Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the steam quality is presented. The apparatus comprises a tube (1) with an open end (5) and a closed end. The open end has a fluid connection with the sterilizer chamber. At the closed end a heat sink (6) with a thermometer (7) is connected of which the temperature can be controlled. In the axial direction along the tube several thermometers (8) are attached to monitor the temperature profile along the tube. Apart from or instead of this, the device may comprise a thermal resistance (11) between the closed end of the tube and the heat sink. At different axial positions on this thermal resistance thermometers (10) may be attached to monitor the cooling power required to keep the heat sink at a predetermined temperature. Both the temperature profile and the cooling power are directly related to the fraction of non-condensable gases present in the sterilizer chamber.

Abstract: A method for detecting at least one condition of interest relating to a tube, e.g. the presence of an air bubble. In some embodiments, the sensor includes antennas, a split-ring resonator, a frequency generator capable of generating frequencies in the microwave range, and a detection component. The detection component may estimate at least one parameter of received microwave energy in order to determine if a condition of interest exists.

Abstract: An automated resonant waveguide cavity system for determining one or complex permittivity measurements of a sample is provided. The automated resonant waveguide cavity system includes a resonant cavity, a waveguide coupled to the resonant cavity, a programmable network analyzer (PNA) coupled to the waveguide, and a computing device. The computing device includes a memory storing processor executable code for a determination engine and a processor executing the processor executable code to cause the determination engine to obtain data from the PNA. The data is respective to the sample within the resonant cavity. The determination engine further integrates a plurality of analytical and modeling functions in determining the complex permittivity values of the sample from the data.

Abstract: A calibration system for a pulsed phase-lock loop ultrasound measurement system comprising an apparatus having a compartment for holding a pressure sensitive liquid. The compartment has an opening by which a flow of the pressure sensitive liquid may be controlled. A sensor arranged relative to the compartment to receive ultrasonic signals that reflect off one or more inner surfaces of the compartment. The system includes a processing device for receiving an integrated error signal output by the sensor based on pressure changes of the pressure sensitive liquid responsive to a change in flow of pressure sensitive liquid between the source and the compartment.

Abstract: A method of calculating a dielectric constant and a dielectric loss of a polymer material including the following steps is provided: providing a polymer having an optimized molecular geometry; analyzing a dipole moment autocorrelation function of the polymer having the optimized molecular geometry; fitting the dipole moment autocorrelation function of the polymer having the optimized molecular geometry via a relaxation function to obtain a corresponding fitting function; calculating a static permittivity of the polymer having the optimized molecular geometry; and obtaining a complex permittivity spectrum via the fitting function and the static permittivity, so as to calculate a corresponding dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the polymer having the optimized molecular geometry.

Abstract: A differential gradiometer comprising a substrate with at least a pair of resonators disposed thereon, wherein each of the at least a pair of resonators is sensitive to environmental factors which produces differential strains between the resonators, a first one of said pair of resonators being connected with a circuit for forming a first oscillator, the second one of said pair of resonators being connected with another circuit for forming a non-linear oscillator, an output of the first oscillator being applied to the non-linear oscillator for generating a comb of frequencies, wherein an addition oscillator is locked to the nth tooth of the comb thereby increasing the sensitivity of the gradiometer by a factor of n.

Abstract: A sensing system, and method of operating same, can act as a highly sensitive gradiometer. A first non-magnetic element, such as a sphere, is driven at a first resonance frequency along an axis. A magnet is attached to a second non-magnetic element, such as a plate, and driven at a second resonance frequency along the axis. The first non-magnetic element and the second non-magnetic element are coupled by a force along the axis, in resonance. The gradiometer is configured to determine a gradient magnetic field acting on one or more of the first non-magnetic element and magnet based on change in at least one resonance characteristic.

Abstract: A work vehicle includes a work implement operatively connected to a frame through an actuator having a cylinder and a piston rod. Control circuitry is operatively connected to the actuator and includes a processer and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store program instructions and the processor is configured to execute the stored program instructions to: identify one of an initial retracted reference position of the piston rod based on an initial minimum retracted distance or an initial extended reference position of the piston rod based on an initial maximum extended distance; identifying an end of stroke position of the piston rod after identifying one of the initial retracted reference position of the piston rod or the initial extended reference position of the piston rod; and moving the work implement with respect to the work vehicle based on a work implement command modified by the identified end of stroke position.

