Abstract: A signal processing circuit for a measurement instrument is described. The signal processing circuit includes an analysis circuit, a measurement input, and at least two parallel measurement channels. The parallel measurement channels are configured to process the input signal, thereby generating first and second complex-valued measurement signals. The analysis circuit is configured to determine first and second error quantities associated with the first and second complex-valued measurement signals, respectively. The analysis circuit is configured to determine a complex-valued average signal corresponding to a combined average of the first and second complex-valued measurement signals. The analysis circuit is configured to determine a combined error quantity based on the complex-valued average signal. The analysis circuit is configured to determine a comparison quantity based on the combined error quantity as well as based on the first error quantity and/or the second error quantity.

Abstract: A user controlled mobile device for use in countering phantom billing fraud in connection with receiving or providing health care services includes one or more components capturing and outputting biometric data and location data, and a data storage device holding an event record created without explicit user intervention indicating whether the particular user was at the particular location, the event record including a timestamp corresponding to events at or near a time of the timestamp including a time of capture of the biometric and location data, the biometric data and location data, where the stored event record serves as the personal audit trail evidencing an existence or absence of phantom billing.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to methods, systems and apparatus for performing electrophysiological measurements utilizing three or more electrodes attached to a patient. The system in various embodiments may include three or more electrodes attached to the patient and at least one analog-to-digital converter with external circuitry electrically coupled to the electrodes. The system may further include a microprocessor for driving the analog-to-digital conversion process, various inputs and variable frequency current outputs electrically coupled to the microprocessor for receiving signals from the electrodes and sending driven current signals to the electrodes.

Abstract: In the measurement device 1, a reception sensitivity test control unit 18 ends throughput measurement of a CC using a throughput measurement unit 18b in a case where an end determination unit 18c1 determines that any of a plurality of CCs has reached a measurement end condition, and calculates a total status obtained by integrating a determination result for each CC using a total status calculation unit 18c2 by performing each “PASS” or “FAIL” determination for a remaining CC. Since an output level variable setting unit 18d performs a process of setting a next output level for the CC that has not reached the measurement end condition based on the total status, a control is performed to continue a reception sensitivity test until all CCs reach a measurement end condition.

Abstract: Methods and systems for harmonic intermodulation testing are presently disclosed. The test system includes a signal generator configured to generate a test signal having a first frequency. The test system also includes an antenna system configured to transmit a representation of the test signal and receive a harmonic intermodulation signal. The test system also includes a filter configured to remove signals, from a representation of the harmonic intermodulation signal, over a bandwidth that includes the first frequency. The test system also includes an analysis unit configured to measure a power level of a second frequency contained in the representation of the harmonic intermodulation signal. The analysis unit is also configured to determine a passive intermodulation magnitude at any order based on the power level of second frequency.

Abstract: A user controlled mobile device for use in countering phantom billing fraud in connection with receiving health care services includes one or more components capturing and outputting biometric data and location data, a processor configured to determine a confidence score, and a data storage device holding an event record created without explicit user intervention indicating whether the particular user was at the particular location, the event record including the confidence score, a timestamp corresponding to events at or near a time of the timestamp including a time of capture of the biometric and location data, the biometric data and location data, where the stored event record serves as the personal audit trail evidencing an existence or absence of phantom billing.

Abstract: A signal measurement device and method are provided for receiving an RF input signal using frequency sweeping. The method includes determining RMS power levels of a noise floor of the signal measurement device at respective frequencies from a start frequency to a stop frequency of a swept frequency range; determining values of resolution bandwidths corresponding to the frequencies, the values of the resolution bandwidths being inversely proportional to the RMS power levels of the noise floor at the respective frequencies; performing frequency sweeping from the start frequency to the stop frequency to receive the RF input signal at the signal measurement device; and implementing the determined values of the resolution bandwidths corresponding to the frequencies while performing the frequency sweeping.

