Abstract: A self-optimizing, adaptive product processing system and a corresponding method for grinding and/or crushing cereals and seeds. The grinding and/or crushing takes place in at least one roller mill which includes a roller pair. So as to detect the temperature of the surfaces of the rollers, at least two temperature sensors are disposed on at least one of the rollers. The detected temperature measurement values are used for optimal adjustment and signal generation of the roller setting.

Abstract: A work vehicle for maintenance of an electrical catenary includes a vehicle frame supported on on-track undercarriages and a vehicle superstructure situated on the vehicle frame. A first grounding device is disposed at a first vehicle end relative to a longitudinal direction of the vehicle. A crane having a vertically and transversely adjustable work platform is disposed at an opposite, second vehicle end. A second grounding device is provided at the second vehicle end.

Abstract: Provided is a wire electric discharge machine in which workpiece attaching and detaching unit attaches and detaches a workpiece to and from workpiece fixing unit, machining-reference-part detecting unit detects the position of a machining reference part of the workpiece, workpiece-positioning executing unit positions the workpiece in a position where the workpiece does not collide with machining-reference-part measuring unit, measurement-positioning executing unit positions the machining-reference-part measuring unit in a predetermined measurement start position, the machining-reference-part measuring unit measures the position of the machining reference part of the workpiece, and machining-reference-part-measurement executing unit executes a position measuring operation for the machining reference part of the workpiece using the machining-reference-part measuring unit.

Abstract: An electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurement device (1) includes a measurement belt (10) to which a plurality of electrode pads arranged in a row and a plurality of strain gauges arranged in parallel to the plurality of electrode pads are integrally adhered and configured to be used after being wrapped around a portion (X) serving as a measurement target of a living body, an EIT measurement control unit configured to acquire a tomographic image of the portion (X) serving as the measurement target while applying a current to the plurality of electrode pads and acquiring a voltage signal generated between the electrode pads, and a contour estimation unit configured to estimate a contour shape of the portion serving as the measurement target and a size of the contour shape on the basis of curvature data acquired via the strain gauge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a calibration device (1) and to a coordinate measuring system for measuring the signal-inducing sensing deflection ITr of tactile measuring probes (2). A reference surface (8) of the reference element (7) is arranged with respect to the field of view (9) of the detector (5) in such a way that, in the event of signal-inducing contact of the sensing surface (4) of the sensing element (3) with the reference surface (8), the sensing surface (4) or parts of the sensing surface (4) lies or lie in the field of view (9) of the detector (5), the detector (5) and the calculation unit (6) being able to calculate the precise position of the sensing element (3) from the detected part of the sensing surface (4).

Abstract: In an apparatus for checking sheet material a plurality of sensors is arranged along a sensor path along which the sheet material is transported. The sensors each have two components, which are arranged at opposite sides of the bank note transport path. For the functioning of many sensors it is necessary that the opposing sensor components are exactly aligned to each other. So as to achieve that the alignment of the sensor components arranged opposite each other is set with high accuracy and reproducible, the relative position of the sensor components opposing each other is defined by means of docking elements.

Abstract: Diametral measurement systems can be used to measure and evaluate the diametral variation of cylindrical objects, such as cylindrical rock cores. A diametral measurement system can include two indicator gauges aligned opposite one another for measuring diametral variation as the cylindrical object is rotated. Measurements from the diametral measurement system may be obtained at predetermined intervals through one or more rotations of the cylindrical object. The measurements obtained from diametral measurement systems can be used to evaluate the magnitude and orientation of in-situ stress and strain normal to the rock core axis.

Abstract: A thickness detection device comprises: a feed roller (130), a thickness detection unit (110,210) and a thickness measurement unit (120,220).

