Abstract: A see-thru engineering instrument has markings defining sets of longitudinal reference lines along its length. The reference lines are disposed inwardly of the side edges, and define segmentation patterns distinct to each set, distinguishing lines of the respective sets from each other. Lines of respective sets are preferably interposed each between respective lines of ones of another set or sets. Line segments in a single instrument, of the like illustrated, can define discrete measurable distances of any one, up to all, of 1/16, 1/8, 3/16, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 13/16, 7/8 and 15/16 inch. The back surface of the instrument preferably has a matte finish. The width of the instrument is greater than 3 inches, preferably about 4 inches. The length is greater than 12 inches, preferably about 13 inches. The thickness is preferably about 1/16 inch. The length/width ratio is at least 2/1. The markings on the instrument can include a grid of squares, marked over less than 2/3 of the overall area.

Abstract: A system of gridded measurement for the cutting, measuring, fastening, and installing of construction materials which comprises the imprinting of visually precise commonly used measurement markings upon the surfaces of construction materials during the manufacturing process to save time and improve the accuracy of cutting the construction materials on a job site or in a manufacturing facility and nailing it in place. Different embodiments of the system have varying combinations of grids, inter-grids, perimeter horizontal and vertical unit measurement markings; non-perimeter horizontal and vertical unit measurement markings; highlighted markings; numerical markings; fractional markings; protractor markings; informational markings; nailing guides; product specification markings; and curved lines.

Abstract: An improved system and method of gridded measurement for the cutting of construction materials which comprises the imprinting of visually precise commonly used measurement markings upon the surfaces of construction materials during the manufacturing process to save time and improve the accuracy of cutting the construction materials on a job site wherein the improvement lies in the use of a plurality of non-perimeter horizontal and vertical unit measurement markings; protractor markings; and inverted numerals, informational markings, nailing guides, product specification markings, and curved lines. Angled cuts may be easily made by cutting along the opposite corners of a predetermined number of grids counted in both horizontal and vertical directions, through use of the protractor markings, or a combination of both. In preferred embodiments unit markings are numbered for quick dimensional reference and visually precise fractional markings are also used.

Abstract: Construction materials such as 4-foot by 8-foot sheets of plywood, drywall, and similar materials have fiducial markings for quick visual reference of the user. Imprinted lines of equal spacings indicate to the user the location of wall studs at 16-inch or 24-inch spacings, and the sheet of material can also include oblique lines and one or more circles, for reference of the user in quickly determining the size of remnants. Similar markings may also be applied to roll-stored materials such as carpeting.

Abstract: The numerical measurement indicia is placed along the width and length of sheet material like plywood or drywall to aid in cutting and nailing to the frame. The linear construction material also contains numerical measurement indicia in a lengthwise direction to assist in cutting and affixing to other structures.

Abstract: A measurement device such as a sheet dimension gauge and a method of constructing a gauge which does not require recalibration. The preferred embodiment includes a frame having a transparent top wall with overlaid measurement lines thereon, a measurement guide, a light source, a heater, a thermostat, and a fan. The frame and the transparent top wall are constructed of a material whose dimensions are not susceptible to changes in humidity, but are susceptible to changes in temperature. Therefore, a temperature control system is used during manufacture and operation of the gauge to ensure that the sheet dimension gauge is properly calibrated. A fan, a thermostat, and a heater are mounted within the frame to maintain a uniform temperature inside of the frame slightly above the highest anticipated ambient temperature created by the lights. A one piece measurement guide, which is used to hold the sheet of paper being measured, is rigidly attached to either the frame or the transparent wall.

Abstract: A means of gridded measurement for the cutting of construction materials which comprises the imprinting of visually precise commonly used measurement markings upon the surfaces of construction materials during the manufacturing process to save time and improve the accuracy of cutting the construction materials on a job site. Unit markings may be numbered for quick dimensional reference and fractional markings may also be used. The lines for commonly used markings may also be highlighted, darkened, doubled, tripled, dashed or dotted, and color enhanced for easy recognition. Applications may include, but are not limited to, use on wallboard, shower board, insulation, gypsum board, plywood, and any other material which must be cut to exact measurements on a construction job site. Angled cuts may be easily made by cutting along the opposite corners of a predetermined number of grids counted in both horizontal and vertical directions.

