Abstract: A leveling device for leveling tools and workpieces which has extending shafts at opposite ends with one shaft being adapted to be inserted into a tool so as to adjust and indicate whether it is level and the other shaft being adjusted to receive a drilling or grinding tool or a flat plate such that the surface of a workpiece can be leveled.

Abstract: An inclination sensor, in particular for measuring an inclination of service lines and/or ram boring machines, comprising a pendulum arranged in a measuring cell and at least one displacement sensor measuring the deflection of the pendulum. The pendulum comprises a body moving on a circular arcuate path in the measuring cell, the length of the pendulum being the same as the radius of the path. In this way a pendulum length can be obtained that is larger than the diameter of the measuring cell so as to obtain a large deflection of the body for a given angle and thereby achieve high sensitivity and accuracy of measurement.

Abstract: A hand held instrument for determining the degree of angular deviation of a line between selected points on a subject from a gravity-dependent reference, including a transparent base through which the selected points may be viewed and a gravity-dependent indicator mounted on the base for free rotation under the influence of gravity. The base includes indicia complementary with the gravity-dependent indicator to provide an indication of the degree of deviation between the gravity-dependent indicator and the line between selected points on the subject when the instrument is held in a substantially upright position.

Abstract: A pendulous compensator for use in a light beam projector including a light beam source comprises first and second upper pulleys spaced from one another and secured to the light beam projector. First and second lower pulleys are positioned beneath the first and second upper pulleys and supported by filament strands, tapes, loops or the like extending around the upper and lower pulleys. A pendulum mirror is secured to and supported between the first and second lower pulleys for receiving a light beam from the light beam source and reflecting the light beam in a desired angular orientation relative to horizontal. The first and second lower pulleys in the pendulum mirror are supported such that the pendulum mirror is moved to compensate for tilting of the light beam projector. The first and second upper pulleys or a folding mirror may be controlled to select a grade angle relative to horizontal of a projected light beam.

Abstract: An indicator to be squeezed between the parts to be aligned in which the indication is provided by a level device associated with the indicator.

Abstract: Device for indicating the angular position between a first part and a part which is rotatable relative to the first part. Each of these parts exhibits a grating (15, 16) consisting of a pattern which, in each grating, comprises opaque lines separated by interspaces, the gratings together being arranged to provide an easily readable moire pattern which indicates whether the opaque lines in the one grating are at a certain position relative to the opaque lines of the other grating. The interspaces of each grating (15, 16) exhibit mutually differing widths, with a width which gradually increases over the height of the one grating (15) in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the interspaces and a width which gradually decreases over the height of the other grating (16) transverse to the longitudinal direction of the interspaces and in the same direction.

Abstract: The goniometer (1) comprises a scale (203) having three sectors (204, 205, 206) in degrees, grads, and percent. A pointer arrangement (207) is disposed above the scale, and a central arbor bears a handle (208). Fixed in an extension (210) of the handle is a measuring rod (213) which can be used to transfer the angle indicated on the scale to an external item. The pointer arrangement can be locked via a mechanism by a slide (214) disposed in the handle when a locating mark (211is situated over a pointer. The goniometer can be detachably connected to a measuring bar, to which an angle gauge (217) may also be secured.

Abstract: The device for taking measurements for sewing has a housing with a circular peripheral edge and a straight transverse edge, a scale provided at the straight transverse edge for measuring a length of body parts, two scales provided at the circular peripheral edge for determining deviations of the body part from horizontal and vertical planes, and a standing surface provided on the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for locating the vertical axis of symmetry of a sace of horizontal circular cross-section. The apparatus has a plumb structure that establishes a vertical line of sight, and a horizontal translating structure that preselectedly locates the plumb in the two horizontal dimensions. The plumb has at least three arms whose ends are constrained to lie on a circular perimeter which, because the arms are fixed to the plumb, is horizontally disposed. The translating structure and the arms are manipulated so that the end of the arms touch the surface, constraining the line of sight to be colinear with the axis of symmetry. A laser can make the axis visible. The apparatus and method are useable to locate the focal axis and focus of a parabolic antenna.