Abstract: The invention concerns to a method and arrangement for a suspension system that may be constituted by a harvesting trait of a forestry harvester and which suspension system is of the type that has a wheel supported and provided with an angle sensor in order to form a measurement wheel for the measurement of length, with an arm pivotably attached to a frame in such a manner that the wheel can be adjusted from positions in contact with and out of contact with a surface of the object whose length is to be measured while the object is fed in its longitudinal direction past the measurement wheel running against the circumference of the measurement wheel, whereby the said object may be constituted by a tree trunk taken up into a harvester unit.

Abstract: A method for improving an accuracy of measurement of the thickness of a green sheet, and additionally improving yield of a green sheet used for formation of a laminated body is provided. The thickness of each of a plurality of ceramic green sheets is measured, and an average and a variation of obtained thickness measurement values are checked against predetermined ranking criteria. Thereby, a ranking is performed in which the plurality of ceramic green sheets are classified into a plurality of ranks set in the ranking criteria. When forming the laminated body, only a ceramic green sheet belonging to at least one of the ranks which is in advance allowed to be used is used as a ceramic green sheet constituting each layer of the laminated body.

Abstract: A polishing pad thickness measuring method measures the thickness of a polishing pad attached to an upper surface of a surface plate. The polishing pad thickness measuring method measures a first distance between an upper surface of the polishing pad and a reference position on a vertical line perpendicular to the surface of the polishing pad and a second distance between an upper surface of the surface plate and the reference position on the vertical line, and calculates the thickness of the polishing pad from the difference between the first and second distances.

Abstract: A core barrel capacity gauge (30) for use on a core barrel assembly (10) having a barrel (16) for receiving a core sample. The core barrel capacity gauge comprises a core sample marker (32) located within the barrel (16) such that the core sample marker (32) rests against the top of the drilled core sample. A wheel (42) is provided on the core sample marker (32) that engages with the inside of the barrel (16) such that movement of the core sample marker (32) along the length of the barrel (16) rotates the wheel. A rotation sensor (44) is provided in the core sample marker (32) that senses rotation of the wheel (42) and a transmitter (48) is provided in the core sample marker (32) in communication with the rotation sensor (44). The transmitter (48) transmits information regarding the rotation of the wheel (42) is received from the rotation sensor (44).

Abstract: An automated system for accurately measuring the thickness of a sample quantity of small items such as oat flakes. The system picks individual oat flakes from a hopper using a vacuum and passes them between two precision rollers. One roller is fixed and has vacuum ports to pick up the flake from the hopper. The second roller is floating. As the flake passes between the rollers, the flake is flattened and the second roller is deflected by an amount equal to the thickness of the flake. A vision system comprising a video camera, a light source and a computer measures the deflection of the floating roller. The vision system obtains an image of the curvature of the floating roller at the point opposite the pinch point of the two rollers. Data from the measurement may be recorded on the computer and processed as desired.

Abstract: A dimension measuring apparatus 1 which measures a dimension of a measurement subject 2 includes a conveying device 5 which convey the measurement subject 2, a temperature controlling device which control the temperature in a conveyance region 10, 11 to which the measurement subject 2 is conveyed, a dimension measuring device 15 which measure the dimension of the measurement subject 2 conveyed to a measurement portion 6 in the conveyance region 10, 11, and a temperature measuring device 14 which measure the temperature of the measurement subject 2 during dimension measurement by the dimension measuring device 15. The dimension of the measurement subject 2 measured by the dimension measuring device 15 is corrected to a dimension at a predetermined reference temperature using the temperature measured by the temperature measuring device 14.

