sensed value of the current in real time by referring to the value. As a result, there is no need to perform conventional manual tuning.

Abstract: A power connector is provided that is configured to conduct a current and includes a conductive frame including a base structure, an extension structure, and a cap structure that define a current path for the current. The base structure is configured to be coupled to a current supply for receiving the current therefrom. The cap structure is configured to be coupled to an electrical interface of a device to be supplied with the current and outputs the current from the connector to the electrical interface of the device. The extension structure is coupled to and vertically extends between the base structure and the cap structure. The extension structure includes a current constriction region that is configured to cause a defined magnetic field of the current flowing through the current constriction region at a predefined position.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for disconnecting loads from the electrical grid based on a power line frequency are disclosed. An electricity meter may monitor a power line frequency of a source power line connected to the electricity meter, and in response to determining that the power line frequency is lower than a disconnect threshold frequency, may open an internal switch and disconnect a load side output of the electricity meter from the source power line.

Abstract: Methods and systems for identifying and correcting abnormal electrical activity about a structure are provided. An electricity monitoring device may monitor electrical activity including transmission of electricity via an electrical distribution board to devices about the structure. Electrical activity may be correlated with respective electrical devices to build an electrical profile indicative of the structure's electricity usage. Based on the electrical profile, abnormal electrical activity may be identified and corrective actions may be taken to mitigate or prevent structural damage.

Abstract: A metrology device includes a housing, a lower support structure, a PCB coupled to the lower support structure, and a cover coupled to the lower support structure and the housing. The housing supports the cover in three coordinate directions. The lower support structure includes a first pillar that supports the PCB and mechanically couples with the cover. The first pillar causes the PCB to stand off from the lower support structure and causes the cover to stand off from the PCB. The metrology device also includes a second pillar that extends from the lower support structure to a base to cause the lower support structure to stand off from the base. The cover has a non-circle shape, and a cross section of the housing at a same elevation of the housing as an elevation of the cover within the housing is a circle.

Abstract: A current measuring device for detecting a current in an electric line includes: a housing; a fastening device arranged on the housing for fastening the housing to a supporting rail; and at least one magnetic field sensor. The housing has a first housing part and a second housing part which together form an accommodating device for accommodating an electric line between the first and second housing parts. The first and second housing parts are separable from one another in order to place an electric line onto the current measuring device and placeable onto one another in order to accommodate the electric line in the accommodating device between the first and second housing parts. The at least one magnetic field sensor detects a magnetic field on the electric line accommodated in the accommodating device.

Abstract: Present embodiments include systems and methods for stick welding applications. In certain embodiments, simulation stick welding electrode holders may include stick electrode retraction assemblies configured to mechanically retract a simulation stick electrode toward the stick electrode retraction assembly to simulate consumption of the simulation stick electrode during a simulated stick welding process. In addition, in certain embodiments, stick welding electrode holders may include various input and output elements that enable, for example, control inputs to be input via the stick welding electrode holders, and operational statuses to be output via the stick welding electrode holders. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, a welding training system interface may be used to facilitate communication and cooperation of various stick welding electrode holders with a welding training system.

Abstract: Some embodiments include a metering system including a base housing configured to be coupled to a supply of a consumable, and including a plurality of meter slots, wherein each meter slot is configured to couple with a removeable meter module. Further, the metering system includes a removeable cover housing configured to removably couple to the base housing, and a meter module that includes at least one meter core and at least one data transfer functionality or assembly. The meter module can independently meter at least a portion of the consumable consumed by at least one consumer. A metering assembly with a removeable meter module and an associated meter slot can independently meter at least a portion of a consumable consumed by at least one consumer, and metering of the consumable to a consumer from one meter slot is independent of metering of the consumable from another meter slot.

Abstract: A power meter includes a sampling circuit configured to initially make electrical measurements of a unit under test at a first sampling frequency. The power meter includes an adaptive circuit. The power meter includes an accumulator configured to accumulate electrical measurements of the unit under test from the sampling circuit. After a change in sampling frequency from the first sampling frequency to a second sampling frequency, the sampling circuit makes second electrical measurements at the second sampling frequency. The adaptive circuit is configured to adjust the second electrical measurements from the sampling circuit according to a factor. The factor is based on a relationship between the first sampling frequency and the second sampling frequency. The adjustment yields adjusted second electrical measurements. The accumulator is further configured to accumulate the adjusted second electrical measurements.

