Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly and a method for measuring electrical and dielectric properties of a material having dielectric properties which vary over time, with a sensor that generates an electrical field interacting with the material and which is connected indirectly or directly to a signal generator. The signal generator generates an excitation signal that can be applied to the sensor which is able to generate a sensor signal depending on the electrical and dielectric properties of the material. An analog-digital converter converts the excitation signal and the sensor signal or analog signals derived therefrom into a digital excitation signal and digital sensor signal which can be supplied to a processor-based evaluation unit. The signal generator generates a multifrequency signal with a predetermined bandwidth as the excitation signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a signal isolating test instrument, such as an electronics test probe. The instrument includes an input to receive a floating analog signal. An upconverter is employed to modulate the floating analog signal to a microwave frequency analog signal. An isolation barrier in the instrument prevents coupling of the floating analog signal to an earth ground. The instrument employs a microwave structure to transmit the microwave frequency analog signal across the isolation barrier via electromagnetic coupling. A downconverter is then employed to demodulate the microwave frequency analog signal to obtain a ground referenced test signal corresponding to the floating analog signal.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a surgical instrument capable of locally applying microwaves to a minute biological tissue. It has been found that microwaves can be transmitted to a tip of a tapered coaxial body (9) and that microwaves are radiated from the entire central conductor exposed in a major axis direction by decreasing a sectional area (preferably diameter) of a central conductor (1) and a sectional area (preferably inner diameter) of an external conductor gradually or in a step-by-step manner with a ratio between the sectional area (diameter) of the central conductor (1) and the sectional area (inner diameter) of the external conductor being set to be constant, thereby achieving the present invention.

Abstract: A system for remote moisture monitoring and control includes: a measurement vehicle, including a vehicle body, a vehicle control unit, a transmitter antenna, and a receiver antenna; a moisture control server, including a processor, a non-transitory memory, an input/output, and antenna manager, a multi spectrum analyzer, a sensor manager, an irrigation manager, a soil simulator and a data bus; a vehicle storage facility; an irrigation controller; irrigation valves; a mobile control device; ground sensors. Also disclosed is a method including piloting measurement vehicle; obtaining moisture measurements, including controlling outbound transmission, determining reflected power, calculating dielectric constant via reflection calculation, determining soil moisture via lookup in soil calibration table; obtaining sensor measurements; calculating soil model; and adjusting irrigation.

Abstract: A water level measuring device for measuring a water level on a road surface includes a reflection member disposed in the road surface, the reflection member having a reflection surface that is parallel to the road surface, the reflection surface having a greater reflectance with respect to a probing radio wave than the road surface; an antenna unit transmitting the probing radio wave toward the reflection surface, the antenna unit also receiving a reflected wave of the probing radio wave that has been reflected from the reflection surface or water over the reflection surface; and a measuring unit connected to the antenna unit, the measuring unit processing the reflected wave received by the antenna unit to calculate and determine the water level on the road surface based on a return time of the reflected wave.

Abstract: A measuring system for probe, especially one for measuring dielectric properties and used in devices for measuring properties of dielectric constant changes in human or animal tissues, characterized in that it comprises a microwave resonance circuit (3) made on dielectric substrate and shaped in the form of a three-stage resonator composed of three segments of striplines with different impedances of each of the segments and arranged with respect to each other is such a way that successive segments are perpendicular to each other, and further comprises rows of grommets (2) with metallized surfaces connecting front surfaces on both sides of the substrate and constituting the earth of the probe.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring the permittivity and/or the impedance of a material are based on transmitting a first RF signal to a transponder coupled to the material. The transponder is equipped with a resonant antenna coupled to the material such that the response of the antenna is affected by the material. The signal strength of a second RF signal transmitted by the transponder in response to the first RF signal, and received by an interrogator, is measured. The interrogator can calculate both the real part and the imaginary part of the complex impedance of the material from multiple measurements of the signal strength of the second RF signal taken at a plurality of frequencies of the first RF signal.

Abstract: A liquid level transducer (10) for mounting to a cryogenic tank includes a mounting head assembly (14) for connection to the tank (12) and an elongate sensing probe assembly (16) extending from the mounting head assembly (14) and into the tank. The mounting head assembly (14) has a lower mounting member (40) connected to the sensing probe assembly (16). The mounting head assembly also includes a tank mounting member (42) with a central bore (74) and a transverse wall (87) located within the bore. An upper connecting section (60) of the member (40) is threaded into the bore (74). A seal (147) is positioned between the transverse wall (87) and the upper connecting section (60). The upper connecting section (60) has a corrugated feature that receives and deforms the seal to interlock the components together and increase the sealing surface area therebetween.