Abstract: A floating sheet article thickness detecting device for use in a sheet article processing mechanism includes two guiding slots, two glidable guide blocks, an elastic sustaining member and at least one thickness sensing module. The two glidable guide blocks are respectively embedded into the two guiding slots to render synchronous shift actions in the guiding slots. The elastic sustaining member includes a stationary sustaining element and a movable sustaining element. The stationary sustaining element and the movable sustaining element are separated when the sheet article passes therebetween, so that the movable sustaining element is subject to a thickness shift to form an elastic gap therebetween. The sheet article is fed into a sheet article feeding channel through the elastic gap. The thickness sensing module is synchronously moved with the thickness shift of the movable sustaining element according to the thickness of the sheet article, thereby generating a thickness detecting signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the co-ordinates of a workpiece (9). According to said method: a first co-ordinate system, which has a fixed position in relation to the workpiece (9), is defined; first co-ordinates of the workpiece (9) are measured using a first co-ordinate measuring device (3); second co-ordinates of the workpiece (9) are measured using a second co-ordinate measuring device (5); and a common set of co-ordinates is generated from the first co-ordinates and the second co-ordinates in the first co-ordinate system or in a second co-ordinate system, which has a fixed position in relation to the workpiece (9). The method can be used in particular to determine co-ordinates of a plurality of workpieces (9) during and/or after the production and/or processing of the workpieces (9).

Abstract: A sensor is provided that measures web caliper using optical and magnetic measuring devices. The optical measuring devices may employ a confocal chromatic aberration method to accurately determine the distance to the moving web and the magnetic devices may be ferrite core coil and target. Means of stabilizing a moving web are included for improving dynamic measurement accuracy.

Abstract: A sensor is provided that measures web caliper using optical and magnetic measuring devices. The optical measuring devices may employ a confocal chromatic aberration method to accurately determine the distance to the moving web and the magnetic devices may be ferrite core coil and target. Means of stabilizing a moving web are included for improving dynamic measurement accuracy.

Abstract: A floating sheet article thickness detecting device for use in a sheet article processing mechanism includes two guiding slots, two glidable guide blocks, an elastic sustaining member and at least one thickness sensing module. The two glidable guide blocks are respectively embedded into the two guiding slots to render synchronous shift actions in the guiding slots. The elastic sustaining member includes a stationary sustaining element and a movable sustaining element. The stationary sustaining element and the movable sustaining element are separated when the sheet article passes therebetween, so that the movable sustaining element is subject to a thickness shift to form an elastic gap therebetween. The sheet article is fed into a sheet article feeding channel through the elastic gap. The thickness sensing module is synchronously moved with the thickness shift of the movable sustaining element according to the thickness of the sheet article, thereby generating a thickness detecting signal.

Abstract: A device for measuring the location of a conductor within an insulating sheath using three measuring planes, in which at least one measuring plane is able to locate the conductor and at least one is able to locate the periphery of the outer sheath.

Abstract: A low-cost sheet thickness detection device has high sheet follow-up capability, has no influence on the conveyance of a sheet of paper, receives no influence of vibration and the like when mounted in a central position of the sheet in the width direction thereof, and allows complicated operations to be avoided when the conveying path is to be opened, and provides a sheet conveying device and an image forming apparatus. The sheet thickness detection device is provided in a sheet conveying path formed by a pair of conveyance guides opposite to each other to detect the thickness of a sheet conveyed in the sheet conveying path. It includes a pair of levers which are mounted on the pair of conveyance guides, respectively, and each of which is swingably pivoted at one end thereof to allow opening and closing motions of another end thereof about the end serving as a base point.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises one or more pairs of mutually coaxial and opposing linear measuring devices including movable, biased fingers for simultaneously determining the thickness and warpage of a substrate such as a circuit board passing between the movable fingers. Each measuring device is calibrated to a zero point by bringing the ends of the movable fingers together and recording the distance or position thereof. Data for computation of substrate thickness and warpage measurements is obtained by recording displacement distances or positions of the movable fingers in contact with opposing surfaces of the substrate with respect to the zero point, the thickness and warpage then being calculated. The apparatus may be integrated with an assembly line, including incorporation with an existing piece of equipment, so that substrates exhibiting out-of-specification thickness or excessive warpage may be reworked, discarded or downgraded during the manufacturing process.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises one or more pairs of mutually coaxial and opposing linear measuring devices including movable, biased fingers for simultaneously determining the thickness and warpage of a substrate such as a circuit board passing between the fingers. Each measuring device is calibrated to a zero point by bringing the ends of the movable fingers together and recording the distance or position thereof. Data for computation of substrate thickness and warpage measurements is obtained by recording displacement distances or positions of the movable fingers in contact with opposing surfaces of the substrate with respect to the zero point, the thickness and warpage then being calculated. The apparatus may be integrated with an assembly line, including incorporation with an existing piece of equipment, so that substrates exhibiting out-of-specification thickness or excessive warpage may be reworked, discarded or downgraded during the manufacturing process.