Abstract: An intelligent electronic device IED has enhanced power quality and communications capabilities. The IED can perform energy analysis by waveform capture, detect transient on the front-end voltage input channels and provide revenue measurements. The IED splits and distributes the front-end input channels into separate circuits for scaling and processing by dedicated processors for specific applications by the IED. Front-end voltage input channels are split and distributed into separate circuits for transient detection, waveform capture analysis and revenue measurement, respectively. Front-end current channels are split and distributed into separate circuits for waveform capture analysis and revenue measurement, respectively.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and tangible computer readable storage media are disclosed to determine an operational status of a device. Disclosed example apparatus include a first sensor to be positioned a first distance from a wire to measure a first magnetic field associated with the wire, and a second sensor to be positioned a second distance, greater than the first distance, from the wire to measure a second magnetic field, the second distance to reduce detectability of the first magnetic field by the second sensor. Disclosed example apparatus further include a comparator to compare the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field to determine an operational status of the device, and a meter to collect audience measurement data based at least in part on the operational status of the device.

Abstract: A data storage device includes an electrical connector configured to receive an input voltage to power electronics of the data storage device. The data storage device further includes a fuse electrically coupled between the electrical connector and the electronics. The fuse is configured to output a signal indicative of current being inputted to the data storage device. The data storage device further includes a controller configured to calculate power based on the input voltage and the signal indicative of the current.

Abstract: Techniques for identifying electrical theft are described herein. In an example, a secondary voltage of a transformer may be inferred by repeated voltage and current measurement at each meter associated with the transformer. A difference in measured voltage values, divided by a difference in measured current values, estimates impedance at the meter. The calculated impedance, together with measured voltage and current values, determine a voltage at the transformer secondary. Such voltages calculated by each meter associated with a transformer may be averaged, to indicate the transformer secondary voltage. A transformer having lower-than-expected secondary voltage is identified, based in part on comparison to the secondary voltages of other transformers. Each meter associated with the identified transformer may be evaluated to determine if the unexpected voltage is due to a load on the transformer. If a load did not result in the unexpected secondary voltage, power diversion may be reported.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling power supplied to a plurality of appliances on a power line. Poly phase power measurements are collected from the power line by a dedicated energy metering chip are sampled at frequencies in the range of 0 kilo samples per second to 32 kilo samples per second and converted to digital power measurements. The digital power measurements are received by a real-time microcontroller. The poly phase power measurements are analyzed in real time, the poly phase power measurements are disaggregated, and a power report regarding a power usage of each appliance is generated by a computer processing unit, CPU. A power report is transmitted to a mobile application, power on/off commands for each appliance are received from the mobile application, and each appliance is powered on/off based on the power on/off commands.

Abstract: An electric meter that is configured to regenerate meter state data after a power loss includes a memory with at least one volatile and non-volatile memory device and a processor connected to the memory. The processor is configured to retrieve a backup copy of meter state data and a plurality of meter input data samples that were generated after the backup copy of the meter state data and prior to the power loss from a nonvolatile memory device. The processor is configured to regenerate meter state data by updating the backup copy of meter state data with the plurality of meter input data samples to regenerate the meter state data at the time of a final meter input data sample prior to the power loss.

Abstract: A utility meter includes a real-time clock (RTC), a supercapacitor, a power supply, and a set of photodiodes. The RTC keeps time utilized for time stamps applicable to events that occur during alternating current (AC) power outages of the utility meter, and the supercapacitor powers the RTC. The power supply operates in an active mode responsive to an AC line voltage meeting a threshold and, when in the active mode, charges the supercapacitor to power the RTC. The set of photodiodes absorbs energy from ambient light and charges the supercapacitor to power the RTC. Thus, the supercapacitor is configured to be charged based on the power supply and based on the set of photodiodes.

Abstract: A skin measuring apparatus measures a skin moisture level using a voltage application electrode and a current detection electrode. The skin measuring apparatus includes an electrode driving module applying sinusoidal wave voltage to skin of a user through the voltage application electrode so that an amount of current is output from the skin through the current detection electrode, a signal detecting unit detecting the amount of current from the skin through the current detection electrode to calculate at least one of an impedance signal and an admittance signal, and a skin information determination unit analyzing the at least one of the impedance signal and the admittance signal to calculate the skin moisture level and a sweat production rate of the user, thereby analyzing the skin moisture level and the sweat generation rate more precisely without distortion.

Abstract: A transformer monitoring system that has one or more monitoring devices coupled to respective distribution transformers, and the monitoring devices each have a network device. The network devices monitor operational data of their respective distribution transformer and perform a monitoring device action based upon the operational data monitored. Further, the monitoring device transmits operational data and data indicative of the monitoring device action via the network device. The system also has a central computing device communicatively coupled to the one or more monitoring devices via the network devices and there is a processor resident on the central computing device that receives the operational data and the data indicative of the monitoring device action, interprets the received data, and performs an action based upon the operational data and the data indicative of the monitoring device action.