Abstract: A sensor comprising: a dielectric waveguide for guiding a microwave signal; and a dielectric reflector at an end of the dielectric waveguide to cause formation of a sensing field beyond an outer surface of the dielectric reflector.

Abstract: A method for controlling a user terminal includes obtaining reference magnetic field information of the user terminal, detecting a magnetic field emitted from an external mobile terminal, and obtaining location information indicating a location of the external mobile terminal based on the reference magnetic field information and the detected magnetic field.

Abstract: A monitoring system 22 for a distributed antenna system (DAS) 10 is provided. The DAS comprises central transmitter 12 which is connected by a signal transmission network 14 to a plurality of distributed antenna devices (DAD) 16.1 to 16.n. The network comprises physical branches. Each of the DAD's is connected to a respective sub-branch 14.11 and comprises at least one antenna 18. The antenna is associated with a frequency band having a center frequency fc and an associated wavelength Ac. The monitoring system comprises a central monitoring unit (CMU) 24 which is coupled to the network 14. A monitoring device 28.1 is associated with at least one of the DAD's and permanently mounted a distance d<2?c away from the antenna of the DAD. The monitoring device comprises a controller 30, a transceiver 32 and an antenna 34.

Abstract: Coaxial probes for guided wave radar level transmitters have an inner rod within an outer tube. Transmission line impedance changes where the space between the two fills with process fluid, causing a reflection of radar energy. Time of flight calculations yield the distance to the product and thus the level of the fluid in a tank. The inner rod and outer rod should maintain their spacing because a reflection can occur if the inner rod moves too close to the outer tube wall. Spacers can maintain the spacing. The spacers should be retained so that their location over time doesn't change. Retention strategies involving shoulders or discontinuities in the inner rod or outer tube can cause measurement errors. Applications requiring high temperature resistance and high chemical compatibility lead to ceramic spacers instead of plastic spacers. Slip fits are needed when ceramics are too stiff for snap-in functionality.

Abstract: A system and a method for characterizing a dielectric material are provided. The system and method generally include applying an excitation signal to electrodes on opposing sides of the dielectric material to evaluate a property of the dielectric material. The method can further include measuring the capacitive impedance across the dielectric material, and determining a variation in the capacitive impedance with respect to either or both of a time domain and a frequency domain. The measured property can include pore size and surface imperfections. The method can still further include modifying a processing parameter as the dielectric material is formed in response to the detected variations in the capacitive impedance, which can correspond to a non-uniformity in the dielectric material.

Abstract: A method for monitoring contact of a rotating component of a textile machine, in particular of a clothing roller of a card, for example a card cylinder, with a further component of the textile machine. The two components are connected to an electrical power source, but are normally electrically isolated from each other, and only in the case of a contact between the two components, a short-circuit is generated, which is detected by the monitoring device. The duration of individual short-circuits per time unit (T) is detected and summed up so as to form a total duration (t) of all short-circuits per time unit (T).

Abstract: A device for determining the weight per unit area of a moving material web, in particular a fibrous material web includes at least one microwave sensor that has an element for coupling the microwaves and a reference element. The coupling element and the reference element are located at a distance from one another in such a way that the material web can be moved therebetween. At least one microwave sensor element, the coupling element and/or the reference element can be moved such that the distances between the material web and the elements can be adjusted for or during the measurement of the moving material web.

Abstract: Efficient techniques for determining compliance of a wireless device with radio-frequency (RF) exposure standards and regulations. In an aspect, two-dimensional surface scans of a device are determined and stored in a memory during a certification phase. Each scan corresponds to a basis surface scan wherein only one transmitter and one antenna of the device are active. During real-time operation, the basis surface scans corresponding to the real-time active transmitters and antennas of the device are retrieved. The retrieved scans are processed according to the real-time operating parameters to determine an estimated RF exposure metric, e.g., a peak specific absorption rate (SAR). The transmit power levels of the device may be adjusted in real time to ensure compliance of the estimated RF exposure metric with applicable standards and regulations.

