Abstract: A gap measurement tool assembly for measuring a gap at a through hole between mating parts of a structure is provided. The assembly includes a gap measurement tool with a first end, a second end, and a body having a hollow inner channel, an exterior annular crevice, a first exterior annular groove having a cross-hole intersected by the hollow inner channel, and a second exterior annular groove. The assembly includes a first seal element, a second seal element, and a third seal element. The assembly is configured for insertion and sealing into the through hole, and the cross-hole is configured to align with the gap. When compressed air is passed into the gap, an air gage system takes a measurement of one of, a back pressure, an air flow, or a differential pressure, and correlates the measurement to a predetermined gap measurement, to determine a gap size of the gap.

Abstract: A connection verification tool for verifying a secure connection between two fluid handling components of a fluid handling system. A connection verification tool can include a gauge portion sized sized to be placed over a first fluid handling component connected to a second fluid handling component to verify a secure connection between the two components. If the first fluid handling component is not securely connected to the second fluid handling component such that additional torque may be required to complete the connection between the two components, the gauge portion of the connection verification tool will not fit over the first component coupled to the second component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bushing assembly height checking fixture, which is composed of a jacket, set screws, a measuring cylinder and a positioning cylinder. When the bushing assembly height checking fixture is used, the lower cone of the positioning cylinder is fitted with the orifice edge of an inner shaft hole of a bushing, and the checking fixture is positioned radially; the bottom surface of the jacket is flush with the assembly positioning end face of a workpiece, and the checking fixture is positioned axially; then the bottom surface of the measuring cylinder is flush with the end face of the bushing, the position of the top surface of the measuring cylinder is observed, and if the top surface of the measuring cylinder is in the middle of the top step of the jacket, it shows that the height after the workpiece is assembled is qualified.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the protrusion of bearing shells, comprising the following steps: a) clamping a bearing shell at several bearing points; b) applying one or more test forces to at least one point of the bearing shell so that the bearing shell is elastically deformed; c) measuring the deformation of the bearing shell at one or more measuring points of the bearing shell; d) determining the protrusion from the measured deformation.

Abstract: A method of monitoring wear of a slew bearing system includes steps of assembling a slew bearing system having a first bearing ring and a second bearing ring concentrically positioned relative to each other forming at least upper and lower raceways, a plurality of bearing rollers positioned in each raceway between the first bearing ring and the second bearing ring, and an index system having a first reference connected with the first bearing ring and positioned relative to a second reference on the second bearing ring to provide a measurable distance between the first reference and the second reference, where the measurable distance changes with wear of the slew bearing system; and monitoring a change in the measurable distance between the first reference and the second reference to monitor wear of the slew bearing system.

Abstract: A system for use in measuring an end play of a wheel hub assembly includes a follower configured to extend through an opening in a cover connected to a wheel hub. The cover covers the wheel hub such that the cover inhibits access to an end of a shaft of the wheel hub assembly, and the follower is configured to contact the end through the opening. The follower is received in a holder engageable with the cover such that the follower is movable relative to the cover and the holder to allow the follower to extend from the holder to contact the end of the shaft. A frame has a cavity receiving a measurement probe extending outwardly from the cavity. The probe contacts the follower and is configured to measure movement of the follower to determine endplay of the bearing assembly on the shaft. The frame includes a plurality of legs extending from the frame to a hub mounted on the shaft and coupled to the bearing to support the frame relative to the hub.

Abstract: An apparatus for use in adjusting an endplay of a bearing of a wheel hub assembly includes an outer circumferential surface configured to be received within an annular space around the nut attached to a shaft of the wheel hub assembly and retaining the bearing on the shaft. An engaging surface is coupled to the outer circumferential surface and configured to engage the nut. A stopping surface is coupled to the engaging surface and configured to abut an outer surface of the nut opposite the bearing such that the engaging surface is positioned in an engaging position to engage nut engaging surfaces of the nut. An arm is connected to the stopping surface and extends out of the annular space away from the bearing and substantially parallel to an axis of the shaft when the stopping surface abuts the outer surface of the nut.