Abstract: An improved transparent measuring device having composite multicolor image (98) formed thereon using a unique pigment transfer process. The image is formed by first applying a first image 30 having pairs of lines (34,36) that form an uncolored gap (38) on the transparent sheet (76). A second image (52) having solid lines (57,58) is aligned with the first image (30) and applied to the transparent sheet (76) with a contrasting color such that the second image (52) fills in selected gaps 38. An optional third image (68) can be applied over the first and second images (30,52).

Abstract: A transparent flat sheet template facilitates joining and cutting of pieces of fabric used to make conventional quilting units, prior to assembly of the units into in a quilt. The template comprises a first edge having a first straight edge portion and a concave edge portion, the concave edge portion being a portion of a circle. The template has second and third straight edges disposed perpendicularly to each other, and a fourth edge disposed parallel to the second edge. The template also includes an arcuate guideline which is generally similar in size and shape to the concave edge portion, and a grid of first and second sets of straight guidelines marked on the template. The first set of guidelines are parallel to each other and to the first straight edge portion of the template. The second set of guidelines are parallel to each other and to the second edge of the template. The straight guidelines are used to align the template with edges of a square of fabric.

Abstract: A ruler assembly comprises a transparent overlay, an L-shaped flange having transverse and parallel legs, and fasteners for attaching the overlay to the flange. The overlay is attached to the parallel leg of the flange such that the edge of the overlay along its length is adjacent to the transverse leg of the flange.

Abstract: A means of gridded measurement for the cuing of construction materials which comprises the imprinting of commonly used measurement markings upon the surfaces of construction materials during the manufacturing process to save time and improve the accuracy of cutting the construction materials on a job site. Unit markings may be numbered for quick dimensional reference and fractional markings may also be used. The lines for commonly used markings may also be highlighted, darkened, doubled, tripled, dashed or dotted, and color enhanced for easy recognition. Applications may include, but are not limited to, use on wallboard, shower board, insulation, gypsum board, plywood, and any other material which must be cut to exact measurements on a construction job site. Angled cuts may be easily made by cutting along the opposite corners of a predetermined number of grids counted in both horizontal and vertical directions.

Abstract: An alignment mechanism and method for using the same are disclosed in which the alignment mechanism includes a sheet of translucent (including transparent) material with a plurality of horizontal and vertical intersecting traces positioned to form a grid. In a preferred embodiment, the sheet of translucent material is made of static cling vinyl to allow the sheet to hold itself to glass and other smooth surfaces. The sheet of material can also include centered X and Y axes to enable the user to determine the center of the sheet--thereby allowing the user to appropriately position art works relative to one another without relying on unaided perception.

Abstract: An inexpensive tape measure which can be incorporated into mail order catalogs and the like for providing potential purchasers of clothing or accessories a measuring device for obtaining necessary dimensions for making size and product selections consisting essentially of a sheet of material with the dimension markings printed thereon, the sheet folded in such a manner as to permit the dimension markings to become aligned in an operative manner, an attachment flap which can attached to the opposing face of the folded sheet of printed material, and a plurality of lines of separation along which the material can be cut with a knife or scissors or along which perforations can be made, thus producing an elongated tape measure.

Abstract: A thin, pliable mat to enhance visualization of corneal topography during rastostereography or videokeratoscopy. The mat is approximately 20 microns or less in thickness and constructed from hydrophobic material. In one preferred embodiment, the mat has a pattern etched thereon. In an alternative embodiment, a pattern is projected onto the mat. For rastostereography the pattern is a grid. For videokeratoscopy the pattern is concentric circles. The mat conforms to the surface of the cornea and the pattern is analyzed using conventional technology to determine corneal topography.