Abstract: A measuring method for measuring characteristics of an object to be measured, the measuring method including holding the object on a void-arranged structure having at least two void portions that pass therethrough in a direction perpendicular to a principal surface thereof, and applying electromagnetic waves to the void-arranged structure on which the object is held to detect frequency characteristics of the electromagnetic waves transmitted through the void-arranged structure. The void-arranged structure has a grid structure in which the void portions are periodically arranged in at least one direction on the principal surface of the void-arranged structure. The characteristics of the object are measured on the basis of a relationship between a first frequency characteristic and a second frequency characteristic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a contactless loop probe for the contactless decoupling of an HF signal for a contactless measuring system, comprising at least one coupling structure (10) and at least one first signal conductor (12) electrically connected to the coupling structure (10) by a first transition (20), said signal conductor being electrically connected by a second transition (22) to an output (14) for electrically connecting to the measuring system, wherein the coupling structure (10) is designed as an HF waveguide comprising at least one signal conductor (24; 30) and at least one reference conductor (26; 32).

Abstract: A method and arrangement for facilitating through-line mismatch RF testing using an air-isolated coaxial line having an inner conductor surrounded by a coaxial shielding. At least one circular opening is provided through the shielding. A radially adjustable piston is provided in each opening such that it is electrically connected to the shielding and such that its protrusion from an inside of the shielding towards the inner conductor is adjustable. The position of the radially adjustable piston is calibrated with a known level of RF mismatch so that a desired level of mismatch can be created through adjustment of the piston. By adjusting the piston so that it does not protrude beyond the inside of the shielding, the arrangement is effectively set to zero and does not have to be disconnected after use.

Abstract: A method for generating diagnostic test files associated with a battery pack is provided. The method includes providing a diagnostic test data table having a plurality of records. A first record is associated with a first diagnostic test. The first record has a first parameter identifier and a first value. The method further includes generating a diagnostic test parameter configuration file having a data structure associated with the first diagnostic test by accessing the diagnostic test data table. The data structure has a first parameter variable that is set equal to the first value. The method further includes generating a diagnostic test software source code file based on the diagnostic test parameter configuration file utilizing a kernel translator program.

Abstract: Described herein is a method and apparatus for measuring the potential on a modern shielded high-voltage cable such as those used in medium-voltage distribution networks. A capacitive sensor arrangement (100) is constructed on a cable (110) using pre-existing structures (114, 116, 118, 120) within the cable (110). The use of implicit guarding methods is also described that allows the use of the semiconductor layer (116) present in modern cable design to be retained and to form part of the capacitive sensor arrangement (100). Performance of the sensor arrangement (100) can also be improved using temperature compensation techniques.

Abstract: An antenna loop layout method for an electromagnetic sensor board is provided. The electromagnetic sensor board has a plurality of inductive antennas which are arranged abreast of each other. One end of the inductive antennas is coupled to each other, and the other end of the inductive antennas have a switch. The method comprises the following steps: first, a pre-determined interval value is provided. Then, the switches are closed in sequence by the pre-determined interval value to form a plurality of physical antenna loops. The pre-determined interval value can be changed dynamically.

Abstract: A dynamic antenna pattern measurement method. Embodiments of the invention provide for nanosecond or better time resolution and milliradian angular resolution of the dynamic radiation pattern of an antenna under test over the predetermined solid angle scan (up to 4? steradians) of the dynamic radiation pattern.

Abstract: An RE voltage probe is adapted to have a long coaxial cable to permit a measuring device to be connected remotely from the probe without distorting the voltage measurement. An RF current probe is encapsulated in a conductive housing to permit its placement inside a plasma reactor chamber.

Abstract: A circuit for generating an indicative signal regarding the approach of an object to an observation area has a send electrode device, a generator circuit for supplying alternating voltage to the send electrode device, a receive electrode device which extends in or along the observation area, and an output circuit for generating an output signal correlating with the field at the receive electrode device. A compensation circuit is provided to add a compensation current i2 to a signal current i1 flowing from the receive electrode device.