Abstract: A device for three-dimensional measurements of body portions relative to overall body posture. The device includes two diverging main arms, being elongated, rigid and cylindrical, and pivotally interconnected at one end by a transverse bolt. Two elongated, rigid, cylindrical, support rods are mounted transversely to one of the main arms, one rod slidable lengthwisely thereof. Each arm includes a spirit level embedded therein, and one arm further includes a scale plate embedded therein. A transverse scale ruler is pivoted spacedly to two sleeves slidable along one and the other arm, respectively. A gravitational goniometer is mounted to the main arm not connected to the rods, for lengthwise displacement thereabout. The rods are to abut joint portions of a human body, and at least one of the spirit levels and goniometer to be levelled before the scales can be effectively used, cooperatively with comparison charts of normal dimensions-posture ratios data.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the correction of errors in the measurement of caster, king-pin-inclination and camber on motor vehicles. Inclinometers are used whereby errors are avoided of the type caused by non-horizontal positioning of the vehicle under test. Measurements on the vehicle can easily be carried out without special loading-weights and without roping the vehicle down to the ground. The additional angles of error caused by the inclined position of the vehicle with respect to the horizontal are measured and combined as a correction factor with the measured geometrical values.

Abstract: A level for determining whether a surface is horizontal and which can also be used to determine the angular relationship between the surface or a line on the surface and the horizontal. The level utilizes a rotating pendulum designed with a pointer that indicates a direction representing the vertical. The pointer (or vertical indicator) is biased in this position by a weight (or alternatively a float) and it points to scale markings that calibrate the position of the rotating pendulum to correspondingly represent the angular deviation of the surface from the horizontal. The weight and the pointer are attached by a set screw which allows the weight to be pivoted with respect to the pointer so that the center of gravity of the rotating pendulum as a whole can be altered and the direction in which the pointer points can be adjusted for accuracy.

Abstract: An electronic level for determining the angular orientation of a structure, where the error angle between actual and desired angular orientation of the structure is indicated by a variable signal perceptible to the user.

Abstract: A cant angle sensor assembly, includes a pendulum pivoted on a supporting system adapted to be mounted on an object whose cant angle is to be sensed, for swinging movement in a direction of tilt of the object, a movable electrode provided on the pendulum and having a first and a second movable electrode plate, and a first stationary electrode plate fixedly mounted on the supporting system in an opposed relation to one of the first and second movable electrode plates of the movable electrode at a predetermined gap, with an area of the first stationary electrode plate opposed to one of the first and second movable electrode plates being invariable despite vibration of the pendulum.

Abstract: A device for ascertaining the camber and caster positions of vehicle front wheels including a base frame having a depending plate freely pivotal on an axis normal to the base frame and a depending pointer freely pivoted to the plate on an axis normal to the first axis. A scale is adjustably mounted on the lower end of the plate and a lock is provided on the base frame for securing the plate from pivotal movement while not in use. The outer ends of the base frame are provided with extension plates for engaging the side of relatively small wheels, and flange members are removably mounted on the extension plates for engaging a wheel rim of relatively large wheels. A handle is connected to the base frame so that the device may be manually placed against the vehicle wheel.

Abstract: A new solid state electronic position indicator used to determine the horizontal and longitudinal level attitude of a recreation vehicle. This device, mounted on the frame of the vehicle, senses an imbalance condition by relying on a gravity sensitive compound pendulum. The pendulum is rectangular in shape, rotating about a shaft mounted ball bearing. Movement of this pendulum is detected by the electronic sensing circuit. This circuit sends an electrical signal to a visual or audio receiver mounted within a control panel, remote from the sensor. The control panel is normally mounted on dash of tow vehicle. The signal display indicates which side or end of the recreation vehicle requires elevation to attain a level attitude required to safely operate the propane gas operated appliances, e.g. (refrigerator, hot water heater) and provide creature comfort.

