Abstract: A cross coil type indicating instrument including a coil bobbin having first and second chambers separately formed inside, a rotary shaft to which a magnet rotor and a rotary gear are secured in the first chamber, and an eccentric shaft to which a transmission gear is secured in the second chamber so as to engage with the rotary gear. A pointer is secured to an end portion of the eccentric shaft. Further, the coil bobbin has a coil winding portion with a flat surface outside where the first chamber is formed, and two coils are wound on the coil winding portion in such a manner that they are perpendicular to each other. Hence, the coils are guided linearly when wound on the coil winding portion.

Abstract: The cross coil type meter has a magnet rotor and a stopper plate inside a coil bobbin. The magnet rotor is driven by a combined magnetic field produced by a cross coil wound on the coil bobbin. A pointer on a dial plate is attached to the magnet rotor's shaft so that it can indicate the magnitude of a measured quantity. The stopper plate engages with the magnet rotor to stop the pointer at a zero position on the dial plate. But when due to some assembly errors the stop position of the pointer and the zero position on the dial plate do not agree, the position of engagement between the magnet rotor and the stopper plate can be adjusted by manipulating the stopper plate from outside until the two positions agree.

Abstract: A cross coil-shaped indicating instrument includes a cross coil structure in which two coils are wound around a coil bobbin at right angles to each other. The coil structure is electrically charged in correspondence to the amount measured so as to form a composite magnet. A magnet rotor is disposed inside the cross coil structure. The magnet rotor has a center rotary shaft rotatable at a predetermined angle in correspondence to the composite magnetic field. A pointer is fixed to the end of the rotary shaft. In order to press the pointer into an appropriate position with respect to the rotary shaft, a pressure recess is formed in the coil bobbin so that a rod-like fixture can be inserted into the recess, and a stopper projects inside the pressure recess to press against the magnet rotor when the fixture is inserted. The stopper makes the magnet rotor stationary. While the rotary shaft remains stationary, the pointer can be fixed to an predetermined indicating position.

Abstract: The pointer of an air-core meter instrumentation gauge comprises a driven hub via which the pointer is separably attached to a driving hub on the rotor of the air core meter movement. The driving hub is press-fitted to the rotor in proper circumferential alignment so that when the pointer is attached, the pointer will be inherently properly circumferentially oriented too. This is accomplished by providing a keyed connection between the driving and driven hubs such that the pointer can be assembled to the driving hub in only one particular circumferential orientation. The hubs also have a snap-together catch feature that is additional to the keyed connection.

Abstract: An indicating instrument having a cross coil comprising a pair of mutually perpendicular coils wound on a coil bobbin for passing therethrough current changing with changes in the quantity to be measured, a magnet rotor disposed inside the coil bobbin for rotating in the direction of a magnetic field which is the combination of the respective magnetic fields generated by the cross coil, and a pointer for indicating the measured quantity which is mounted on a rotary shaft rotatable together with the magnetic rotor. In order to prevent unneccessary vibration of the rotary shaft, the rotary shaft is acted on by a damping force of a viscous liquid. The viscous liquid is accommodated in a recess formed in the upper surface of the magnet rotor, and the damping action is performed in cooperation with a damping projection projecting downward from a part of the coil bobbin.

Abstract: A movement for instrument is of thin construction. A rotatably supported shaft extends through a thin magnet and supports the magnet on it. The magnet radiates a magnetic field that varies in magnetic field strength in accordance with a sine function along a circular path about the shaft. A signal generator provides a first current and a second current. First straight conductors are disposed in a first direction parallel to the surface of the thin magnet, are laid in the magnetic field of the magnet, and are supplied with the first current through them. Second straight conductors are disposed in a second direction parallel to the surface of the magnet and transverse to the first direction. The second conductors are laid in the magnetic field of the magnet and are supplied with the second current through them. Thus, the magnet is angularly positioned in accordance with the magnitudes and directions of said first and second currents, thereby causing the pointer to indicate the angular position of the magnet.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a cross oil having a first coil winding for generating a first magnetic field when an electrical current flows therethrough and a second coil winding for generating a second magnetic field when an electrical current flows therethrough, and the second coil winding being wound so as to cross the first coil winding to each other. The cross coil comprises a mechanism for equalizing the magnitude of each of the first and second magnetic fields generated when identical electrical currents flows through each of the coil windings.The equalizing mechanism comprises the arrangement of the turns of the windings in which the individual turns are alternately wound on top of the turns for the other winding.