Abstract: The enhanced detection of defects and features in bulk dielectric materials is disclosed. Microwave radiation partly reflected at interfaces where the dielectric constant changes (e.g., where there are defects or structures). A sinusoidal or quasi-sinusoidal wave results. Localization or imaging of features is enhanced by exploiting the variation in distance resolution in a sinusoidal or quasi-sinusoidal standing wave. At characteristic distances, the wave has a high slope, and the amplitude of the wave varies strongly with small changes in distance. By inspecting at these characteristic distances, the resolution is enhanced. By systematically varying the position of the transducer or specimen, detailed images may be formed of the internal structure of the specimen across a range of depths. Defects and structures may be detected at smaller sizes than has previously been possible. The resolution of the imaging may be substantially smaller than the wavelength of the interrogating radiation.

Abstract: A slotted TEM transmission line and an in-situ TEM transmission line are utilized to determine both complex permittivity and permeability of soil. The permittivity and permeability information may be used by underground sensing techniques such as GPR and EMI to enhance information from these techniques. The in-situ probe provides that both complex permittivity and permeability can be measured simultaneously over a broad frequency range without disturbing the soil conditions.

Abstract: A circuit for generating an indicative signal regarding the approach of an object to an observation area has a send electrode device, a generator circuit for supplying alternating voltage to the send electrode device, a receive electrode device which extends in or along the observation area, and an output circuit for generating an output signal correlating with the field at the receive electrode device. A compensation circuit is provided to add a compensation current i2 to a signal current i1 flowing from the receive electrode device.

Abstract: A quality control system of concrete and cement products is provided in which the manufacturing information on cement products of mortar or concrete can be checked at any time, the reliability is such that there is no possibility of the recorded information being lost or falsified, there is no possibility of damage in concrete, and the directivity of the sensitivity of an antenna can be broadened.

Abstract: The enhanced detection of defects in the bulk dielectric material (Specimen) having radiation partly reflected at interfaces where the dielectric constant changes (e.g., where there are defects or structures). A sinusoidal or quasisinusoidal wave (Microwave Source) results. Localization or imaging of features is enhanced by exploiting the variation in distance resolution (Standoff+/?) in a sinusoidal or quasi-sinusoidal standing wave. At characteristic distances, the wave has a high slope and the amplitude of the wave varies strongly with small changes in distance (Standoff+/?). By inspecting at these characteristic distances (Standoff+/?), the resolution is enhanced. By systematically varying the position of the transducer or specimen, detailed images may be formed of the internal structure of the specimen across a range of depths. Defects and structures may be detected at smaller sizes than has previously been possible.

Abstract: A disclosed specific absorption rate measurement system according to an embodiment of the present invention measures a specific absorption rate of electromagnetic waves from a radiating source absorbed in a dielectric medium. The system includes a measurement portion that measures a first electric field vector on an observation surface which is a two-dimensional surface in the dielectric medium; an electric field calculation portion that calculates a second electric field vector in a point excluded from the observation surface in accordance with electric field components of the first electric field vector measured on the observation surface, the electric field components being parallel to the observation surface; and a calculation portion that calculates the specific absorption rate from the calculated second electric field vector.

Abstract: Intensities of electric and magnetic field components of an electromagnetic field are measured by measuring conductors and a reference conductor in the electromagnetic field. The measuring and reference conductors simultaneously derive plural output currents that are measured in different directions relative to the electromagnetic field. The magnitudes of the measuring conductor output currents and phase differences between the measuring conductor output currents and the reference conductor output current cause calculation of an electric field component current generated in the measuring conductor by an electric field included in each output current and a magnetic field component current generated in the measuring conductor by a magnetic field included in each output current. Based on the magnitudes of the calculated electric and magnetic field component currents, the electric and magnetic field intensities are determined.

Abstract: A human phantom apparatus is provided with a body section, a head section connected with the body section, at least one shoulder section connected with the body section, and an arm section including a hand section, the arm section connected with the shoulder section. Each of the body section, the head section, the at least one shoulder section, and the arm section is filled with a human body equivalent material. The human phantom apparatus has a so-called PDA (Portable Digital Assistance) attitude of holding a radio communication apparatus by the hand section of the arm section, so that the human phantom apparatus looks at a display unit of the radio communication apparatus in front of the body section.

Abstract: A specific absorption rate measuring apparatus including a probe configured to measure, in a two-dimensional plane, the amplitude and the phase of an electric or magnetic field generated in a phantom of which electrical properties similar to a human body tissues; an electric and/or magnetic field estimation unit configured to estimate a three-dimensional electric field distribution to be produced from a wave source defined by the two-dimensional electric and magnetic fields at a measuring point, based on the measurement results of the probe; and a specific absorption rate estimation unit configured to estimate a three-dimensional distribution of specific absorption rate based on the estimation result of the electric field estimation unit.