Abstract: Microwave resonance cavities and associated methods and apparatus are described. In one example, a cavity (100) comprises a first and a second input port (102, 104) for inputting microwave radiation at a first and a second frequency respectively. The microwave radiation at the first frequency may be to excite a sample in the cavity whereas the microwave radiation at the second frequency may be to interrogate a sample in the cavity for analysis. The cavity has dimensions such that it resonates at both the first and the second frequency.

Abstract: A measurement system and method of conducting cavity resonance and waveguide measurements is disclosed. The cavity or waveguide may be used to monitor the amount, composition, or distribution of a material or sample contained in the cavity or waveguide or passing through the cavity or waveguide. Improved means for operating the measurement system to reduce measurement variability, improve measurement accuracy, and decrease measurement response times are described. The invention's broad applications range from measurements of filters, catalysts, pipe, and ducts where the material collected in or passing through the cavity or waveguide exhibits dielectric properties different from the material which it displaces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for the analysis of gaseous compounds, especially for determining the concentration of a gas or gases in a gas mixture by microwave spectroscopy. Microwave radiation is generated at one or more frequencies the gas is most responsive to, transmitted by antenna, passed through the gas under test, received by antenna, and the absorption and/or reflection of the microwave radiation is measured by means such as digitization and analysis using the FFT spectrum versus energy response generated, the response subsequently used to calculate the gas concentration.

Abstract: Microwave and millimeter wave imaging. An antenna array in communication with a signal source comprises a plurality of antennas by which a signal generated by the signal source is transmitted incident to an object located remotely from the antenna array and by which a signal reflected from the object is received by the antenna array. The signals transmitted by the antennas collectively have an effective electric field resembling a plane-wave within a target region in front of the antenna array. A plurality of detectors each connected to one of the antennas is configured to simultaneously receive the reflected signal and provide an output signal representative thereof. An image processor configured to execute an imaging algorithm generates a multi-dimensional profile representative of the object based on the output signals from the detectors.

Abstract: A device for measuring absorbent bodies that are spaced from each other on a continuous web comprises at least two microwave resonators configured to measure values of a shift of a resonance frequency and a spreading of a resonance frequency. The continuous web moves through the at least two microwave resonators and the at least two microwave resonators are positioned at an offset with respect to each other in the transverse and transport direction relative to a direction of transport of the continuous web in order to measure the entire width of the continuous web. At least one of a moisture and a density of the absorbent bodies is determined using the at least two microwave resonators to continuously determine the values of the shift of the resonance frequency and the spreading of the resonance frequency.

Abstract: A clock apparatus, with: (i) a gas cell, including a cavity including a sealed interior for providing a signal waveguide; (ii) a first apparatus for providing a first electromagnetic wave to travel in the cavity and along a first direction; (iii) a second apparatus for providing a second electromagnetic wave to travel in the cavity and along a second direction opposite the first direction; (iv) a dipolar gas inside the sealed interior of the cavity; and (v) receiving apparatus for detecting an amount of energy in the second electromagnetic wave after the second electromagnetic wave passes through the dipolar gas.

Abstract: A molecular clock which utilizes a rotational spectrum of gaseous molecules in a sub-THz region for clock stabilization is described. The molecular clock has a fast start-up characteristic and is also robust against mechanical vibration or variation of electromagnetic field. Also described is a chip-scale implementation of a molecular clock. In an embodiment, a molecular clock chipset only consumes a DC power of 66 mW. While providing a highly stable, compact and energy efficient time generator of portable devices.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer program products for measuring the density of a material. According to one aspect, a material property gauge includes a nuclear density gauge for measuring the density of a material. A radiation source adapted to emit radiation into a material and a radiation detector operable to produce a signal representing the detected radiation. A first material property calculation function may calculate a value associated with the density of the material based upon the signal produced by the radiation detector. The material property gauge includes an electromagnetic moisture property gauge that determines a moisture property of the material. An electromagnetic field generator may generate an electromagnetic field where the electromagnetic field sweeps through one or more frequencies and penetrates into the material.