Abstract: A mobile device for use by a health care recipient in countering phantom billing fraud in connection with receiving health care services. A sensor bank comprises components capturing and outputting biometric data corresponding to the health care recipient and components capturing and outputting location data of the health care recipient. A sensor fusion component receives the biometric data and the location data and determines a confidence score that a particular user indicated by the biometric data was at a particular location indicated by the location information. An event record creator compiles the location data, the biometric data and the confidence score to create an event record evidencing the whereabouts of the health care recipient at a particular time.

Abstract: A sound processing device includes a processor configured to generate a first frequency spectrum of a first sound signal corresponding to a first sound received at a first input device and a second frequency spectrum of a second sound signal corresponding to the first sound received at a second input device, calculate a transfer characteristic based on a first difference between an intensity of the first frequency spectrum and an intensity of the second frequency spectrum, generate a third frequency spectrum of a third sound signal transmitted from the first input device and a fourth frequency spectrum of a fourth sound signal transmitted from the second input device, specify a suppression level of an intensity of the fourth frequency spectrum based on a second difference between an intensity of the third frequency spectrum and an intensity of the fourth frequency spectrum.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic measurement device and a method for operating the electronic measurement device. The electronic measurement device comprises a signal generating unit which is configured to generate a signal that is applied to an input node of a device under test. The electronic measurement device comprises a controlling unit which is configured to control the signal generating unit in that the generated signal is at least adjustable in its signal frequency. Furthermore, the electronic measurement device comprises at least a receiving unit, wherein the receiving unit retrieves a signal from an output node of the device under test in time domain.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, a signal analyzer includes at least one noise reduction system in the form of an adaptive noise reduction system. The adaptive noise reduction system executes an adaptive noise floor extension (NFE) procedure that includes determining a predicted standard deviation of a response by the signal analyzer to intrinsic noise in the signal analyzer when various signal processing parameters desired by a user are applied to an input signal. The predicted standard deviation is then used in the signal analyzer to select and apply various noise subtraction values upon the input signal before displaying of a signal spectrum of the input signal upon a display of the signal analyzer. The adaptive NFE procedure is directed at reducing or eliminating various ambiguities and/or errors in the displayed signal spectrum.

Abstract: Embodiments of synchronous detection circuits and methods are provided for extracting magnitude and phase information from a waveform. One embodiment of a synchronous detection circuit includes a driver circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a controller. The driver circuit is configured to supply an input waveform at an input frequency to a load. The ADC is coupled to receive an output waveform from the load, and configured for generating four digital samples, each spaced 90° apart, for every period of the output waveform. The controller is configured for setting an oversampling rate (OSR) of the ADC, so that the ADC generates an integer number, M, of sub-samples for each digital sample generated by the ADC, where the integer number, M, of sub-samples is inversely proportional to the input frequency of the input waveform. The controller is further configured to use the digital samples generated by the ADC to extract magnitude and phase information from the output waveform.

Abstract: Embodiments of synchronous detection circuits and methods are provided for extracting magnitude and phase information from a waveform. One embodiment of a synchronous detection circuit includes a driver circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a controller. The driver circuit is configured to supply an input waveform at an input frequency to a load. The ADC is coupled to receive an output waveform from the load, and configured for generating four digital samples, each spaced 90° apart, for every period of the output waveform. The controller is configured for setting an oversampling rate (OSR) of the ADC, so that the ADC generates an integer number, M, of sub-samples for each digital sample generated by the ADC, where the integer number, M, of sub-samples is inversely proportional to the input frequency of the input waveform. The controller is further configured to use the digital samples generated by the ADC to extract magnitude and phase information from the output waveform.

Abstract: A detection device includes: a drive circuit which receives a feedback signal from a physical quantity transducer and drives the physical quantity transducer; a detection circuit which receives a detection signal from the physical quantity transducer and detects a desired signal; and a control unit which controls switching on/off of an AGC loop in the drive circuit. The drive circuit outputs a drive signal based on a control voltage that is set by the AGC loop in an on-period of the AGC loop to the physical quantity transducer and thus drives the physical quantity transducer in an off-period of the AGC loop.