Abstract: The measurement device includes a microwave sensor, a microwave analyzer which is essentially composed of a microwave signal generator and a microwave power meter, and a processing unit to which the analyzer is interfaced. The sensor 3 includes a resonator 9 and an open coaxial probe 11. The resonator 9 is produced by means of a length of microstrip line 13, terminating with the probe 11 and short-circuited at one end 13A. The microstrip is produced on a laminate of low-loss dielectric material 15. The collector plate forming the ground is indicated with 17. Operating on the microstrip 13 are two weakly coupled ports with coaxial output, indicated with 19 and 21 respectively.

Abstract: A biological tissue equivalent phantom unit to be used by the specific absorption rate measuring system for evaluating absorption of electromagnetic wave energy includes a biological tissue equivalent phantom for absorbing an electromagnetic wave. In addition, two or more electro-optical crystals are arranged at two or more measurement points in the biological tissue equivalent phantom. The electro-optical crystals have a dielectric constant that is approximately equal to that of the biological tissue equivalent phantom. Two or more optical fibers are laid in the biological tissue equivalent phantom for optically connecting each of the electro-optical crystals to an external destination.

Abstract: A UNLV novel electric/magnetic dot sensor includes a loop of conductor having two ends to the loop, a first end and a second end; the first end of the conductor seamlessly secured to a first conductor within a first sheath; the second end of the conductor seamlessly secured to a second conductor within a second sheath; and the first sheath and the second sheath positioned adjacent each other. The UNLV novel sensor can be made by removing outer layers in a segment of coaxial cable, leaving a continuous link of essentially uncovered conductor between two coaxial cable legs.

Abstract: A measuring method for electromagnetic field intensity capable of easily and accurately measuring, with a compact and simple facility, each of the electric field component and the magnetic field component of an electromagnetic field formed in space is to be provided. By simultaneously measuring output currents O1 and O2 from two ends of a measuring probe 20 and an output current R from a reference signal probe 30, the magnitudes of each of the output currents O1 and O2 and the phase difference of each of the output currents O1 and O2 from the output current R are measured, on the basis of the measurements the electric field component current generated from the electric field and the magnetic field component current generated from the magnetic field upon the measuring probe 20 are calculated, and on the basis of the calculated results the electric field intensity and the magnetic field intensity are figured out.

Abstract: A method for measuring electromagnetic radiation pattern and gain of radiator using TEM waveguide is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: a) measuring powers of output port of a transverse electric and magnetic (TEM) waveguide by changing arrangements of the radiator located within the TEM waveguide; and b) estimating a radiation power density of the radiator in free space, wherein the radiator is modeled as a dipole moment based on the powers of the output port of the TEM waveguide.

Abstract: Intensities of electric and magnetic fields are measured by locating a conductor and reference conductor in the electromagnetic field so the conductor and reference conductor simultaneously output plural currents that are respectively simultaneously measured in different directions relative to the electromagnetic field. On the basis of the magnitudes of the currents and the phase difference, an electric field component current generated in the conductor by an electric field included in each current and a magnetic field component current generated in the conductor by a magnetic field included in each output current is calculated. On the basis of the magnitudes of the calculated electric field component current and the magnetic field component current, the electric field and magnetic field intensities are measured.

Abstract: To provide an inspection method and an inspection apparatus that can easily measure a distribution of residual stress on a surface processed by shot peening, including a state of distribution in a depth direction of a material to be treated in a relatively short time without destroying the material to be treated. A coil provided in the inspection circuit is arranged on a surface processed by shot peening of the inspection target, an alternating current signal is input to the inspection circuit with changing a frequency so that frequency response characteristics of impedance of the inspection circuit is measured and acquired as inspection target data, and the inspection target data is compared to frequency response characteristics of impedance acquired from a sample of which a state of generation of residual stress is found.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring an electric field distribution according to the present invention calculates a distribution of electric field intensity and its direction at arbitrary positions on the surface of the electronic apparatus or its circumference with use of data of measurement positions and measurement results of a potential distribution on a surface of an electronic apparatus. Further, it clearly indicates a flow of electromagnetic energy on the surface or in the circumference of the electronic apparatus by applying mathematical treatments to a magnetic field distribution at circumferential positions of the electronic apparatus. Thus, a distribution of high-frequency electric field generated from the electronic apparatus is measured with high accuracy.