Abstract: There is provided an exhaust treatment device for a diesel engine that can prevent unnecessary alarm for ash deposition from being issued. In the exhaust treatment device, a timer measures integrated time of a state of non-regenerative operation which ranges from an end of DPF regeneration to a next time point where the differential pressure reaches a regeneration request value. A counter acquires the short interval count if the integrated time is a short interval shorter than a predetermined decision time. An alarm device issues an alarm if the consecutive short interval count reaches a predetermined plural necessary count for alarm. A short interval count having been already acquired is preferably reset to 0 if the integrated time of the state of non-regenerative operation is a long interval, not shorter than a predetermined decision time, before the short interval count reaches the predetermined necessary count for alarm.

Abstract: A microwave flowmeter and a flow rate measurement method are provided. The microwave flowmeter includes a transmitting circuit, a detecting circuit, and a computing unit. The transmitting circuit includes a substrate, a plurality of resonator elements, and a transmission line. Two ends of the transmission line receive high frequency electric feedings, so that the resonator elements separately generate corresponding microwaves and each of the microwaves has at least one resonant frequency. The detecting circuit detects offsets of the corresponding resonant frequencies that are caused when a fluid flows through the resonator elements, and records times at which the offsets happen. The computing unit is electrically connected to the detecting circuit, and computes a flow rate of the fluid according to the times at which the offsets happen of the resonant frequencies and locations that are of the resonator elements and that correspond to a flow path.

Abstract: A radio frequency sensor module adapted for mounting a vehicle exhaust system structure. A bracket on the module includes a first mounting ear defining a first through aperture. A printed circuit board is coupled to the bracket. A cover defines an opening and an interior cavity in communication with the opening. The bracket and the cover are coupled together in a relationship with the printed circuit board extending through the opening in the cover and into the interior cavity of the cover and the first and second mounting ears in an abutting and overlying relationship. A mounting bolt extends through the respective first and second through apertures in the respective first and second mounting ears for securing the radio frequency module to the housing of a vehicle exhaust system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for the analysis of gaseous compounds, especially for determining the concentration of a gas or gases in a gas mixture by microwave spectroscopy. Microwave radiation is generated at one or more frequencies the gas is most responsive to, transmitted by antenna, passed through the gas under test, received by antenna, and the absorption and/or reflection of the microwave radiation is measured by means such as digitization and analysis using the FFT spectrum versus energy response generated, the response subsequently used to calculate the gas concentration.

Abstract: A cavity coupler comprising of an outer coupler body, at least one shield formed inside the outer coupler body wherein the relationship between the shield and the outer coupler body form at least one chamber, an antenna configured to provide a radio frequency signal, and a flange for connecting the cavity coupler to a superconducting cavity. In an embodiment, the outer coupler body is formed of stainless steel. In an embodiment, the at least one shield is formed of copper.

Abstract: Systems and method are provided for implementing filters whose response automatically and continuously reconfigures between an all-pass response and a bandstop response as the power level of signals within their bandwidth changes. Embodiments of the present disclosure allow high power signals within a designable bandwidth to be strongly attenuated while minimally affecting signals in adjacent bandwidths and further allow low power signals in the designable bandwidth to pass with minimal attenuation.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an RF receiver. The RF receiver includes an input driver. The input driver receives a coarse signal, and generates an input signal. A digital step attenuator (DSA) is coupled to the input driver and receives the input signal. An analog to digital converter (ADC) is coupled to the DSA. The DSA includes a sampling capacitor coupled to the ADC. The DSA also includes a time dependent resistor coupled to a source voltage and to the sampling capacitor.

Abstract: A microfabricated sensor (1) for detecting a component in bodily fluid, includes: an inlet (2) for receiving a sample of bodily fluid, a fluid cavity (6) connected to the inlet for receiving the sample of bodily fluid from the inlet, and an RF resonant cavity (13), delimited by walls (14). At least one of the walls forms a separating wall (15), separating the fluid cavity from the RF resonant cavity, wherein the separating wall is configured such that the dielectric properties of the bodily fluid in the fluid cavity provide an influence on the electromagnetic properties of the RF resonant cavity.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer program products for measuring the density of a material. According to one aspect, a material property gauge includes a nuclear density gauge for measuring the density of a material. A radiation source adapted to emit radiation into a material and a radiation detector operable to produce a signal representing the detected radiation. A first material property calculation function may calculate a value associated with the density of the material based upon the signal produced by the radiation detector. The material property gauge includes an electromagnetic moisture property gauge that determines a moisture property of the material. An electromagnetic field generator may generate an electromagnetic field where the electromagnetic field sweeps through one or more frequencies and penetrates into the material.