Abstract: A carpet measurement tool comprising a rigid rectangular plate having an upper surface, a lower surface, a pair of opposed long edges, and a pair of short edges extended therebetween; a distance ruler with a set length and scaling disposed on the upper surface of the plate near one long edge, the distance ruler a plurality of equally spaced tick marks disposed thereon; a composite ruler having a scaling equal to the distance ruler and disposed near the other long edge, the composite ruler including a plurality of sub-rulers positioned in a stacked relation, each sub-ruler aligned with the distance ruler, each sub-ruler having tick marks disposed thereon to thereby create a plurality of measuring bars with the measuring bars of each sub-ruler corresponding to a characteristic carpet type having a given breadth; and a set of columns disposed between the distance ruler and the composite ruler, each column having a scaling equal to the distance ruler and composite ruler, each column identifying a characteristic c

Abstract: A device and method of estimating a percentage of calories derived from fat contained within each serving of a food product when the amount of fat by weight and total calories per serving of the food is known or may be estimated. The device includes viewable indicia printed on at least one side of a rigid or semi-rigid rectangular sheet. The indicia includes a grid or array of numerals arranged in rows and columns and increasing both horizontally and vertically, each numeral representing a percent of calories derived from fat. The indicia further includes a first increasing numerical scale along an upright margin of the grid, each numeral representing a different amount of fat content by serving weight corresponding to a particular row. A second numerical scale is positioned along a horizontal margin of the grid, each numeral representing a quantitative number of calories corresponding to a particular column.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting double fed sheets. A sheet passes beneath a roller which is mounted on a lever so that the opposite end of the lever is deflected by an amount proportional to the thickness of the sheet. A magnet is attached to the opposite end of the lever approximate to a Hall Effect sensor fixed to the frame of the apparatus so that the hall sensor produces a signal proportional to the thickness of the sheet. The output of the hall sensor is sampled by an A/D convertor and the signals are input to a computer for processing to detect double fed sheets. Average thicknesses for subsequences of samples distributed over the sheet are computed and compared to reference levels. The length of the sheet is also compared to a reference length. If, for any of these comparisons the measured values are greater than the references a doubled detect signal is generated.

Abstract: The invention is a card-shaped, foldable kit that includes apparatus that enables a person to determine and record another person's body dimensions and apparel sizes. The information is recorded on a data card that can be referred to at a later date by the user to facilitate the purchase of a gift of the correct size.

Abstract: The present invention makes possible the quick, accurate analysis of images, especially medical diagnostic images of unknown magnification, to determine the size of objects visible therein, by reference to an object of known size or to determine the magnification ratio when it is unknown. There is provided a transparent image measuring device having one or more line pairs of varying spacing. Various scale markers are included on lines running substantially at right angles to the line pairs. The device is placed on the image over an object of known size (the reference object). The device is located so that the reference object just bridges between the spaced-apart lines in a particular location which is associated with a scale marker corresponding to the true size of the reference object.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed in which a transparent or translucent plastic template of a specific size bears a combination of inscribed marks and apertures adapted to cooperate with each other so as to enable a user to readily align, make page size and margin determinations, and draw marks on materials to be cropped and/or hole-punched in a manner that is quick, easy, and makes optimum use of both the user's time and the cropped material.

Abstract: A general-purpose device of different sizes so as to accommodate use by a person, primarily, in the altering of, and the making of, all or part of a tissue paper pattern. The device is comprised of a sheet made of tissue paper material (1) on which one side of the sheet comprises a series of straight lines ruled equal distance apart vertically (2) and horizontally (3). Some of the vertical (4) and horizontal (5) lines may, at certain intervals, be more heavily marked than the rest of the lines and so stand out from the rest of the lines thereby facilitating measuring. These heavier marked lines may be numbered consecutively vertically (6) and horizontally (7) when there is a need or demand, or both, by the public for such numbering.

Abstract: A transparent plastic overlay includes row and column markings. The overlay is aligned and laid onto a form. The form has areas which are to be filled in by a computer-driven printer. The overlay markings tell a user the row and column coordinates of every character position that can be printed on the form. The overlay markings are sized for the particular type font and spacing used by the printer. Knowing the column and row where a character should be entered, the user can easily move the cursor of the computer screen to the corresponding position using the cursor controls and the row and column data which are displayed on the screen by the computer's word processing program. The user then types on the computer keyboard the data or word characters to be printed on the form. The form is fed through the printer and the characters are printed in the correct positions. The overlay can be made in different sizes to fit the various typeface sizes and line spacings of different printers.