Abstract: Method and device for measuring a dielectric response of an electrical insulating system, wherein a first measurement result is determined by a frequency domain method and a second measurement result is determined by a time domain method, whereupon the first measurement result and the second measurement result are combined to form an overall measurement result as the dielectric response. Standard types of measurement methods, for example the FDS and PDC methods, may be used as measurement methods for the frequency domain and the time domain.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring a specific absorption rate (SAR), a first near magnetic field distribution of a radio wave radiated from an array antenna of a reference antenna including a plurality of minute antennas is measured, and an SAR distribution with respect to the radio wave radiated from the array antenna is measured with a predetermined phantom. Then a distribution of a transformation coefficient ? is calculated by dividing the measured SAR distribution by a square of the measured first near magnetic field distribution, a second near magnetic field distribution of a radio wave radiated from a measured radio communication apparatus is measured, and an SAR distribution with respect to the radio wave radiated from the radio communication apparatus is calculated by multiplying a square of the measured second near magnetic field distribution by the calculated distribution of the transformation coefficient ?.

Abstract: A conductor is disposed within an area where electric coupling and magnetic coupling take place between the conductor and a device-under-test (DUT) in at least a portion of frequency band width, and the value of composite currents that is outputted in a plurality of directions different from each other against the DUT, is measured. Based on the measured plurality of values of the composite currents, the first electric current due to electric coupling between the DUT and the conductor and the second electric current due to magnetic coupling between the DUT and the conductor are calculated. From these first and second electric current values, electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity are calculated.

Abstract: A servicing device and more particularly an oiler or a filter device, for the preparation of a pressure medium, which comprises a capacitive sensor having at least one first electrode responsive to at least one operational parameter of the servicing device. An expendable material and more particularly a filter means or an additive for such a servicing device, which is renewable and is able to be utilized by the servicing device for the preparation of the pressure medium and bears a capacitively detectable code means, on the basis of at least one operational parameter of the servicing device is detected. Furthermore there is a capacitive sensor for such a servicing device.

Abstract: At least one exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a capacitive sensing system, comprising a sensing conductor coupleable to a grounded target by a gap capacitance Cd, said grounded target separated from said sensing conductor by a gap having a width. The capacitive sensing system also comprises a circuit connected to said sensing conductor, an input signal having an input frequency fosc provided to said circuit through an input resistance Rd, an output signal of said circuit having an output voltage varying linearly with the width of the gap when the impedance of the gap capacitance 1/(2?foscCd) approaches or exceeds the input resistance Rd.

Abstract: A test architecture performs calibration and site verification testing of the effectiveness of a radiation shielding structure within which electronic equipment is housed. An external subsystem is outside a shielding cabinet, and an internal subsystem resides with the electronic equipment within the shielded equipment housing proper. The external subsystem includes a host computer, which controls the operation of transmit and receive subsystems. An external receiver is selectively coupled by the host processor to either an RF receive antenna or to a current sense probe. All control signals from the external subsystem are conveyed into the shielded cabinet by way of fiber optic links, in order to preserve the shielding effectiveness of the cabinet. Having the source of test signals and its associated transmission antenna located within the shielded cabinet serves to minimize the impact of such signals on circuits within the environment outside the cabinet.

Abstract: A conductor is disposed within an area where electric coupling and magnetic coupling take place between the conductor and a device-under-test (DUT) in at least a portion of frequency band width, and the value of composite currents that is outputted in a plurality of directions different from each other against the DUT, is measured. Based on the measured plurality of values of the composite currents, the first electric current due to electric coupling between the DUT and the conductor and the second electric current due to magnetic coupling between the DUT and the conductor are calculated. From these first and second electric current values, electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity are calculated.

Abstract: A method and system for examining tissue in order to differentiate it from other tissue according to the dielectric properties of the examined tissue, by: applying a probe to the tissue to be examined, such that the probe generates an electrical fringe field in the zone of the examined tissue and produces a reflected pulse therefrom with negligible radiation penetrating into the tissue itself; detecting the reflected electrical pulse; and comparing electrical characteristics of the reflected electrical pulse with respect to the applied electrical pulse to provide an indication of the dielectric properties of the examined tissue.