Abstract: The Rod End Wear Detection Device (REWDD) is a fully portable light weight apparatus that precisely measures bearings in two axis. When employed for the purpose of assessing rod end bearings, the invention is capable of obtaining the measurement in confined spaces, without the need to remove the rod end from its fully installed position or reorient the rod end to facilitate both measurements. By using the disclosed apparatus, a user may ascertain the serviceability of a bearing by detecting the level of wear in the bearing allowing timely replacement and/or repair.

Abstract: A system for use in measuring an end play of a wheel hub assembly includes a follower configured to extend through an opening in a cover connected to a wheel hub. The cover covers the wheel hub such that the cover inhibits access to an end of a shaft of the wheel hub assembly, and the follower is configured to contact the end through the opening. The follower is received in a holder engageable with the cover such that the follower is movable relative to the cover and the holder to allow the follower to extend from the holder to contact the end of the shaft. A frame has a cavity receiving a measurement probe extending outwardly from the cavity. The probe contacts the follower and is configured to measure movement of the follower to determine endplay of the bearing assembly on the shaft. The frame includes a plurality of legs extending from the frame to a hub mounted on the shaft and coupled to the bearing to support the frame relative to the hub.

Abstract: The bearing adjustment dial gage tool comprises a bar which mounts two spaced apart magnets on spindles which extend from the bar and a gage is mounted on the bar with a measuring pin extending from the gage for engaging a wheel hub to measure endplay when the tool is mounted with the two magnets to a wheel assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining the protrusion of bearing shells, comprising the following steps: a) clamping a bearing shell at several bearing points; b) applying one or more test forces to at least one point of the bearing shell so that the bearing shell is elastically deformed; c) measuring the deformation of the bearing shell at one or more measuring points of the bearing shell; d) determining the protrusion from the measured deformation.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hydro dynamic bearing device is provided for the finishing treatment of lubricating oil after lubricating the hydro dynamic bearing device, specifically for properly and effectively wiping off the lubricating oil adhering to the outside of the housing and adjusting the oil-level height of the lubricating oil filled in the housing.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a hydro dynamic bearing device is provided for the finishing treatment of lubricating oil after lubricating the hydro dynamic bearing device. The hydro dynamic bearing is constructed of an axial member housed in a housing, a radial bearing part for supporting the axial member in a non-contact manner in a radial direction by a hydro dynamic pressure action of the lubricating oil generated in a radial bearing clearance, and a sealing part arranged in an opening part of the housing, and the apparatus has a laser for measuring an oil-level height of the lubricating oil in the housing.

Abstract: A method to determine eccentricity of a rotor in a turbine including: collecting sensor data of rotor eccentricity for a plurality of startup operations; establishing a baseline eccentricity value using the sensor data corresponding to a selected startup operation; determining an eccentricity value using the filtered sensor data for each of a plurality of startup operations subsequent to the selected startup operation; determining a rotor eccentricity difference between the baseline eccentricity value and each of the eccentricity values for the plurality of startup operations subsequent to the selected startup operation, and reporting a rotor eccentricity condition based on the rotor eccentricity difference.

Abstract: A bearing alignment tool and method of use is provided for aligning inner and outer races of a roller bearing of the class wherein the inner and outer races of the roller bearing are axially displaceable with respect to each other in order to accommodate thermal growth of a rotating shaft. A bearing replacement procedure includes: (a) affixing the roller bearing to the shaft at its inner race; (b) disposing the shaft in a housing; (c) aligning the inner and outer races of the roller bearing with respect to each other and the housing in a predetermined spatial relationship by affixing an alignment tool to the housing, wherein the alignment tool has (i) an outer aligning surface which engages the outer race of the roller bearing; and (ii) an inner aligning surface which engages the inner race of the roller bearing; (d) removing the alignment tool from the housing; and (e) securing the housing to a fixed position on a support while maintaining the predetermined spatial relationship established in step (c).