Abstract: Described herein are improvements for a power system by operating the power system using updated performance characteristics for a protection device. In one example, a method includes operating the power system based on a first operational curve for a first protection device of the one or more protection devices. The first operational curve indicates conditions upon which the first protection device will trip. The method also provides obtaining trip information describing conditions that cause the first protection device to trip at each of one or more trip occurrences during operation of the power system. The method further provides adjusting the first operational curve to generate an adjusted first operational curve that reflects the trip information and operating the power system based on the adjusted first operational curve.

Abstract: A system for detecting power failure in a dual processing system includes a first central processing unit (CPU), a second CPU, a power controlling unit, and a complex programmable logic device (CPLD). The power controlling unit is electrically coupled to the first CPU and the second CPU and the CPLD. The CPLD can determine a power failure occurring in relation to the first CPU and the second CPU. If power to the first CPU does not fail but power to the second CPU does fail, the CPLD controls the power controlling unit to stop supplying power for the second CPU only and make a certain number of power restart attempts. A method for detecting a power failure is also provided.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a magnetic sensor includes a first element. The first element includes a first magnetic part, a first magnetic layer, a first nonmagnetic portion, and a first intermediate magnetic layer. The first magnetic part includes first to third portions. The first portion is between the second and third portions. The first portion has a first length and a second length. The second portion has at least one of a third length longer than the first length or a fourth length longer than the second length. The third portion has at least one of a fifth length longer than the first length or a sixth length longer than the second length. The first nonmagnetic portion is provided between the first portion and the first magnetic layer. The first intermediate magnetic layer is provided between the first portion and the first nonmagnetic portion.

Abstract: A front end module (FEM) for a 5.6 GHz Wi-Fi acoustic wave resonator RF filter circuit. The device can include a power amplifier (PA), a 5.6 GHz resonator, and a diversity switch. The device can further include a low noise amplifier (LNA). The PA is electrically coupled to an input node and can be configured to a DC power detector or an RF power detector. The resonator can be configured between the PA and the diversity switch, or between the diversity switch and an antenna. The LNA may be configured to the diversity switch or be electrically isolated from the switch. Another 5.6 GHZ resonator may be configured between the diversity switch and the LNA. In a specific example, this device integrates a 5.6 GHz PA, a 5.6 GHZ bulk acoustic wave (BAW) RF filter, a single pole two throw (SP2T) switch, and a bypassable LNA into a single device.

Abstract: Some embodiments disclosed herein include systems and method for verifying meter accuracy. The system may include an electric vehicle charging station that includes a submeter that measures an amount of energy discharged from the electric vehicle charging station and to a connected electric vehicle. A meter test device may also be connected to the electric vehicle charging station to determine the accuracy of the submeter in local time.

Abstract: Provided is a current sensor including a first Hall element and a second Hall element. Provided is a current sensor including a first Hall element; a second Hall element; a primary conductor arranged in a manner to have a current under measurement flow therethrough and to apply magnetic fields under measurement caused by the current under measurement, with different polarities, to the first Hall element and the second Hall element; and a secondary conductor arranged in a manner to have a reference current flow therethrough and to apply reference magnetic fields caused by the reference current, with the same polarity, to the first Hall element and the second Hall element.

Abstract: An intelligent electronic device (IED) is provided. The IED includes a metering sub-assembly and an input base module sub-assembly. The metering sub-assembly is hinged to the input base module sub-assembly, where when in an open position, various cables, connectors, and input/output cards/modules are accessible. Various input/output cards/modules are interchangeable to add/change functionality and/or communication capabilities to the IED. In one embodiment, a communication card is provided with at least one antenna disposed internal or external to a housing of the IED.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods may provide for determining, from a program comprising graphs of parallel operations and dependencies, an estimation of a droop risk associated with execution of the graphs by a load. A risk signal may be outputted based on the estimation. The risk signal may be associated with an adjustment in an output voltage of a voltage regulator and the output voltage is to be provided to the load.

Abstract: According to various aspects and embodiments, a power distribution unit (PDU) is provided. The power distribution unit includes an input configured to receive input power, a plurality of outputs each coupled to the input and configured to receive input power, and each output of the plurality of outputs having an output configured to provide output power, and a controller coupled to the plurality of outputs and configured to determine a plurality of time intervals based on a frequency of the input power, measure a current at each time interval of the plurality of time intervals for each output of the plurality of outputs, generate a plurality of current measurement sums based on current measurement values associated with each time interval of the plurality of time intervals, and determine a root-mean-square (RMS) value based on the plurality of current measurement sums.