Abstract: A method for recovering a sparse signal of a finite field may include: updating discrete probability information of a target signal element of the finite field and discrete probability information of a measurement signal element of the finite field by exchanging the discrete probability information of the target signal element with the discrete probability information of the measurement signal element a predetermined number of times, wherein the target signal element and the measurement signal element are related to each other; calculating a final posteriori probability based on a priori probability of the target signal element and the discrete probability information of the measurement signal element, acquired as the exchange result; and recovering the target signal by performing maximum posteriori estimation to maximize the final posteriori probability.

Abstract: Provided is a method, non-transitory computer program product and system for an improved noise suppression technique for speech enhancement. It operates on speech signals from a single source such as either the output from a single microphone or the reconstructed speech signal at the receiving end of a communication application. The system performs background noise monitoring of an in-coming speech signal and determines its level, and performs a time domain gain calculation. The noise suppressed output signal is the gain shaped original speech signal.

Abstract: A wideband four noise parameter extraction method uses randomly distributed source states; the data are collected using wideband electro-mechanical tuners and noise and small signal receivers (network analyzers) in fast frequency sweeps; because of the random nature of source impedances reliable noise parameter values are extracted using selected source admittance states, distinctly regrouped in a cluster around the reflection factor associated with the optimum noise figure Fmin and a cluster located anti-diametric to it for determining the equivalent noise resistance Rn. Multiple noise parameter extractions for all possible cross-combinations of source impedance states in each cluster at each measured frequency allows reliable and physically meaningful generation of wideband noise parameters, even for very low noise and potentially unstable DUT's.

Abstract: A multi-function sensor apparatus includes multiple sensing electrodes and a control circuit adapted to receive signals from each of the sensing electrodes and to deem whether the sensing electrodes are in a touched state or an untouched state. The control circuit also is adapted to selectively provide an output based on the sensor's states and the manner in which the sensors came to be in such states.

Abstract: A variable impedance device includes a passive tuner that includes at least one variable component, which is controllable to apply a variable impedance value to an input signal of the passive tuner. A low noise amplifier is configured to supply the input signal to the passive tuner by amplifying an input RF (radio frequency) signal.

Abstract: An apparatus relating to on-chip noise measurement is disclosed. In such an apparatus, an asynchronous comparator receives a first input and a second input to provide a digital output. A threshold voltage generator receives a first periodic signal and a second periodic signal to provide the second input as an analog voltage responsive to the first and second periodic signals. A sampling circuit is coupled to receive the digital output signal and a third periodic signal. The sampling circuit is configured to sample the digital output signal using the third periodic signal to provide a sampled signal of the digital output signal. A processor is coupled to receive a delay signal and the sampled signal to determine a noise measurement signal for the first input signal.

Abstract: Depending on a sensor signal, a noise signal which suppresses a useful signal spectrum of the sensor signal is determined by filtering using a filter. A noise variable, which is a measure of a noise of the sensor signal, is determined depending on the noise signal. An error of the sensor signal is identified depending on the noise variable determined.

Abstract: A monitoring circuit and method, wherein a voltage waveform having a linear falling edge is applied to a first node of at least one test memory cell (e.g., a plurality of test memory cells connected in parallel). The input voltage at the first node is captured when the output voltage at a second node of the test memory cell(s) rises above a high reference voltage during the falling edge. Then, a difference is determined between the input voltage as captured and either (1) the output voltage at the second node, as captured when the input voltage at the first node falls below the first reference voltage during the falling edge, or (2) a low reference voltage. This difference is proportional to the static noise margin (SNM) of the test memory cell(s) such that any changes in the difference noted with repeated monitoring are indicative of corresponding changes in the SNM.

Abstract: A communication apparatus and an associated estimation method are provided. The communication apparatus is electrically connected to a loading terminal and operates at a common bias voltage. The communication apparatus includes a transmitter, a connector, and a receiver. The connector includes a bridging circuit and a measurement circuit. The bridging circuit has a positive measurement end and a negative measurement end. The transmitter transmits an analog output signal. The receiver receives a common bias voltage during an estimation process. During the estimation process, the measurement circuit estimates a positive loading resistance and a negative loading resistance corresponding to the loading terminal according to a voltage difference between the common bias voltage and voltage at one of the positive measurement end and the negative measurement end.