Abstract: What is provided in one embodiment is a method and apparatus for confirming that one or more items in a universe of items fall within specified tolerances. In another embodiment various methods for determining best fit between items in a universe of items is provided.

Abstract: A method of calibrating an analogue probe (10) having a stylus (12) with a workpiece-contacting tip (14) or a non-contact probe (26). A calibration artefact such as a calibration sphere (16) is mounted on a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) (18). The probe (10,26) is mounted on an arm (8) of the CMM and the probe is moved along a path whilst continually scanning the surface of the calibration artefact such that the probe is exercised throughout its working range. For an analogue probe (10) having a workpiece-contacting stylus (12), the path is such that the deflection of the stylus varies along the path. For a non-contact probe (26) the path is such that there is variation of the radial distance between the path and the calibration artefact. The probe path may comprise a path parallel to a chord of the calibration sphere or a curved, e.g. a sinusoidal, path.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus includes at least one sensor which is provided on a measuring frame, which can be positioned opposite moving clothing or a device. The devices being, for example, a roll, of a machine for producing and/or treating a material web, in particular a paper or board web. The measuring frame is pressed against the clothing or device by at least one pivoting lever and is connected to the pivoting lever by a cardan joint.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device, which allows the thickness of an elongated, panel-type workpiece, lying on a reference plane and traveling along the reference plane, to be continuously recorded. The measuring device is provided with a guide shoe, which is bath-shaped and open at the top and is pivotally mounted in a machine frame on parallelogram-shaped steering elements. A measuring roller, which projects slightly out of a cavity in a base section that runs parallel to the reference plane, is located inside the guide shoe. The measuring roller is supported in the interior of the guide shoe by rollers on both sides of the recess. The measuring roller is in contact with the reference plane and after a deflection of the guide shoe, comes into contact with the measuring surface of the workpiece, a measured value that represents the thickness being derived from the deflection.

Abstract: An apparatus for checking the diameter and the roundness of pins, for example crankpins and main journals of a crankshaft rotating about its main axis of rotation (8), includes a measuring device, coupled to a Vee-shaped reference device (20) and including a feeler (17) axially movable along the bisecting line of the Vee, or a direction slightly sloping with respect to it, and a movable support device for the reference Vee. The support device includes a support element (5) and a coupling mechanism that carries the reference Vee (20). The coupling mechanism includes, for example, two support sections (e.g. parallelogram structures) in series and enables plain translation displacements of the reference Vee. While checking an orbitally rotating crankpin, the Vee-shaped device maintains proper contact with the surface of the pin by virtue of the force of gravity, and the angular arrangement of the direction along which the feeler (17) moves remains substantially unchanged.

Abstract: A wobble and eccentricity sensing device is provided for use with a planter blade. The device includes a stand having a shaft adapted to mount the planter blade thereon for rotational movement of the planter blade about the shaft. A wobble indicator is coupled to the stand to measure the concavity of the planter blade as the planter blade rotates at least one revolution about the shaft. The wobble indicator is adapted to contact a face of the planter blade. An eccentricity indicator is also coupled to the stand and is adapted to contact an outer edge of the planter blade to measure the eccentricity of the planter blade as the planter blade rotates at least one revolution about the shaft.

Abstract: A caliper for measuring the thickness of collated printed products and which has a lever arm which is pressed into engagement with each of a plurality of printed products as they are serially conveyed past a measurement station. The lever arm is actuated by a servo motor which includes an encoder, and when the lever arm is pressed into engagement with each product, the position of the lever arm is sensed by the encoder which then delivers a signal to a controller where the thickness is calculated and compared with a predetermined correct value. A method of calibrating the caliper is also disclosed.