Abstract: A multi-band acoustic wave microwave filter, including a signal transmission path having an input and an output; a plurality of nodes disposed along the signal transmission path; a plurality of non-resonant branches respectively coupling one or more nodes to ground, wherein each non-resonant branch comprises at least one non-resonant element; and a plurality of resonant branches that couple one or more nodes to ground and include a plurality of resonators on said branches, wherein the plurality of resonators define a first band and at least one additional band and further wherein the difference between the lowest resonant frequency and the highest resonant frequency of the first band is at least 1.25 times the average separation of the resonators.

Abstract: A low profile temperature transducer has a working surface for placement against a body surface and a first output. The transducer is a flat laminate composed of alternating conductive and dielectric layers. The laminate defines at least one slotline antenna for exposure to the body surface to pick up thermal emissions from the underlying tissue at depth. A feed network having a characteristic impedance is connected to the first output and a slotline-to-stripline transition is connected between the at least one antenna and the feed network, the transition providing a match between the impedance at the at least one antenna and the characteristic impedance. Also, a temperature sensor may be present at the working surface to detect the body surface temperature under the transducer, that surface temperature being used to calculate actual temperature at depth.

Abstract: A measurement system in one embodiment includes an acquisition module and a determination module. The acquisition module is configured to acquire resonant frequency information corresponding to a sensor disposed in a remote location from the acquisition module. The resonant frequency information includes first resonant frequency information for a first resonant frequency of the sensor corresponding to environmental conditions of the remote location, and also includes second resonant frequency information for a different, second resonant frequency of the sensor corresponding to the environmental conditions of the remote location. The determination module is configured to use the first resonant frequency information and the second resonant frequency information to determine the temperature and the pressure at the remote location.

Abstract: A system and method for determining loading of a filter having a first dielectric constant with a material having a different dielectric constant, is disclosed. The filter is contained within a metallic container forming a microwave cavity, and microwave or RF energy is created within the cavity and changes in the cavity microwave response are monitored. The changes in cavity microwave response are related to filter loading. In a preferred embodiment, the microwave energy includes multiple cavity modes thereby allowing determination of spatial distribution of the contaminant material loading. In one embodiment, the microwave cavity response includes a shift in frequency of a resonant mode. Alternatively, the microwave cavity response includes a shift in quality factor Q of a resonant mode. The microwave cavity response may include a shift in amplitude or peak width of the microwave's signal at resonance.

Abstract: A particulate filter control system and method for controlling the same is disclosed. The particulate filter load monitoring system may transmit radio frequency signals through the resonant cavity and filter medium across a frequency range sufficient to generate more than one resonant mode. The system may contain additional sensors for monitoring additional exhaust characteristics and parameters. Further, a control unit may be configured to determine the amount of material accumulated in the particulate filter, detect failures and malfunctions of the exhaust after-treatment system and its associated components, and initiate an action based on the amount of material accumulated in the particulate filter, the determination of a system failure or malfunction, or input from one or more exhaust sensors.

Abstract: The subject matter described herein includes methods, systems, and computer program products for measuring the density of a material. According to one aspect, a material property gauge includes a nuclear density gauge for measuring the density of a material. A radiation source adapted to emit radiation into a material and a radiation detector operable to produce a signal representing the detected radiation. A first material property calculation function may calculate a value associated with the density of the material based upon the signal produced by the radiation detector. The material property gauge includes an electromagnetic moisture property gauge that determines a moisture property of the material. An electromagnetic field generator may generate an electromagnetic field where the electromagnetic field sweeps through one or more frequencies and penetrates into the material.

Abstract: Method for measuring a moisture value F of dielectric materials using at least one microwave resonator, one shift A of the resonant frequency being respectively evaluated for at least two resonance modes with resonant frequencies which are different from one another and a density-independent moisture value being calculated from the measured shifts in the resonant frequency.

Abstract: Detection of an increase in a mismatch of an antenna of a radio frequency (RF) device and/or a change in a capacitance value of the antenna indicates proximity of a body to the antenna. Upon detection of proximity of a body to the antenna, reduction of transmit power of the RF device may be done to meet Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) level regulations.