Abstract: A method for detection of false positive condition that an object is in contact with an implement in a power tool includes sampling an electrical signal received from the implement, identifying in-phase and a quadrature components of the sampled electrical signal, identifying a magnitude of each of the samples with reference to the in-phase component and the quadrature component for the samples, detecting an object approaching the implement with reference to the plurality of samples, identifying a signal-to-noise ratio for the samples, and identifying a false positive condition for the detected object with reference to the identified signal-to-noise ratio for the identified samples.

Abstract: A noise figure deriving device is provided to precisely obtain the noise figure (NF) of a receiver. The noise figure deriving device includes a first NF deriving unit that derives a first noise figure, which is a noise figure when a predetermined receiver-side pin pin1R is connected to a receiver, based on a ratio Y of one power to the other power of two types of reference noise. The noise figure deriving device also includes a second NF deriving unit that derives a second noise figure, which is a noise figure when receiver-side pins pin2R, pin3R, and pin4R are connected to the receiver, based on an inter-measurement-device-side-terminal difference and the first noise figure. The inter-measurement-device-side-terminal difference is a difference between the first noise figure and the second noise figure.

Abstract: To reduce the pixel size to the smallest dimensions and simplest form of operation, a pixel may be formed by using only one ion sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET). This one-transistor, or 1T, pixel can provide gain by converting the drain current to voltage in the column. Configurable pixels can be created to allow both common source read out as well as source follower read out. A plurality of the 1T pixels may form an array, having a number of rows and a number of columns and a column readout circuit in each column.

Abstract: In a low voltage differential-mode signaling (LVDS) test system and method, a positive signal waveform and a negative signal waveform of an LVDS signal pair are obtained. A differential-mode high voltage, a differential-mode low voltage, and a common-mode noise are measured according to the positive signal waveform and the negative signal waveform. The measurement results are output to an output device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a test device for an analog circuit to be mounted on a mixed circuit including said analog circuit and a synchronous digital circuit. The test device includes a disturbance emulator connected to a first supply source (UrefD) capable of disturbing a second supply source (UrefA) of the analog circuit, the first and second supply sources being optionally merged, the emulator being adapted for receiving data representative of the evolution, during a given duration, of the average (?I) and the typical deviation (?I) of a first inrush current (I) that would be applied to the first supply source by the digital circuit, and being adapted for applying to the first supply source during successive intervals, each successive interval having said duration, a second inrush current (Irep) equal to the sum of the average and of the product of the typical deviation and of a pseudo-random signal varying according to a Gaussian law.

Abstract: A variable impedance device includes a passive tuner that includes at least one variable component, which is controllable to apply a variable impedance value to an input signal of the passive tuner. A low noise amplifier is configured to supply the input signal to the passive tuner by amplifying an input RF (radio frequency) signal.

Abstract: An integrated circuit capable of on-chip jitter tolerance measurement includes a jitter generator circuit to produce a controlled amount of jitter that is injected into at least one clock signal, and a receive circuit to sample an input signal according to the at least one clock signal. The sampled data values output from the receiver are used to evaluate the integrated circuit's jitter tolerance.

Abstract: Radio frequency integrated circuits with on-chip noise source for use in the performance of tests and/or calibrations. A radio frequency integrated circuit includes at least one noise source residing on the radio frequency integrated circuit, the noise source being controllable by a digital input, and a radio frequency circuit residing on the radio frequency integrated circuit and being coupled to the noise source, wherein at least one attribute of the radio frequency circuit is determinable by controlling the noise source via the digital input.

Abstract: A signal acquisition circuit detects a wanted signal in a composite signal containing the wanted signal and an unwanted signal, where the highest frequency in the unwanted signal is higher than the highest frequency in the wanted signal. A sensor captures the composite signal and an analog-to-digital converter samples and converts the composite signal to digital format, and a filter subtracts the unwanted signal from the composite signal. The sampled signal contains a first component containing the sum of the wanted signal and the unwanted signal sampled at a first rate at least equal to the Nyquist rate for the wanted signal but less than a second rate that is at least equal to the Nyquist rate for the unwanted signal, and a second component containing the unwanted signal sampled at the second rate.