Abstract: A caliper for measuring the thickness of collated printed products and which has a lever arm which is pressed into engagement with each of a plurality of printed products as they are serially conveyed past a measurement station. The lever arm is actuated by a servo motor which includes an encoder, and when the lever arm is pressed into engagement with each product, the position of the lever arm is sensed by the encoder which then delivers a signal to a controller where the thickness is calculated and compared with a predetermined correct value. A method of calibrating the caliper is also disclosed.

Abstract: A movable platform is provided for use with a surface profiling system. The platform eliminates all errors associated with wheel inconsistencies. A frame is supported above a surface by, among other supports, three supports arranged in a linear alignment that defines a direction of travel for the frame. The three supports are defined by a front support, a rear support and a center support centered between the front support and rear support. The center support is a floating support capable of substantially vertical movement. At least two of the front support, rear support and center support are wheels configured to roll in the direction of travel defined by the three supports that are linearly aligned. These wheels are coupled to one another for synchronizing rolling movement thereof on the surface.

Abstract: A measurement block 10 which moves longitudinally on a road surface includes disk-shaped first, second, and third rollers 11, 12, and 13 having the same outer diameter with a predetermined spacing set therebetween, a first coupling rod 14 which is mounted on rotary shafts of the first and second rollers in a revolving manner, a second coupling rod 15 which has the same length as the first coupling rod and which is mounted on rotary shafts of the second and third rollers in a revolving manner, a distance measurement device 16 which is mounted on the rotary shaft of the first or second roller, and a rotary encoder 18 which is mounted on the second coupling rod to detect an angle between the first and second coupling rods. Each time the measurement block moves by a length between the first and second coupling rods, the angle between the first and second coupling rods is detected by the angle detection means to thereby create a longitudinal profile based on the detected value.

Abstract: A non-contact system for sensing a property of a passing web of material includes first and second sensors positioned on opposite sides of the web. The opposing sensors are repelled from the web and each other by gas bearings formed between the sensors and the web and attracted to each other by one or more polarized magnets embedded in the sensors. The resultant net force properly spaces the sensors from the web to ensure reliable and accurate sensing. The repelling force enables the sensors to react substantially instantaneously to changes in the pass line of the web. An automatic actuator/retractor can be provided to withdraw the sensors, extend the sensors to or retract the sensors from adjacent the feed path.

Abstract: A method and equipment for measuring the tension of a moving web. The tension of the moving web is measured by means of a measuring element provided with a guide surface which the moving web is guided to pass such that the web forms an air cushion of the air it carries between the web and the guide surface. Measuring devices are arranged at a distance from one another in connection with the measuring element in the cross direction of the web for measuring a variable representing the tension of the moving web. The measuring element is moved back and forth in the cross direction of the web such that the tension profile of the web is measured at least on a part of the web width by means of the measuring devices arranged in connection with the measuring element.

Abstract: A device and method for measuring deviations in shape of a generally cylindrical workpiece is disclosed. The device enables measurement of a number of shape-defining parameters while the workpiece is positioned in a machine tool, so that the workpiece does not have to be removed from the machine tool in order for the measurements to be taken. A steadying rest, for use on machine tools to hold a workpiece, especially one having a longitudinal central axis that is rotationally unsymmetrical or unstable with respect to the machining tool, in position to enable measurement of the shape defining parameters and shape deviations while the workpiece is mounted on the machine tool, is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring device, which allows the thickness (4) of an elongated, panel-type workpiece, lying on a reference plane (2) and travelling in the direction of the arrow (3), to be continuously recorded. Said measuring device is provided with a guide shoe (16), which is bath-shaped and open at the top and is pivotally mounted in a machine frame (7) on parallelogram-shaped steering elements (22). A measuring roller (9), which projects slightly out of a cavity in a base section (19) that always runs parallel to the reference plane (2), is located inside the guide shoe (16). Said roller is supported in the interior of the guide shoe by rollers (34) on both sides of the recess. The measuring roller (9) is in contact with the reference plane (2) and after a deflection of the guide shoe (16), comes into contact with the measuring surface of the workpiece, a measured value that represents the thickness (4) being derived from said deflection.