Abstract: An indicating gauge for automobiles for displaying the amount of a measurement on a gauge board by a movement. The movement comprises a pair of coils for generating a combined magnetic field in response to a predetermined measurement amount, a magnet rotor having a rotation shaft rotating dependent on the generated magnetic field, a counter shaft rotatably disposed in parallel to the rotating shaft, a pointer mounted on the tip of the counter shaft, a rotation gear secured to the rotation shaft and a counter gear secured to the counter shaft. To fix the pointer to 0 position of the gauge board, a stopper is provided in the counter gear. This obviates the another stopper on the gauge board. The number of parts is reduced, and assembling the gauge can be done easily.

Abstract: An armature and shaft assembly useful in gauges and stepper motors is encapsulated for ease in manufacture and diversity of application, the capsule being suitable for sealing in dampening fluids and for allowing magnetization of the armature after assembly of the capsule, providing protection against contamination by dust, etc.

Abstract: An air-core meter having a two-piece bobbin enclosing and surrounding a moveable magnet within a sealed cavity containing a damping fluid. The magnet is rotated about the axis of a supporting shaft by a plurality of orthogonally related windings disposed about the outer surface of the bobbin. The air-core meter provides improved and simplified assembly, improved reliability and reduced damage in routine operation and service through novel bearing design and bobbin structure. Furthermore, improved meter performance is provided by specific winding geometries and magnetic structure design.

Abstract: A moving coil measuring instrument wherein at least one end of the axis (3) of rotation of the moving coil (1) is supported so as to permit adjustment of that end of the axis (3) in a direction substantially perpendicular to the axis (3), such adjustment correcting for non-ideal operation of the instrument. The adjustment is effected by rotation of a support member (5, 7), defining the one end, rotatably mounted in a frame member (9) of the instrument, the support member (5,7) defining the one end at a location displaced from the axis (31, 37) of rotation of the support member (5, 7).

Abstract: A wye-type air-core gauge system provides magnitude indications of measurands in response to PWM signals generated by a control unit that receives electrical signals from a sensor that represents magnitude variations of the measurand. The size of the stator coils of the gauge makes possible a very low profile gauge suitable for mounting in an instrument cluster.

Abstract: An air-core gauge containing interwoven cross-coil stator windings that permit interchanging the stator windings of equal radii and still achieve rotor meter movement that coincide directly with desired needle movement over a dial containing linear magnitude graduations.

Abstract: A control arrangement including a computer-based controller and bipolar driver for bidirectional current control of air core gauge coils by pulse-width-modulation (PWM). The computer-based controller processes input information to determine the desired deflection of the pointer, and looks-up previously stored PWM duty cycle commands for energizing the gauge coils. The bipolar drivers modulate the polarity of the voltage applied to the coils in accordance with the duty cycle commands. Since the drivers are bipolar, a zero strength magnetic field vector is achieved with a duty cycle command of 50 percent. This eliminates discontinuities in the region of zero strength magnetic field vector, and avoids the requirement of generating duty cycles of 0 percent and 100 percent to achieve a full 360 degrees of pointer deflection. Potential discontinuities in the generation of the duty cycles due to input data processing requirements is eliminated by scaling the duty cycles into the range of (DELTA)% to (100-DELTA)%.