Abstract: A carpenter's level is described which includes an inclination indicator mounted in the web of an I-beam shaped frame. The inclination indicator includes a pair of transparent window panels affixed on each side of the web to enclose an aperture in the web, the window panels having interiorly directed sockets for holding the pin upon which a pendulum swings. Indicia is imprinted on the inside face of the window panels so that it will not wear off. Bolt holes through the window panels and web positively seat the window panels in alignment with the level's faces. Adjustment screws through the pivot shaft apertures at the center of each of the window panels enable axial adjustment of the pendulum and pivot shaft.

Abstract: A vertical alignment apparatus has a light and a light fixture attached to a cable to be lowered into the cylinder to be aligned. A disk mounted on top of the light fixture and centered about the light fixture and the cable causes the light emitted from the light fixture to form a halo between the disk and the wall of the cylinder. A tripod on top of the cylinder movingly centers the light, light fixture and disk in the cylinder. The method of the invention involves lowering the apparatus into the cylinder. The light fixture is activated to create a halo of light around the disk. The light fixture is then raised up the casing, and the casing is adjusted until the halo has circular consistency.

Abstract: An improved mislevel sensing device having a balanced pair of capacitive pick-up circuits includes a pendulously-suspended common electrode assembly comprising a leaf spring member in the available flexing length of which is located a centrally-disposed hole which effectively reduces the cross-sectional dimensions of the suspension leaf member in that area, consequently restricting the beam-like flexure of the leaf to that area and away from sharp stress-imparting edges of leaf-clamping members of the device. The device further includes means for readily adjusting its attitude with respect to a primary reference axis of the host instrument, and means for providing protection of the functional capacitive couples from variable stray capacitive fields arising within the instrument, and from the intrusion of capacitance-effecting ambient moisture.

Abstract: A viewing device to assist a golfer or the like in assessing transverse inclination of terrain along his sight line, including a base assembly adapted for attachment to a cap, hat or headpiece worn by the golfer or the like, a vertical plumb element pivoted to the base assembly about an axis parallel to the wearer's sight line of the terrain and a horizontal sighting element fixed perpendicularly along its length permitting the wearer to view seleccted terrain relative to the horizontal sighting element and rapidly assess its transverse inclination. With the base assembly secured to the bill of a cap or the like, a viewing frame surrounds the vertical plumb element and horizontal sighting element while including means for retaining both the viewing frame and vertical plumb element and horizontal sighting element out of the wearer's sight line when desired.

Abstract: A pointer-type level disclosed has a frame with a central transverse opening, a pair of depending pointers on the end of a shaft mounted on a single center bearing. A mounting assembly includes a pair of support disks for supporting the bearing and a pair of end caps that clamp the support disks to the sides of the frame.

Abstract: A lip extends along the free side of the base of a protractor for suspending the protractor upside down from a guide cord. A freely hanging weight or "plumb bob" is suspended from the center point between the protractor base lines. When the plumb bob points to a predetermined angle on the protractor scale, the guide cord will be laid out along the same desired angle from the horizontal.

Abstract: An inclinometer comprises a casing, a pendulum mounted in the casing and having a pendulum swing axis, a mass in the form of a flywheel mounted in the casing and which tends to remain stationary when the casing is rotated about the pendulum swing axis, and a damping means coupling the pendulum to the flywheel.

Abstract: Two sector-shaped pendulums are supported by crossed leaf springs at two axes on the same horizontal level respectively in a symmetrical manner so that each pendulum can swing about the axis thereof, sector-shaped surfaces of the pendulums being connected to each other by mutually-crossing flexible wires, each pendulum having a movable weight and a rigid extension so that a coiled spring connects the rigid extensions of the two pendulums, and each pendulum has a means for adjusting the center of gravity thereof by moving said weight and for adjusting the location of joints of said coiled spring.

Abstract: An adjustable level apparatus (10) comprising a core level unit (11) provided with a pair of extension arm units (12) that are formed by upper (25) and lower (26) housing casings that are connected together through the core level unit (11), and the extension arm units (12) are further provided with extension leg units (13) on their ends, having an extension leg that is extendable perpendicular to the axis of reciprocation of the extension arm units (12) on the core level unit (11).