Abstract: A resonator includes a dielectric substrate, a conductor disposed over the dielectric substrate, and a high-dielectric pattern disposed between outer parts of the conductor. The conductor includes an arc part, which has a C shape, and the outer parts, which respectively extend outward from both ends of the arc part, such that the conductor has an omega shape as a whole. The high-dielectric pattern has a relative permittivity greater than a relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate. The resonator has a flat plate shape to increase a filling factor of a sample, thereby improving measurement sensitivity. Also, the resonator is miniaturized, and thus a biosensor system including the resonator is also miniaturized.

Abstract: Detection of an increase in a mismatch of an antenna of a radio frequency (RF) device and/or a change in a capacitance value of the antenna indicates proximity of a body to the antenna. Upon detection of proximity of a body to the antenna, reduction of transmit power of the RF device may be done to meet Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) level regulations.

Abstract: Detection of an increase in a mismatch of an antenna of a radio frequency (RF) device and/or a change in a capacitance value of the antenna indicates proximity of a body to the antenna. Upon detection of proximity of a body to the antenna, reduction of transmit power of the RF device may be done to meet Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) level regulations.

Abstract: A technique for removing the background from a transmission spectrum including determining performance characteristics of a detector, measuring a transmission spectrum that includes an absorption line, determining performance characteristics of a gas cell, and removing a background spectrum from the transmission spectrum by combining the transmission spectrum with the performance characteristics of the detector and the performance characteristics of the gas cell.

Abstract: A receiving system is provided in which an analog electromagnetic signal is received from a signal source. A digital observable signal generator and digital to analog convertor (DAC) produce an analog observable signal while a digital dither signal generator and DAC produce an analog dither signal. The electromagnetic signal, the observable signal and the dither signal continue to a power divider via an analog signal combiner. The divider provides identical signal paths wherein each signal path includes a signal frequency bandwidth of interest. The signal paths are amplified onto an analog to digital converter (ADC). The ADC is operable for a Nyquist frequency bandwidth, wherein the dither signal includes a pseudo-random electromagnetic signal with electromagnetic energy that falls outside the signal frequency bandwidth of interest but falls within the Nyquist frequency bandwidth. A processor processes signals from the signal paths to produce a digital image of the analog electromagnetic signal.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting one or more materials includes a substrate, a passivation layer formed on the substrate, a self-resonant structure and a high surface area material disposed on the passivation layer. The self-resonant structure includes a planar spiral inductor and a plurality of planar interdigitated capacitor electrodes disposed within the passivation layer. The planar spiral inductor includes an electrically conductive trace formed on the substrate in a planar spiral pattern having at least two turns and an inter-winding space between parallel segments of the electrically conductive trace. The plurality of planar interdigitated capacitor electrodes are electrically connected to the electrically conductive trace of the planar spiral inductor and formed on the substrate within the inter-winding space of at least one outermost turn of the planar spiral inductor. The high surface area material includes a conformal polymer coating to increase a sensitivity to the one or more materials.

Abstract: A device for measuring the unloaded quality factor of a resonant cavity which has an input port to accept incident power and an output port to measure the dissipated power, wherein the device includes: a transmission line designed to be coupled to the input port of the resonant cavity to be characterized, which has a coupling coefficient ?i and which is designed to transmit an incident power generated by a power generator; a switch located upstream of the transmission line at a distance from the cavity which is equivalent to (2n+1)?g/4, where n is a whole number equal to or greater than zero and ?g the wavelength of the wave guided by the transmission line, the switch allowing the coupling coefficient ?i at the input port to the cavity to be modified at the time of the measurement of the unloaded quality factor of the cavity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining dielectric constant and other measurements of a sample, comprising an open cavity resonator; a microwave energy generator for creating a resonating microwave in the open cavity resonator; a predetermined dielectric material having a high dielectric constant in the range of 2 to 100,000 substantially filling the region in which a microwave resonates; the dielectric material adapted to receive a sample for measurement of the dielectric properties of the sample; whereby during operation the resonating microwave beam is substantially immersed in the predetermined dielectric material such that the effective electrical spot size and beam cross-section along the cylindrical axis of the resonating microwave is reduced as a function of the inverse of the square root of the predetermined dielectric material dielectric constant. The dielectric constant or loss tangent of the sample may be determined based upon the change in the cavity's resonant frequency modes.