Abstract: A driving circuit for driving a crossed-coil type instrument used for reading a physical quantity in which a pair of windings surrounding a movable magnet carrying a pointer needle thereon are disposed to cross each other with a predetermined mechanical angle. The driving circuit comprises a digital data conversion circuit supplied with an electrical signal representing the physical quantity to be measured for producing a digital data representing the electrical signal, a pulse data producing circuit supplied with the digital data for producing a number of pulses in correspondence with the digital data, and a drive signal generating circuit supplied with the pulses for generating first and second analog drive signals therefrom. The driving signals are respectively supplied to the first and second windings for moving the magnet disposed in the first and second windings.

Abstract: A vane-type galvanometer employs a stator having a unibody type structure. Narrow bridge regions of the stator are magnetically saturated to produce regions of high magnetic reluctance and salient magnetic poles in the stator. A pre-wound bobbin is mounted to the stator for generating a control flux to thereby exert a torque on a vane armature.

Abstract: A stepping motor with a permanently magnetized rotor disc mounted on a shaft and with at least one air-core coil for the excitation of a magnetic field. Each coil has been wound in a plane in which the normal to the windings of each coil is perpendicular to the rotor shaft, and in which the rotor disc intersects each coilwinding plane.

Abstract: In a cross-coil moving-magnet measuring instrument having an approximately cylindrical core developed as winding form, a first coil and a second coil are wound crosswise one over the other. The second coil is necessarily arranged over the first coil in the region of the ends of the winding form and thus has a greater height of turn than the latter. Within the core there is furthermore mounted a moving magnet whose pointer shaft is brought out from an extension of the core. In order to reduce the errors in linearity of this measuring instrument and to permit a display over several quadrants, spacing elements are arranged on the core, they serving to guide turns of the coil, spaced from the extension of an core, around the latter in planes which are at right angles to each other.

Abstract: A first magnet is mounted for rotation near a cavity of a magnetizable body such that the first magnet has a null position influenced by magnetic interaction between said first magnet and at least two pole pieces of the magnetizable body. The magnetizable body has a core associated with a source of magnetic energy to induce magnetism within the core and the pole pieces and thereby alter the null position of the first magnet. Various embodiments of the invention include: analog meter mechanisms; actuators; transducers; proximity and position indicators; and other devices.

Abstract: An air core gauge having orthogonally related coils that react with a rotor magnet to angularly position an indicating pointer, suitable for use as either a pressure,temperature, or fuel gauge. All-attitude pointer zero return is achieved with a stationary magnet, and voltage regulation is eliminated with a zener diode in series with one of the coils.

Abstract: An air core electrical gauge incorporates on the bobbin an annular biasing magnet magnetized in a direction to return the meter pointer to zero in the absence of a gauge driving current. A method of manufacturing the gauge includes magnetizing the biasing magnet after it is secured to a bobbin portion but optionally magnetizing the guage armature at the same time.

Abstract: The electrical measuring meter comprises a polarized motor magnet mounted for movement to and from a starting position, a polarized holding magnet operative magnetically to influence the motor magnet constantly towards such starting position, and a calibrating element magnetized by the holding magnet to effect a partial cancellation of the holding magnet's influence on the motor magnet as is needed for calibration. The calibrating element preferably is in the form of a soft iron circular disc, and soft iron discs of different sizes are used to calibrate the meter for respective different maximum scale current values. Also, the high magnetic permeability of the soft iron disc enables the use of a rugged and economical sleeve bearing mount for the motor magnet even in a meter calibrated for low current measurement.

Abstract: The zero position in a sine cosine indicator for a tachometer is determined by a projection on the magnetized rotor arranged to encounter a stop projecting from the enclosing bobbin wall. A weak stationary secondary magnet is located adjacent the rotor with the magnetic axis of the secondary magnet rotated through an angle less than full scale from the magnetic axis of the rotor when the rotor is in the zero position. Alignment and crossover between the two magnetic axes is arranged to occur when the pointer associated with the rotor is approximately at midscale. Consequently any distortion of the scale to either side of the crossover point is in opposite directions and the overall appearance of the scale to the casual observer is linear.