Abstract: An integrated circuit capable of on-chip jitter tolerance measurement includes a jitter generator circuit to produce a controlled amount of jitter that is injected into at least one clock signal, and a receive circuit to sample an input signal according to the at least one clock signal. The sampled data values output from the receiver are used to evaluate the integrated circuit's jitter tolerance.

Abstract: A noise measurement system in a power stabilization network, a variable filter applied to the power stabilization network, and a method for measuring noise in the power stabilization network are provided. A power line communication signal from the power stabilization network is attenuated relative to a particular frequency using a filter in order to allow the power line communication signal to operate within an input range of an Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) measurer. A signal from a forbidden frequency band is transmitted to the EMI measurer without any attenuation or influence on a noise floor.

Abstract: Device for providing electrical signals with high immunity to noise. The invention develops a device for processing electrical signals (100) coming from a measurement sensor (60), said sensor (60) being subjected to noise disturbances caused by radio interference and lightning effects, such that said device uses a single current-loop cable (70), through which passes the electrical signal (100) encoded according to the signal time (Ta) and repetition time (Tr) of the current wave of said signal (100), such that said signal (100) contains an upper current state (10) and a lower current state (20) whose values are outside the decision window that activates a reading device (4) in the device, which reads the electrical signal (100) coming from the sensor.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for determining a calibration value indicating the extent of loss of calibration of a group of three or more sensors in a sensor network, the method involving receiving a plurality of data values captured over a period of time by each of the sensors, determining by a processing unit (404) at least one correlation value associated with each sensor, each correlation value corresponding to the correlation between the data values captured by the associated sensor and the data values captured by at least one other sensor; extracting by a high pass filter (410) a noise component of the correlation values and outputting the calibration value determined based on the difference between the noise component and a reference noise value.

Abstract: A system transmits electric signals, electric energy or media over short distances between units movable relative to each other. The system has at least one first unit disposed along the trajectory of the movement and at least one second unit disposed for movement relative to the first unit. A diagnosis unit is associated with at least one of the units to detect the condition of at least one of said movable units and signals that detected condition to a central control unit.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present description a method for determining selected parameters of a noise characterization equation which describes a noise performance of a device as a function of a controllable variable of the device is provided. The method includes selecting a number of different values of the controllable variable of the device, the number of different values being equal to or larger than the number of parameters that are to be determined; measuring the noise performance of the device for the different values; utilizing the noise characterization equation to set up a number of independent relations which relate the parameters with the measurement results, the number of independent relations being equal to the number of parameters that are to be determined; and determining the parameters from the relations.

Abstract: One of the objects of the present invention is to precisely obtain the noise figure (NF) of a receiver. A noise figure deriving device includes a first NF deriving unit that derives a first noise figure, which is a noise figure when a predetermined receiver-side pin pin1R is connected to a receiver, based on a ratio Y of one power to the other power of two types of reference noise, which are different from each other in a level, are output from a reference noise source an excessive noise ratio of which is known, and are measured by the receiver when the two types of reference noise are fed as input signals to the receiver via the predetermined receiver-side pin pin1R and the excessive noise ratio of the reference noise source, and a second NF deriving unit that derives a second noise figure, which is a noise figure when receiver-side pins pin2R, pin3R, and pin4R are connected to the receiver, based on an inter-measurement-device-side-terminal difference and the first noise figure.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method and device of dynamically adjusting the operating voltage of a network integrated circuit including the steps of detecting and ranking the signal-to-noise ratio of N ports to single out a port for arbitration, dynamically controlling the operating voltage according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration, decreasing the operating voltage by a voltage unit when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is greater than a first threshold, increasing the operating voltage to a default operating voltage when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is smaller than the first threshold, decreasing the operating voltage by a voltage unit when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is greater than a second threshold, and increasing the operating voltage by a voltage unit when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is smaller than the second threshold.