Abstract: An arrangement includes an A/D converter and a processing circuit. The A/D converter is configured to generate digital samples of voltage and current waveforms in a polyphase electrical system. The processing circuit is operably coupled to receive the digital samples from the A/D converter. The processing circuit configured is to obtain contemporaneous phase current and voltage samples IA, IB, IC and/or IN, and VA, VB, VC. The processing circuit is further configured to determine source leg current sample values based on three of the current samples of IA, IB, IC, and IN, and also based on a ratio of the impedance on one leg of a center-tapped source transformer secondary winding to another secondary winding of a source transformer. The processing circuit is further configured to determine a VA value based at least in part on the source leg current samples.

Abstract: An intelligent electronic device (IED) having a gain control unit adapted to selectively regulate operating ranges of output signals of a sensing circuit of the device is described. In one embodiment, the IED is a digital electric power and energy meter, which operating ranges for supply voltages and supply currents of electrical services may be adjusted to match pre-determined ranges for input signals of a data acquisition system or a data processing module of the meter.

Abstract: An electrical energy meter includes an A/D converter and a processing circuit. The A/D converter is configured to generate digital samples of voltage and current waveforms in a polyphase electrical system. The processing circuit is operably coupled to receive the digital samples from the A/D converter and to integrate over time at least one digital sample multiple times to produce a filtered value from which harmonic distortion has been removed, identify a fundamental frequency only electrical parameter measurement for the polyphase electrical system with reference to the filtered value, and store the identified fundamental frequency only electrical parameter measurement in a data store.

Abstract: A detection device includes a substrate on which a connector connected to a transmission line for microwaves, a detection circuit configured to convert the microwaves inputted from the transmission line via the connector to a detection value indicating power of the microwaves, and an output port configured to output the detection value obtained by the detection circuit are disposed. The detection device further includes a housing that has a first opening and a second opening and accommodates the substrate in a state where the connector is inserted into the first opening and the output port is inserted into the second opening. The detection device further includes a first sealing member provided at the first opening of the housing to seal a periphery of the connector; and a second sealing member provided at the second opening of the housing to seal a periphery of the output port.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a device for measuring electrical current in an electrical conductor (2), the device comprising: a measuring circuit configured to be connected to the electrical conductor, the measuring circuit comprising: a resistor based measuring circuit comprising a resistor (10), a transformer based measuring circuit comprising a current transformer (20) comprising a primary coil (20a), connected in series with the resistor (10) of the resistor based measuring circuit, a first inverter (12) configured to transform a first digital signal using a transfer function being an inverse of a transfer function representing the resistor based measuring circuit; a second inverter (22) configured to transform a second digital signal using a transfer function being an inverse of a transfer function representing the transformer based measuring circuits; and a signal combiner (5) configured to combine the transformed first and second digital signals, thereby providing a digital signal representing the electri

Abstract: A system includes a plurality of sensors configured to detect an electrical voltage and an electrical leakage current associated with an operation of an industrial machine, and a controller including a processor and a selection device. The selection device is configured to receive from the plurality of sensors a first input corresponding to the electrical voltage, and a second input corresponding to the electrical leakage current. The first input is paired with the second input to generate a paired input. The selection device is configured to transmit an output to the processor based at least in part on the paired input. The output includes an indication of the electrical leakage current or a dissipation factor associated with the industrial machine.

Abstract: A system for verifying an energy generation source, includes a key forming device that forms a key in a DC voltage signal generated by the energy generation source, and a verifying device that verifies the energy generation source based on the key in the DC voltage signal.

Abstract: A current sensor includes: a magnetic core member including a core main body obtained by forming a slit-shaped gap portion along a tube axis direction in a tube that surrounds a conductive member, which is an object to be energized, on an inner side with a clearance, the magnetic core member being configured to generate a magnetic flux corresponding to a current flowing through the conductive member; a magnetic sensor configured to output a signal corresponding to magnetic flux density in the gap portion; and a magnetic shield member including a shield main body that surrounds the core main body from an outer side of the core main body with a clearance, the magnetic shield member being configured to block magnetism between inside and outside of the shield main body by the shield main body.

Abstract: Continuous monitoring of an electric power system during testing of a primary electric power meter is described herein. Electric power system signals or test signals may be selectively supplied to the primary electric power meter. Electric power system signals may be supplied to a secondary meter while a test signal is applied to the primary electric power meter. The secondary meter may record and/or transmit monitoring functions and communicate the results of the monitoring functions to the primary electric power meter while the test signals are supplied to the primary electric power meter.