Abstract: A disposable paper template for accurately marking building panels to facilitate cutouts for windows, doors and other objects in a building wall. The template is formed from a thin transparent paper and is sized to conform to the panel for which it is to be used. The template carries thereon level lines and measuring scales to facilitate alignment and use.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring characteristics of a human head includes transparent grid members which are placed in front and at the side of a human head or an image of a human head. The grid members have vertical centerlines which are aligned with the center of the bridge of the nose and the front of the ear, respectively, and horizontal centerlines crossing the vertical centerlines. The horizontal centerlines have a number of spaced vertical scaling lines for measurement of distances on the head from the vertical centerlines, the vertical centerlines having a number of spaced horizontal scaling lines for measurement of distances on the head from the horizontal centerlines. Each grid member has an overlay of a pattern of symmetrical squares thereon to facilitate measurement.

Abstract: A drawing kit is provided comprising a drawing pad, a plurality of transparent geometric shaped templates, and a double pencil holder. The pages of the pad have intersecting perpendicular lines and the templates have orthogonally intersecting indicia so that the templates may successively be selected and their indicia intersections aligned with line intersections on the drawing pad, and the outline of the template traced onto the pad so as to create more line intersections on the pad, and the successive process repeated to generate composite geometric designs on the pad. The double pencil holder has a pair of substantially parallel bores therethrough which allow pencils to be force-fitted therein securely enough to resist dislodgement from normal drawing forces.

Abstract: A measuring strip for evaluating the quality of photographic half tone images which contains on a transparent base a test field (F) divided into at least two sub-fields, wherein (1) a first sub-field (F.sub.1) contains a plurality of individual areas each containing a group of opaque dots, wherein each individual area has dots of substantially equal size uniformly distributed in a transparent background area, and wherein (2) a second sub-field (F.sub.

Abstract: A jig for a cross hatching test which is rectangular in shape and is used for ruling straight lines intersecting each other at a predetermined angle on a rectangular test plate, including (a) a first straight line passing on the surface of the jig with an angle, for adjusting the left longer side of the test plate to draw a straight line on the test plate with the right longer side of the jig; (b) a second straight line orthogonal to the first straight line, for adjusting the lower shorter side of the test plate; (c) a third straight line with the predetermined angle to the left longer side of the jig, for adjusting the drawn straight line to draw another straight line with the left longer side of the jib with the predetermined angle to the previously drawn straight line; and (d) an opening interposed in the middle of the first straight line, for adjusting the left longer side of the plate to the first straight line to draw the straight line on the test plate with the right longer side of the jig.

Abstract: A template is provided for laying out cut lines for mats utilized in framing prints, stamps and the like. The template's outer dimension provides the outer dimension of the mat and a plurality of precisionly located holes are utilized to place marks on the mat, which marks are connected by lines which intersect with the matting being cut out along the intersecting lines to the intersection of the lines.

Abstract: A convenient and economical artwork analysis device that visually aids an observer in determining the existence of geometric interrelationships among the artistic elements making up a work of art. The device includes a transparent sheet of synthetic resin material, a plurality of opaque indicia impressed on the sheet presenting a plurality of geometric patterns with small indication circles surrounding and drawing attention to key points of intersection of the indicia. A handle is integral with the sheet for positioning the sheet in order to visually superimpose the indicia on the work of art to aid the observer in determining the existence of and analyzing geometric interrelationships among the artwork elements. In use, the observer holds the device to observe the work of art therethrough and to visually superimpose the indicia thereon.

Abstract: An information converter for use with a pre-printed information listing, such as a television programming guide listings chart comprising a transparent film means such as a plastic sheet for superimposing onto the listings chart such that substantially all of the listings presented on the television listings chart are viewable through the plastic sheet. The information converter further comprises first cross-reference means for converting television station numbers and call letters presented on the listings chart into numbers which are directly usable by the reader to identify television tuner locations where each television station listed in the listings chart can be received on his or her television set. Further, the information converter can include second cross-reference means for converting the call letters of television stations not listed in the listings chart directly into numerical information needed to locate the stations on a television set.