Abstract: In a crossed-coil rotating-magnet measuring instrument having an approximately cylindrical core developed as winding form, a first and second coil are wound crossed one above the other. The second coil is necessarily arranged over the first coil in the regin of the ends of the winding form and thus has a greater height of winding than the latter. Within the core there is also provided a rotating magnet whose pointer shaft is extended out of an extension of the core. In order to reduce the linearity error of this measuring instrument and to permit a reading over several quadrants, spacer means are provided on the core for guiding turns of the coil spaced from the extension of the core around the latter in a rectangular plane in each case.

Abstract: An air core meter movement having return-to-zero means. Permanent magnets mounted within the deflection coils provide a field which interacts with the rotor magnet to return the pointer to zero when no power is applied to the meter. A compensating coil is also included to counteract the effects of the permanent magnets when measurable signals are applied to the deflection coils.

Abstract: A remote indicator displays data contained in a transmitted signal by angular displacement of a rotor. In essence, the indicator comprises a rotatably mounted magnetic rotor, a plurality of controllable magnetic field generators disposed circumferentially around the rotor, and appropriate selection circuitry. A sector selection circuit responsive to the transmitted data selectively enables at proper polarity a plurality of generators appropriate for controlling the rotor within the sector representative of the data, and an angle selection circuit responsive to the transmitted data alternately drives selected generators by electrical pulses time modulated to drive the rotor within the sector to the angular position representative of the transmitted data. Distortions due to residual magnetism are substantially eliminated by the use of AC pulsing, and non-linear salient pole effects are eliminated through the use of look-up table techniques.

Abstract: An easily calibrated indicating device for monitoring pressures or other parameters that vary, comprising a housing having a scale plate with indicia representing a range of values, and an indicating member movable over the scale plate, for designating various values thereon. A driving permanent magnet is movable in the housing, and responds to changes in the parameter being measured. A movable follower permanent magnet is also provided in the housing, for reacting with the driving magnet, the follower magnet in turn being connected to the indicating member so as to shift the same in response to movement of the driving magnet. A third, trim or calibration permanent magnet is provided, which alters the reaction between the first two magnets, thereby enabling either an expansion or else a contraction of the range of movement of the indicator member to be had as it responds to a predetermined change in the condition being measured.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a moving-magnet meter movement wherein frame structure to pivotally support the moving element also includes coil-supporting bobbin structure, so that a fixedly mounted coil can be wound directly on the frame structure after assembly of all moving parts including the needle pointer of the moving element. The frame structure is also so arranged in laterally offset relation to the bobbin region that terminals with separate terminal-strip elements can project laterally further from the bobbin region and outward of the frame structure, whereby coil lead and/or other circuit-element connections within the meter can be made in laterally projecting regions of the terminal-strip elements, thus enabling a single dip-soldering operation to consolidate all electrical connections. Other features are described.

Abstract: A galvanometer-type motor for driving an optical element to deflect or otherwise modulate a radiant energy beam, the motor having a favorable mass-to-torque ratio that renders it capable of oscillating at a high-frequency rate and of performing other movements in accordance with an input current. The motor includes a permanent magnet rotor and a soft magnetic stator having a pair of split pole pieces extending from a pair of arms that are joined by a bridge forming the core of a field coil. The split pole pieces are disposed on opposite sides of the rotor whose axis of rotation is centered with respect thereto, the rotor being supported for rotation by means including a torsion spring acting to return the rotor to its neutral rest position. In the neutral position, the split poles of each piece straddle the end poles of the rotor on the related side thereof.