Abstract: A non-contact system for sensing a property of a passing web of material includes first and second sensors positioned on opposite sides of the web. The opposing sensors are repelled from the web and each other by gas bearings formed between the sensors and the web and attracted to each other by one or more polarized magnets embedded in the sensors. The resultant net force properly spaces the sensors from the web to ensure reliable and accurate sensing. The repelling force enables the sensors to react substantially instantaneously to changes in the pass line of the web. An automatic actuator/retractor can be provided to withdraw the sensors extend the sensors to or retract the sensors from adjacent the feed path.

Abstract: The measuring device is arranged to measure at least one property of a moving web. The measuring device includes at least one measuring head with at least one measuring element arranged in a flexible membrane that surrounds the measuring element and is arranged in connection with the measuring head such that the measuring element is movable by means of the flexible membrane perpendicularly to the moving web. The turning effect, which is caused by the pressure of the air conveyed with the moving web, and directed in the travel direction of the web at least in front of the measuring element on the web side of the flexible membrane, and turns the measuring element, is prevented by at least partly changing the amount and/or flow direction of the air conveyed with the web moving to the measuring element.

Abstract: Described is a calliper for measuring a size of an object and a force applied to the object to measure the size wherein the calliper comprises a scale support (2) comprising a fixed measuring finger (14). A movable mount (1) is slidably attached to the scale support wherein the movable mount comprises a second measuring finger (16) wherein the size is a distance between the fixed measuring finger and the second measuring finger when the fixed measuring finger and the second measuring finger contact the object. A detector (25), attached to the movable mount is capable of determining the distance between the second measuring finger and the fixed measuring finger. A force arm (10) is slidably attached to the movable mount and a sensor (11) attached to both the force arm and the movable mount such that the sensor detects a force applied to the force arm.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a device for acquiring contoured human body surface vibration signals is provided. The device comprises a first component for sensing the displacements of a skin surface as a function of time at multiple points on the human body, with the first component having a plurality of sensing elements, a second component for measuring time average displacements of the skin surface at nominal locations of the sensing elements in the first component; and a third component for correcting for the effect of positional error from a set of nominal displacement sensor locations.

Abstract: In a system for inspection of wood-board thickness, displacement sensors (2(21U, 22U, 23U, 21L, 22L, 23L)) are disposed at three positions with respect to a width of a wood material (1) being conveyed thereto for measurement of the thickness thereof. A programmable controller (6) determines the pass/fail of the board thickness based on the extent of portion having a board thickness deviated from the range of allowance extending along a conveyance direction.

Abstract: A CCD laser displacement gauge is movable in three directions, that is, a vertical direction and two directions perpendicular to each other in a horizontal plane, and this gauge can be moved to a insulation displacement connecting center so as to detect a insulation displacement connecting height, the presence/absence of a wire, abnormal insulation displacement connection and a wire projecting amount. The insulation displacement connecting height, the wire presence/absence and the abnormal insulation displacement connection are detected by measuring a height of an upper surface of a wire sheath from a reference position at the position of the slot (at a middle position between two terminals if these terminals are juxtaposed). Whether or not the wire projecting amount is proper is determined by detecting the presence/absence of the wire at a position obtained by subtracting an absolute value of a tolerance from a normal projecting position.

Abstract: An optoelectronic apparatus for the dimension and/or shape checking of pieces, more specifically pieces with complex tridimensional shape, as the supports for magnetic read/write heads (33, 47, 63) for hard disk storage units, comprises a base (1) with two guide elements (7, 9) to which there is coupled a slide (11), movable in a longitudinal direction along the guide elements (7, 9), and a system (31) for locking and referring the piece (33, 47, 63) to be checked. The slide (11) supports a rotary table (13), to which there is fixed a support (15) for an optoelectronic measuring system. Rotational displacements of the rotary table (13) about an axis parallel to the guide elements (7, 9) make the optoelectronic measuring system oscillate substantially in a plane perpendicular to said axis for optimizing the reciprocal arrangement between the components (75, 77) of the optoelectronic measuring system and the piece (33, 47, 63) in the course of the checking.