Abstract: A method controls an energy equivalence factor of a motor vehicle including a heat engine and at least one electric motor powered by a storage battery. The method includes estimating a value of the energy equivalence factor proportional to a predetermined maximum value when the difference is lower than the threshold value or proportional to a predetermined minimum value when the difference is higher than the threshold value.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic device operable by a power supply voltage obtained from a commercial power supply, includes a capacitor charged with the power supply voltage, and a circuitry configured to write power failure occurrence time information to a nonvolatile memory using power of the capacitor after occurrence of power failure, read the power failure occurrence time information from the nonvolatile memory, and transmit the power failure occurrence time information to an external device.

Abstract: A differential coupling path is provided for power measurement communication between a host device and a line side device. The line side device couples to AC power grid to extract voltage signals and current signals using various voltage and current sensors. The extracted voltage signal and current signal are converted to digital signals by internal A/D converters within the line device and then sent to the host device through the differential coupling path coupled between the host device and the line side device. The host device may couple to one or more line side devices via multiple differential coupling paths.

Abstract: A system and method for determining an acquisition buffer size for use in processing signals, the method including determining a number of samples obtained for a predetermined number of line cycles based on digital signals received from an analog-to-digital converter (106), determining an integer number of line cycles needed for a predetermined target number of samples, and determining an acquisition buffer length based on the integer number of line cycles, as a length of time that can accommodate the determined integer number of line cycles while minimizing or avoiding partial line cycles. The method can further include determining whether the determined acquisition buffer length is within a threshold range, and when not within the threshold, continuing to store a previously determined acquisition buffer length instead of the determined acquisition buffer length. The method may be repeated to continually adjust the acquisition buffer length to minimize or avoid partial line cycles.

Abstract: A system for the configuration of power meters.

Abstract: A multi-controllable high voltage power supply having a plurality of filters, a high voltage divider, and a processor with memory. The memory contains operating set points. The processor is configured to receive scaled voltage feedback signals from the high voltage divider, compare the scaled voltage feedback signals to the plurality of operating set points in memory, compute and store revised operating set points using the compared scaled voltage feedback signal, use the revised operating set points to simultaneously and automatically regulate output voltage to be within all operating set points, and generate an alert when output conditions exceed any operating set points.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide a method for correcting power usage measurements at an apparatus. The method includes receiving, by the apparatus, a first power usage measurement from a utility meter measured at a first time unit and a second power usage measurement from a submeter measured at a set of second time units, wherein the set of second time units is dynamically defined with respect to the first time unit. Further, the method includes determining, by the apparatus, a time difference error based on the first time unit and each of the second time unit. Further, the method includes correcting, by the apparatus, the second power usage measurement based on the time difference error.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate generally to data science and data analysis, computer software and systems, and control systems to provide a platform to facilitate implementation of an interface and one or more sensors, and, more specifically, to one or more sensors that implements specialized logic to facilitate in-situ monitoring of inventories of consumables and automatic reordering of a consumable. In some examples, a method may include receiving sensor data representing usage of a device configured to process a consumable, characterizing the usage to form a characterized value, correlating data representing a unit of the consumable processed via the device to a characterized value of the usage, adjusting an amount representing an inventory of the consumable, detecting an amount of the inventory of the consumable is associated with one or more ranges of threshold values, and generating data representing a request to replenish the inventory of the consumable.

Abstract: A method of conducting measurements of a physical quantity comprising registration by two measurement instruments the value of one and the same physical quantity in the form of analog signals, converting these signals into digital form, mathematical processing of the results and subsequent conversion of digital signals into analog. Analog-digital system for conducting measurements of a physical quantity (quantum transducer or quantum converter) comprising two measurement instruments, at least one analog-digital signal transducer, a computing instrument and at least one digital-analog transducer, at that the device for performing computations is executed in the form of four functional blocks.

Abstract: The system (20) according to the invention for calculating an electric quantity relative to an electrical installation comprising several secondary electrical conductors (42A, . . . , 48C) electrically connected to a primary electrical conductor (34; 36; 38). This system comprises a first module (60) including a wireless transmitter (70) and a plurality of second modules (62A, 62B, 62C). Each second module includes first means (84A, 88A; 84B, 88B; 84C, 88C) for receiving a first synchronization message (M1) and second transmission means (84A, . . . , 88C) for sending a second message (M2A, M2B, M2C) containing at least one intensity value measured by the corresponding current sensor to a third module (63). The intensity values are measured quasi-simultaneously and the third module includes a unit (104) for calculating the electric quantity from intensity values received via said second messages.