Abstract: An upholstery pleat layout device having a pounce template with a plurality of parallel rows of apertures and a pounce applicator assembly. The pounce template preferably further includes indexing indicia positioned in indexed relation to the rows of apertures to enable the template to be moved between a plurality of index positions for the formation of pleat layout patterns by a combination of pounce markings. The applicator assembly includes a felt applicator, a piece of chalk and a chalk holder supporting the chalk in a position for rubbing of the felt applicator across the surface of the chalk to transfer chalk pounce to the applicator for subsequent transfer of pounce from the applicator through the pounce template.

Abstract: A reticle plate provided with a reticle and three concentric circles of ving diameter and methods of use thereof, the invention allows a user to establish a north-oriented or south-oriented line by alignment of selected circumpolar stars with the circles. The circles are located on the reticle plate in positions determined by angles which exist between the celestial north (or south) pole and the particular low-magnitude circumpolar stars chosen as sighting points, the radii of the circles being directly proportional to the objective lens focal length of the theodolite or optical instrument within which the plate is used. A first method of the invention allows unambiguous location of the north or south pole by alignment of each of three selected stars with one each of the three circles. A second method provides data to a user sufficient to locate the pole by alignment of innermost and outermost circles respectively with one each of two of the selected stars.

Abstract: A gage for use by collectors of picture cards of sports celebrities adapted to gage the uniformity of margins on such cards without damage to the edges or the corners thereof.

Abstract: An activity entry apparatus for making activity entries onto pre-established time log activity forms is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a time log form overlay sheet of resilient and significantly transparent material having a series of writing instrument guides extending therethrough. The guides define a series of activity change segments having lengths at least great enough to extend from one time log form activity section to a directly adjacent time log form activity section. At least one such activity change segment has a length great enough to extend from and between activity sections on the time log form which are separated furthest from one another. The guides also define time interval segments which extend from the activity change segments. The time interval segments have lengths which are equal to predetermined distances between log form time indicator lines which represent selected intervals of time during the pre-established time period for a given activity on the time log form.

Abstract: A forms layout gauge for measuring the coordinates of blank spaces on a paper form at which to print characters using a computer-controlled printer, the gauge consisting of a transparent sheet having printed thereon a plurality of rows of vertically-oriented characters in line spacing and a plurality of rows of horizontally-oriented characters in intersecting relation in pitch spacing to form a grid defining a multiplicity of rectangular windows through which the underlying paper form can be viewed.

Abstract: A framer is disclosed for selecting and defining the position of a portion of a visual work. The framer may include a frame defining aperture which may be moved relative to the work to place the aperture over the selected portion of the work and communication indicia for denoting the position of the aperture relative to selected boundaries or references on the work.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for allowing the accurate calculation of the minimum number of linear feet of carpet which must be cut from a standard width roll and delivered to an installation site to completely, properly and efficiently cover the floor at the installation site. The present invention provides a length of measurement tape which is scaled in width to the width of a standard roll of carpet. The measurement tape is perforated at increments along its length and width, and includes indicators of carpet grain direction and pattern repetition intervals along its length and/or width.

Abstract: A framer is disclosed for selecting and defining the position of a portion of a visual work. The framer may include a frame defining aperture which may be moved relative to the work to place the aperture over the selected portion of the work and communication indicia for denoting the position of the aperture relative to selected boundaries or references on the work.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a chart and a preferred method of using it.The chart consists of predetermined measurements printed, preferrably on a durable paper.The chart is designed to give double fullness to drapes. This is accomplished by the pleated and the unpleated areas being the same width.Vertical numbers 1-27 get progessively larger. They determine, by moving horizontally down the chart, the location of each pleat and unpleated area.Horizontal lines start out progressively larger and they then continue to be drawn the same width down the remainder of the chart, approximately 13 feet 6 inches.These lines determine how wide the pleated and unpleated areas are to be.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a fiber collection and storage device comprising in combination (1) a stable, transparent carrier base material preponderate on a surface thereof with a grid and label, the grid having uniquely identified areas wherein collected fibers are located and the label providing identification indicia, (2) an adhesive layer is disposed on the surface of the carrier base material, the adhesive layer being capable of collecting and recovering transferred-fibers from textile articles, and (3) a transparent and flexible cover for occlusively covering the adhesive layer and the method for using the device.