Abstract: A time-constant circuit is employed for gradually decreasing the voltage of an input signal carrying information to be indicated by a deflecting coil type meter so that the voltage of an input signal applied to the following driving stage does not abruptly drop to zero although the power switch of the driving circuit is turned off. A timer circuit responsive to the power switch energizes a relay or a switching circuit to supply the driving stage with electrical power not only for the time that the power switch is on but also for an additional interval after the power switch is turned off so that the driving stage is capable of being responsive to the gradually decreasing voltage causing the pointer of the meter to return to the zero point.

Abstract: An automatically resettable fault indicator includes a rotatably-mounted target viewable from the exterior of the indicator for indicating circuit status. The target is positioned in a reset-indicating state by a reset circuit which periodically energizes a first winding to position a permanent magnet mounted for rotation with the target. Upon occurrence of a fault circuitry within the indicator energizes a second winding to reposition the target to a fault-indicating position. A delay circuit in the fault-responsive circuitry prevents simultaneous energization of the first and second windings, and an auxiliary pole piece associated with the main pole piece assists in repositioning the target to the fault-indicating position, for improved performance and reliability in responding to fault currents.

Abstract: This invention relates to the modification of a moving magnet type of a direct current reading meter wherein by the addition of an electro-magnetic coil, the permanent magnet of the meter is influenced by the magnetic field of the coil with respect to the current flow to provide a reading to indicate full scale values of a much lower current value than that of the basic movement of the meter.

Abstract: An electromagnetic device is disclosed for use in a polygraph instrument for moving a recording pen in response to sensed electric current. The device includes a movable magnet that is rotated by a magnetic field produced by the sensed current flowing through the coil of an electromagnet. Null magnets are releasably held at selected positions and in a particular arrangement relative to the movable magnet and have their respective magnetic field strengths and positions such that they automatically return the movable magnet to a null position when the current being sensed is removed from the coil.

Abstract: There is disclosed a moving magnet meter of inexpensive construction which has the greater sensitivity, linearity and immunity from extraneous fields of moving coil meters. The rotor consists of a closed magnetic circuit through which a permanent magnet flux flows. The flux intersects the turns of a stationary coil through which the current to be measured flows, part of the closed magnetic circuit rotating within the coil. The strength and area of the permanent magnet flux which intersects the coil is substantially constant throughout an operating angle for the rotor of at least 90.degree.. The return torque for the rotor is derived from a stationary permanent magnet which interacts with the rotor flux and provides a return torque which varies linearly with the rotor angle.

Abstract: A command bar gives pitch and roll commands to an aircraft pilot. The command bar is carried on a magnet assembly which is supported to pivot on a pair of perpendicular edges that correspond to the pitch and roll axes. A permanent bar magnet included in the assembly has its opposite ends received within bobbins on which coils are wound. The coils are arranged in a plurality of separate tiers located above and below the ends of the magnet. Fields are generated by the coils to selectively deflect the magnet in a manner to effect pitch and roll movement of the command bar.

Abstract: For driving exposure control vanes in photographic equipment in response to ariations in the quantity of light, a moving magnet type instrument has a magnet which is positioned proximate a fixed field coil wound on a two piece frame. The magnet is formed as a unitary component of magnetic material and plastic material interlocked against separation, and is arranged for displacement in bearings in the frame proximate which a magnet biassing material is arranged to urge the magnet into a position whereby the supported vane is maintained at a relatively constant spacing with respect to a fixed camera component.

Abstract: A magnetic metering system comprising a transversely magnetized cylinder carrying a radially extending pointer and mounted for axial rotation between a diametrically disposed pair of biasing magnets and a diametrically disposed pair of solenoid coils, and rotation compensating means disposed between the biasing magnets and the solenoid coils for providing the cylinder and pointer with an angular movement proportional to changes in a current flowing through the solenoid coils.

Abstract: An air core meter movement having return-to-zero means. Permanent magnets mounted within the deflection coils provide a field which interacts with the rotor magnet to return the pointer to zero when no power is applied to the meter. A compensating coil is also included to counteract the effects of the permanent magnets when measurable signals are applied to the deflection coils.