Abstract: An inclinometer for producing high resolution signals of inclination relative to various references and which is capable of displaying inclination angles in various modes. High resolution data signals are produced through the use of a digital encoding wheel which is suspended in equilibrium in a fluid to substantially eliminate frictional forces. A microprocessor, or state logic machine is used to analyze and process the data to provide various displays of inclination including an audible output.

Abstract: A draftsman's stippling device, small enough to be manually held during use, includes a vibratable cantelever bar supported in a small housing and having a free end projecting to the outside on which end a stippling pen is mounted. A cam disk having lobes about its periphery is adapted to be rotated by means of a battery powered mini-motor and reduction gearing at high speed against the upper surface of the bar. The lobes on the spinning cam disk successively depress the bar against the opposing tension of a return spring, whereby the bar and pen rapidly vibrate as a unit to enable stippling of a drawing surface disposed below the pen.

Abstract: A pendulum level which is a combination pendulum and level. It includes a rectangular frame with no back and front panels and two spaced cross bars, a pendulum that is pivotally secured to one of the cross bars and detachably secured to the other cross bar, and a level which is adjustably secured to the side of the frame. The location of the pivot point of the pendulum and the use of a longer and heavier pendulum allows the pendulum to swing freely yet quickly settle to the truly vertical. The pendulum type operation depends only on gravity for accuracy and will not get out adjustment as presently made levels do. A long vial is used in the level because it is more accurate, easier to see and use. The mounting system of the vial allows for the adjustment of the vial when it is not true. The vial is exposed for easy cleaning.

Abstract: An angle change detector which can also be used as an inclination angle detector comprises a pair of opposing magnets, a sector-shaped pendulum made of an electroconductive non-magnetic material and swingable past a spacing between the opposing magnets, and a pair of photosensors disposed on both side edges of the pendulum. Each photosensor comprises a light emitting diode and a phototransistor disposed on both sides of the pendulum. Output signals of the phototransistors are compared with a reference signal for producing an output signal corresponding to the degree of swinging of the pendulum.

Abstract: To determine the deviation of two juxtaposed cylindrical rollers from parallelism of their axes, the angle included between a reference direction (e.g. vertical) and a line tangent to the roller surfaces is measured and the process is repeated at another location axially spaced from the first one. The method is particularly applicable to calendering rollers in paper-making machinery or the like.

Abstract: An angle change detector which can also be used as an inclination angle detector comprises a pair of opposing magnets, a sector-shaped pendulum made of an electroconductive non-magnetic material and swingable past a spacing between the opposing magnets, and a pair of photosensors disposed on both side edges of the pendulum. Each photosensor comprises a light emitting diode and a phototransistor disposed on both sides of the pendulum. Output signals of the phototransistors are compared with a reference signal for producing an output signal corresponding to the degree of swinging of the pendulum.

Abstract: A viscous dampened sensitive pendulum carries a generally upwardly directed light source for indicating the gravity vertical. The sensitive pendulum is carried for two degrees of pivotal freedom by flexural pivots which are biased for operation at an error free or hysteresis free zero spring rate for small pivotal deflections. A drive pendulum coupled through the flexural pivots to the sensitive pendulum maintains a small pivotal deflection so that error free, zero spring rate, operation is achieved.

Abstract: An inclinometer comprising a sector weight pivotally supported on a main body which may become inclined, the weight being relatively rotatable with respect to the main body and constantly hanging vertically due to gravity regardless of an inclination of the main body. A code part is provided on the weight, corresponding to a plurality of bits based on a predetermined code according to a relative rotary angle of the weight with respect to the main body, and a detecting part which becomes inclined together with the main body and becomes displaced with respect to the weight along each of the bits of the code part, produces a detection output based on the predetermined code according to the inclination angle of the main body.