Abstract: Method for measuring the surface shape of a thin element such as a silicon wafer measures the surface shapes of one surface and the other surface of the thin element by independently measuring the distance each to one surface and to the other surface of the thin element by rotating or moving the thin element within a single plane and independently moving the first and second measuring means along the first and second guide shafts. Apparatus for measuring the surface shape of the thin element measures the surface shapes of one surface and the other surface of the thin element by rotating or moving the thin element supported within the same plane by a supporting means, and independently measuring the distance each to one surface and to the other surface of the thin element by the first and second measuring means while independently moving the first and second sliders along the first and second guide shafts.

Abstract: An empty envelope assurance system is provided. The system includes a conveyor for conveying an opened envelope having a front face and a rear face along a path of movement. The conveyor is arranged such that any contents of the envelope rests against one of the front face or the rear face. A first sensor measures a thickness of the front face and any contents resting thereagainst, and generates a signal having a value indicative of the thickness. A second sensor measures a thickness of the rear face and any contents resting thereagainst, and generates a signal having a value indicative of the thickness. A signal processor receives the signals generated by the first sensor and the second sensor, and compares the values of the signals generated by the first sensor with the values of the signals generated by the second sensor to determine whether they correspond within a predetermined limit to determine whether the envelope contains any contents.

Abstract: A measuring roller for determining flatness deviations when rolling metal strip measures the stress distribution, for example, with the aid of force measuring sensors over the width of the strip, said sensors being arranged in recesses in the measuring roller at a distance from the wall of the recess and thus being surrounded by an annular gap. The annular gap is closed off to the outside and connected to axially parallel ducts for the feed and discharge of a coolant.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the thickness of a plurality of side-by-side running slivers includes a supporting surface guiding the side-by-side running slivers thereon in a single plane; a holding member; and a plurality of sensor elements movably secured to the holding member to be movable in a direction transverse to the plane. Each sliver is contacted by a separate sensor element for causing excursions thereof by thickness fluctuations of the running sliver. Each sensor element is yieldingly pressed against a respective sliver, and each sensor element cooperates with the supporting surface for pressing the running slivers against the supporting surface. An adding device adds the excursions of the sensor elements, and a transducer converts the excursion values into electric pulses.

Abstract: An engine valve drive apparatus. A camshaft rotatably supported by the engine includes a cam for selectively opening and closing a valve. The cam has a cam surface for driving the valve. The cam surface has a profile that varies continuously in the direction of the cam axis. A valve lifter is arranged between the cam and the valve to convey the motion of the cam to the valve. A cam follower is supported on the valve lifter. The cam follower includes a slide surface having a pair of edges. The cam surface is arched outwardly in the direction of the cam axis to prevent the slide surface edges from contacting the cam surface. The curved surface prevents damage to the cam surface and enables smooth sliding between the cam surface and the cam follower. Alternatively, the slide surface of the cam follower may be arched outwardly.

Abstract: A position sensing device is disclosed wherein the positioning sensing device may determine the velocity and position of an object relative to a surface as the object is moved relative to the surface. The positioning sensing device may comprise two depth measurement devices that are mounted to the object on an axis that is substantially parallel to the direction of movement between object and the surface. The depth measurement devices are spaced a predetermined distance from each other. The depth measurement devices measure the contours of the surface as the object is moved relative to the surface and may output data representative of the surface contour to a processor. Accordingly, the processor receives two data signals that are out of phase wherein the phase shift is proportional to the relative velocity between the object and the surface. The processor may then perform an analysis on the data signals to determine the velocity of the object relative to the surface.