Abstract: Device for processing and measuring properties of a moving rod of material of the tobacco processing industry includes a microwave resonator structured and arranged so that the rod of material is conveyable through the microwave resonator. Includes microwave generator with output frequency f0, and frequency stabilized oscillator to generate intermediate frequency fIM that is less than f0. Single sideband modulator supplies microwave resonator with a sideband signal having a sideband frequency shifted with respect to output frequency f0 by intermediate frequency fIM, and at least one analysis arrangement includes single sideband demodulator, low-pass filter, and analog to digital converter arranged in series. Single sideband demodulator receives a measurement signal of the sideband frequency transmitted or reflected from the microwave resonator, and receives output frequency f0.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for measuring a dielectric constant. The apparatus includes a cavity resonator including a cavity therein, an insertion hole penetrating through the cavity vertically and in which a sample is inserted, and grooves symmetrically formed with respect to the cavity in the insertion hole, a network analyzer configured to generate an electromagnetic signal supplied to the cavity resonator, receive an electromagnetic signal passed through the cavity resonator, and calculate a scattering parameter, a transmission means configured to supply the generated electromagnetic signal to the cavity resonator, a reception means configured to supply the electromagnetic signal passed through the cavity resonator to the network analyzer, and a calculation processor configured to receive the scattering parameter from the network analyzer and calculate a dielectric constant of the sample.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide an improved EM reverberation chamber which facilitates the dynamic three dimensional (3D) manipulation of EM field polarization within the chamber and produces a uniform field distribution inside the chamber. The chamber includes one or more walls with tunable lumped elements. A controller is provided to generate one or more control signals that are applied to the lumped elements and tunes their impedance in response to the one or more control signals. The result is to generate, within the chamber an electromagnetic field that appears to be random or pseudo-random in polarization, but which is sufficiently uniform in magnitude for EM testing.

Abstract: The system disclosed herein for non-destructively testing a resistive film includes first and second waveguides that are gapped apart from each other. The resistive film is disposed between the first and second waveguides and tested. The film is then advanced and re-tested by the first and second waveguides. The waveguides do not contact the film during testing or while the film is being advanced to its next position. Accordingly, the system provides a non-destructive method of testing the sheet resistance of a film in an accurate manner.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for electric field sensing is provided. The sensor assembly may include an array of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS)-based resonant tunneling devices. A resonant tunneling device may be configured to generate a resonant tunneling signal in response to the electric field. The resonant tunneling device may include at least one electron state definer responsive to changes in at least one respective controllable characteristic of the electron state definer. The changes in the controllable characteristic are configured to affect the tunneling signal. An excitation device may be coupled to the resonant tunneling device to effect at least one of the changes in the controllable characteristic affecting the tunneling signal. A controller may be coupled to the resonant tunneling device and the excitation device to control the changes of the controllable characteristic in accordance with an automated control strategy configured to reduce an effect of noise on a measurement of the electric field.

Abstract: A regenerative feedback resonant circuit for measuring a transient response in a loop is disclosed. The circuit includes an amplifier for generating a signal in the loop. The circuit further includes a resonator having a resonant cavity and a material located within the cavity. The signal sent into the resonator produces a resonant frequency. A variation of the resonant frequency due to perturbations in electromagnetic properties of the material is measured.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for measuring permittivity comprising: a meander-line ring resonator, which may be may be disposed on a substrate proximate to and separated from an input coupler and an output coupler thereon, the resonator ring further including a continuous conductive material having at least two turns to form a single congruent pattern, symmetrical along at least one axis.

Abstract: A resonator arrangement has a conductive, semi-open outer housing, at an interior of which a conductive bar is provided disposed coaxially to the housing. At one end of the bar in a direction of a housing bottom, the bar has a die and, together with a dielectric and the housing bottom, forms a capacitor. The bar is short-circuited to the housing at another end, so that the bar and housing together form an LC oscillator circuit. Also disclosed is a method for analyzing a sample using a resonator arrangement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining dielectric constant and other measurements of a sample, comprising an open cavity resonator; a microwave energy generator for creating a resonating microwave in the open cavity resonator; a predetermined dielectric material having a high dielectric constant in the range of 2 to 100,000 substantially filling the region in which a microwave resonates; the dielectric material adapted to receive a sample for measurement of the dielectric properties of the sample; whereby during operation the resonating microwave beam is substantially immersed in the predetermined dielectric material such that the effective electrical spot size and beam cross-section along the cylindrical axis of the resonating microwave is reduced as a function of the inverse of the square root of the predetermined dielectric material dielectric constant. The dielectric constant or loss tangent of the sample may be determined based upon the change in the cavity's resonant frequency modes.