Abstract: A hand-held instrument for aligning the point of a lathe cutting tool on the level of the longitudinal axis of a cylindrical work piece mounted for rotation in a lathe. The instrument comprises a shaft with a visually-ascertainable gauge, preferably in the form of a spirit level, fixedly secured to one end of the shaft, and a counterweight at the other end of the shaft. The instrument is adapted to be temporarily placed and lightly suspended by the pressure between the point of the carriage-mounted cutting tool and the cylindrical work piece, with the spirit level end of the instrument projecting upwardly whereby vertical adjustment of the cutting tool to the desired horizontal alignment with the work piece axis is accomplished when the spirit level indicates the shaft of the instrument is oriented at true vertical.

Abstract: A novelty for apparently indicating earthquakes, including a circular base marked with concentric circles on its upper side defining different earthquake intensities, a frame upon the base supporting a freely depending electrical contact through a supported circular contact so that in case the device is tilted, the contacts touch and thus close a circuit to a warning alarm.

Abstract: A digital level is disclosed that includes a digital display for displaying the angle of inclination between a straight edge of a digital level and a desired reference plane. An alarm is also included to indicate whenever the digital level is held parallel to a desired reference plane, such as alevel horizontal plane, or a vertical plane. The level transducer employed within the digital level includes a rotating member that is weighted so as to always be aligned with a gravitational field in which the level is used. The body of the level includes flip-up sights so that it can readily be used as a transit. A microswitch located on the underneath side of the level automatically powers the circuitry used in connection with the sensing circuitry and digital display whenever the level is placed on a planar surface.

Abstract: A vertical indicating device is comprised of a compound pendulum immersed in a liquid and one or more paddles attached to the pendulum to couple its motion to the liquid. The effective length of the equivalent pendulum is much longer than the physical dimension of the device. The loading on the bearing is minimal, thus, achieving low friction and high accuracy.

Abstract: A device for determining an angle of inclination of a ship has a curved guiding member fixedly connected with the ship and inclinable together with the latter, a rolling member arranged to roll on said guiding member in response to inclination of the ship and thereby inclination of said curved guiding member between a plurality of positions, and a recorder for recording the angle of inclination of the ship and operative in dependence upon a position of said rolling member on said curved guiding member.

Abstract: A plurality of ramp planks of a predetermined thickness are stackable on a frame, to determine the height of the ramp. Each successive plank, in the upper direction, is shorter than the one below it. The number of planks utilized determines the height of elevation of the wheel. The degree that a vehicle is off level is measured by an inclinometer carried by the vehicle. The reading on the inclinometer tells the user the number of ramp planks he should use so that when a low side wheel of the vehicle is driven up onto the ramp, the vehicle will be substantially level. Indicia is provided on the ramp planks corresponding to indicia on the inclinometer.

Abstract: Two tubular elements are connected by a ball-and-socket joint and arrangements are provided for measuring angular displacement which occurs between the longitudinal center axes of the two elements.

Abstract: A gauge for the measurement of the shoulder bone angles of horses with respect to gravity, as an aid in the proper shoeing of the fore feet. The gauge has a gravity reference pointer which swings about a pivot axis so that it points downward under the influence of gravity, and protractor means to indicate the relative angle between the gravity pointer and the horse's shoulder bone angle. The protractor means include an angle scale, a concave locating cup adapted for positioning over the horse's shoulder point, an opposite bone angle pointer integral therewith and optional clamp means for controllably securing the gravity reference pointer with respect to the scale.

Abstract: A thin, rigid plane of plastic, wood or heavy card stock approximately 9 inches on a side to define a square is arranged to engage a person's chest. A right angle 90.degree. protractor in turn is secured to the stock with the zero angle line extending along the surface of the device. A weighted pointer hangs free to indicate on the protractor the chest angle to the vertical; that is, the inclination angle of the member to the vertical which in turn determines the chest angle. This chest angle is the same angle to be provided in a control (bust) dart. In other words, this chest angle corresponds to the angle needed to be taken up in the control (bust) dart of the bodice of the pattern for a garment to bring the cross grain line of the fabric to the necessary horizontal position for a proper unwrinkled fit. Other appropriate measurements are made cooperating with the dart angle measurement described to define proper positioning for the dart, so that a proper unwrinkled fit is assured.