Abstract: A measuring device (10) formed from a rectangular sheet (11) of transparent material having a pattern of composite vertical lines (16) and composite horizontal lines (18) that form squares (20). Each composite line is formed of a first line (24) of a first color and a second line (26) of a second color different than the first color, such that the composite line will be visible against backgrounds of various colors. The first line is preferably of a lesser breadth than the second line, and is superimposed on the second line so that second line is visible on each side of the first line, and either line will be visible against a multicolored background. The composite lines may be consecutively numbered with numbers (28), and single colored angled lines (22) may be provided having markings (32) representing the angle in degrees that each angled line makes with the vertical lines.

Abstract: A transparent straightedge with two L-shaped slots, a multiplicity of vertical and horizontal scales running adjacent to and parallel to the slots, and reference arrows. The L-shaped slots are exactly 90 degrees. Center reference scales in the center portion running vertically. The reference arrows line up with the slots. Opposing scales and center reference scales are all in alignment.

Abstract: A preplanned system entitled "preliminary recording activity by guide and point" is a topmost sheet and also a perforating point for perforating the said topmost sheet and going onto an underlying sheet to process, symbolize, chart, map, layout, draw, write, and record on the said underlying sheet; this system invention has replaced scale and ruler with detachable, disposable said topmost sheet, said perforating point and straight edge; this invention has also brought the rough, repliminary recording phase closer to and has substituted part of the activity for finishing the processed said underlying sheet and thereby also replaced all previously used marks and their removal for all correct activity on the said underlying sheet transferring all these temporarily used marks onto the detachable, disposable said topmost sheet for a cleaner processed and quickly finished said underlying sheet; the novelty is the positioning, perforation point hole indicators made by the said perforating point through the said topm

Abstract: A framer for selecting and defining the position of a portion of a visual work. It may include a frame defining an aperture which may be moved relative to the work to place the aperture over the selected portion of the work and communication indicia for denoting the position of the frame relative to selected boundaries of the work.

Abstract: The sighting angles to above horizon points in the geostationary satellite orbit around the earth are determined from any known location on the earth with this device.

Abstract: A moire simulator comprises a moire detecting pattern constituted by grating patterns having equal grating constants and equal grating shapes, and an angle scale. The moire detecting pattern and the angle scale are positioned on at least one transparent plate. The moire simulator is superposed on an original and rotated thereon to read a rotation angle with respect to the original, at which the extent of generation of a moire pattern is the lowest, by using the angle scale. A setting angle of a screen during screening at which the extent of generation of a moire pattern is the lowest is then calculated before a screening process is started.

Abstract: A transparent ruler with a U-shaped slot, a multiplicity of separate scales, and reference numbers. The scales are exactly perpendicular to each other, with one being horizontal and the others being vertical. Three slots are on the ruler, two of which are parallel with the vertical scales and one of which is parallel to the horizontal scale. The slots intersect so as to form one big square U-shaped slot. There are arrows on the top and side edges of the ruler which are collinear with the slots. These arrows are used for reference purposes when extending a line, squaring a line with respect to another line, etc. The vertical scales are used to draw perfectly parallel lines with respect to the horizontal slot.

Abstract: A template-like gauge has a plate-like body which is at least in most part transparent and carries a reference point and a first plurality of parallel lines along with a read-out portion which in turn is made-up of second and third pluralities of lines to cooperatively define a plurality of gauge areas, each of the gauge areas represents a different set of coordinates for aiming an associated X-ray source; an additional plurality of radiating angularly spaced gauge lines are also provided; when the plate-like body is placed against a lateral cephalogram and the reference point is situated at the articulare and the palatal plane of the cephalogram is positioned at least parallel to one of the lines in the first plurality of parallel lines, the sella appears in one of the gauging areas and the coordinates corresponding thereto are employed for aiming the X-ray source.

Abstract: A transparent plastic mark locator for determining compliance of indicia with postal specifications. The locator is a rectangular transparent plate with three perpendicular locating edges. Indicia on the plate define areas for location of postal specification information and codes including three alternative Facing Identification Mark patterns for use in a defined "FIM" print area.

Abstract: An image layout arrangement suitable for transposing small template located images into large work surface located images with any required degree of image resolution and detail, using simple, low-cost tools. An exemplary layout of aircraft images to a runway surface for use in enhancing air base survivability is included and employs point-by-point image transposition according to a plurality of point locating arrangements.