Abstract: A power noise detecting device includes a plurality of power lines, and a power noise detecting part configured to detect power noise by rectifying voltages of the plurality of power lines and converting the rectified voltages into effective voltages.

Abstract: A system for testing radio frequency (RF) communications of a device capable of such communications is provided. The system includes a chamber for isolating the device from RF interference, an antenna that is suitable for RF communications with the device wherein the antenna is capable of communications over a range of frequencies, the antenna being located within the chamber, and a digital communication link for providing non-RF communications with the device.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method and device of dynamically adjusting the operating voltage of a network integrated circuit including the steps of detecting and ranking the signal-to-noise ratio of N ports to single out a port for arbitration, dynamically controlling the operating voltage according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration, decreasing the operating voltage by a voltage unit when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is greater than a first threshold, increasing the operating voltage to a default operating voltage when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is smaller than the first threshold, decreasing the operating voltage by a voltage unit when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is greater than a second threshold, and increasing the operating voltage by a voltage unit when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is smaller than the second threshold.

Abstract: A method of inspecting a stack body of at least a porous layer and a dense layer comprises the first step of measuring the length of the stack body before the stack body is fired, the second step of measuring the length of the stack body after the stack body is fired, the third step of calculating a shrinkage rate of the stack body based on a first measured value from the first step and a second measured value from the second step, the fourth step of determining whether the calculated shrinkage rate of the stack body is acceptable or not based on the calculated shrinkage rate, the fifth step of calculating an S/N ratio of the stack body based on the first measured value and the second measured value, and the sixth step of determining whether the current-voltage characteristics of the stack body are acceptable or not based on the calculated S/N ratio.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method and device of dynamically adjusting the operating voltage of a network integrated circuit including the steps of detecting and ranking the signal-to-noise ratio of N ports to single out a port for arbitration, dynamically controlling the operating voltage according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration, decreasing the operating voltage by a voltage unit when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is greater than a first threshold, increasing the operating voltage to a default operating voltage when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is smaller than the first threshold, decreasing the operating voltage by a voltage unit when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is greater than a second threshold, and increasing the operating voltage by a voltage unit when the signal-to-noise ratio of the port for arbitration is smaller than the second threshold.

Abstract: A method for measuring the noise factor (FDUT) of a device under test, which requires exclusively a network analyzer. The noise factor (FDUT) is calculated from the internal noise (NNWA) of the network analyzer determined in a calibration process, the power amplification (GDUT) of the device under test determined by measuring the S-parameters of the device under test, and the measured value (PNOISE) of the noise output (NNWA) applied at a first gate of the device under test without exciting the device under test with a noise signal.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and computer program are provided for controller performance monitoring in a process control system. A level of disturbance associated with the process system is determined, and at least one value identifying a stability measure of a controller in the process system is determined using the determined level of disturbance and operating data associated with operation of the process system. The at least one value is compared to at least one threshold value, and a problem with the controller is identified based on the comparison. As an example, the process system could represent a product production system. Also, the operating data could include at least one of: measurement data from one or more sensors and control data for one or more actuators. The controller may be operable to receive the measurement data and generate the control data.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system, a method and apparatus for noise estimation of a received OFDM communication signal, wherein the signal comprises a data frame with a preamble having at least one long training field (LTF) containing two substantially similar OFDM symbols, comprise examining the LTF for substantially similar OFDM symbols. The noise power in the signal is estimated and the received signal power is measured. The signal to noise ratio is calculated and the signal power is determined by subtracting the noise power from the signal noise.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and methods for demonstrating cable performance in real time. An apparatus may include a cable bundle of multiple disturber cables and a test cable arranged proximate one another, each coupled between a pair of data transceivers. A data loading device is configured to generate data for transmission across at least one of the disturber cables and the test cable, and a transmission data analyzer is configured to analyze data transmission performance of the test cable.

Abstract: An analysis circuit in an electromagnetic flowmeter provides diagnostic operating conditions and identifies one or more of the diagnostic operating conditions for which the coil current is stable during a sample interval. A diagnostic operating condition is selected as a measurement operating condition as a function of a noise floor measurements of the electrode voltage.