Abstract: An inclinometer test assembly comprising a horizontal base plate, a vertical column mounted on the base plate, a support arm pivotally mounted intermediate its ends on the column, the arm having a longitudinally extending recess for receiving the cylindrical body of an inclinometer therein for the purpose of testing the inclinometer, a finger-like clip securing the inclinometer body within the recess, a three-point adjustment for the leveling of the base plate, a pointer plate and a degree plate mounted on the arm and column, respectively, for the positioning of the arm at a predetermined angle relative to the true vertical in order to test the inclinometer.

Abstract: A tip-over warning system for vehicles of the articulated type utilizes a swinging pendulum pivoted in a frame which is mounted on and simulates the stability triangle of the vehicle. The pivotal connection of the pendulum is at a scale distance relative to the frame corresponding to the location of the vehicle center of gravity. The side arms of the frame are variable in length and pivoted, allowing the apex of the frame to move. The apex is moved by a servo motor in accordance with the steering angle of the vehicle. The pendulum and frame are connected in an electrical circuit including a current source and an alarm device. When the pendulum touches a side arm of the frame the circuit is completed, thus energizing the alarm device.

Abstract: An accelerometer is provided which comprises a pendulum rotatable about an axis and which is arranged for measuring vertical angles. A rotatable device which is preferably of the moving coil type is located at the axis of rotation of the pendulum. The rotational device preferably comprises magnet arrangement for providing a constant magnetic field, and a movable coil which supports the pendulum for rotation and is rotatable in the magnetic field. The angle to be determined is measured by rotating the magnet arrangement about the axis from a reference position to the desired angular position and thereafter supplying current through the coil of such strength and polarity that the coil, and thus the pendulum is rotated about the axis of rotation from the vertical reference position it would normally assume due to the forces of gravity to the angular position of the magnet arrangement. The current required to effect such rotation of the pendulum is proportional to the angle to be measured.

Abstract: A positioning device is provided which is adapted to be secured to the back edge of a picture frame or the like. The device comprises a pivotally mounted indicator arm adapted to freely hang in the vertical plane when the picture frame on which disposed is in a normal hung position. When the picture frame is horizontally level no portion of the indicator arm is visible from the picture front; when the picture is not level a portion of the indicator is visible to the picture viewer.

Abstract: A precision level, plumb and angle indicating device responsive to static gravity which has a hollow square frame provided with substantially equal parallel planar surfaces arranged with permanent magnet blocks embedded within each corner for abutting against a horizontal or vertical plane of an object, particularly a machine tool, for determining and/or orienting angles of inclination, as well as establishing level or plumb references to as close a tolerance as one sixtieth of an angular degree(minute). A circular plate or disk and a disk ring with indicia or graduations and corresponding numerals, adjustably disposed within an annular frame selectively rotatable about an opening at the front of said hollow square frame, cooperates with indicating pointers operatively affixed on shafts centrally located within the aforementioned circular plate or disk with degree graduations, and said disk ring displays minute graduations.

Abstract: A scribing protractor comprises a dial calibrated in selected units of angular measurement and plumb needle means pivotally mounted overlying the dial for determining the angle with reference to the vertical of a surface to be measured. Scribing means are provided on the assembly for marking the position of the protractor at the angle location.

Abstract: An inclinometer having a pendulum means pivotally mounted within a housing, the pendulum having a circular sector member mounted thereon which is rotatively coupled to a roller by means of a coupling strap between the sector and roller. The ends of the coupling strap are fixed in place on the ends of the circumference of the sector and the strap encircles the roller. The roller is coupled to a rotating pointer mounted on the housing. The coupling strap has two parallel sections on one side of the sector which develop into a single section on the opposite side of the sector.

Abstract: The corrected values to compensate for errors in instrumental levelling of a theodolite and similar instruments are found by determining angles of elevation and/or horizontal directions, measuring the instrumental levelling errors, and calculating the error free values of the instrument.