Abstract: A rotary table device includes a hollow motor drive source, a table rotated thereby, and a rotary bearing supporting the table. The rotary bearing is provided an outer race having an inner surface to which a rolling surface is formed, an inner race having an outer peripheral surface to which a rolling surface opposing to the rolling surface of the outer race is formed, and a plurality of rolling members disposed in a rolling passage formed by the rolling surface of the outer race and the rolling surface of the inner race, and a cooling medium passage (?, ?) is formed so as to be adjacent to either one of the inner race and outer race constituting a rotational driving side. According to the structure mentioned above, a rotary bearing and a rotary table device capable of achieving suitable cooling effect can be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of measuring a clearance of a hub bearing for vehicles. A hub is fixed to a lower jig when a row of hub-side balls is disposed and an outer ring is disposed on an outer periphery of the hub and a row of inner ring-side balls and an inner ring are disposed. A press-fit jig is contacted to the inner ring and a load of less than 5 kgf is applied to an outer surface of the outer ring to prevent its vibration and movement. A gauge is installed to a portion of the outer ring. The inner ring is gradually press-fitted by the jig. An amount of press-fit of the inner ring is measured from when the gauge begins to move when press-fitting of the inner ring is completed. The amount of clearance is simply measured.

Abstract: A bearing alignment tool and method of use is provided for aligning inner and outer races of a roller bearing of the class wherein the inner and outer races of the roller bearing are axially displaceable with respect to each other in order to accommodate thermal growth of a rotating shaft. A bearing replacement procedure includes: (a) affixing the roller bearing to the shaft at its inner race; (b) disposing the shaft in a housing; (c) aligning the inner and outer races of the roller bearing with respect to each other and the housing in a predetermined spatial relationship by affixing an alignment tool to the housing, wherein the alignment tool has (i) an outer aligning surface which engages the outer race of the roller bearing; and (ii) an inner aligning surface which engages the inner race of the roller bearing; (d) removing the alignment tool from the housing; and (e) securing the housing to a fixed position on a support while maintaining the predetermined spatial relationship established in step (c).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hydro dynamic bearing device is provided for the finishing treatment of lubricating oil after lubricating the hydro dynamic bearing device. The hydro dynamic bearing is constructed of an axial member housed in a housing, a radial bearing part for supporting the axial member in a non-contact manner in a radial direction by a hydro dynamic pressure action of the lubricating oil generated in a radial bearing clearance, and a sealing part arranged in an opening part of the housing, and the method has the step of measuring the oil-level height of the lubricating oil in the housing by a laser detector.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement for measuring clearance between a bearing internal part and a bearing external part of a bearing, in particular in an aircraft or spacecraft, is disclosed. The idea underlying the measuring arrangement is to adjust the bearing part relative to the bearing external part with an adjusting device and to measure the adjustment carried out with a measuring device. The advantage according to the measuring arrangement is that a much more accurate and repeatable measuring may be achieved relative to current measuring which depends on the intuition and experience of the mechanic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of measuring a clearance of a hub bearing for vehicles. A hub is fixed to a lower jig when a row of hub-side balls is disposed and an outer ring is disposed on an outer periphery of the hub and a row of inner ring-side balls and an inner ring are disposed. A press-fit jig is contacted to the inner ring and a load of less than 5 kgf is applied to an outer surface of the outer ring to prevent its vibration and movement. A gauge is installed to a portion of the outer ring. The inner ring is gradually press-fitted by the jig. An amount of press-fit of the inner ring is measured from when the gauge begins to move when press-fitting of the inner ring is completed. The amount of clearance is simply measured.

Abstract: A measuring arrangement for measuring clearance between a bearing internal part and a bearing external part of a bearing, in particular in an aircraft or spacecraft, is disclosed. The idea underlying the measuring arrangement is to adjust the bearing part relative to the bearing external part with an adjusting device and to measure the adjustment carried out with a measuring device. The advantage according to the measuring arrangement is that a much more accurate and repeatable measuring may be achieved relative to current measuring which depends on the intuition and experience of the mechanic.

Abstract: A system for adjusting at least one spacer of a bearing assembly includes a force-transmitting member and a preload regulator. The force-transmitting member is configured to operatively receive a force and to transmit the force to an adjustable spacer. The preload regulator includes a first portion and a second portion movable relative to each other with the first portion being movable in response to the force and the second portion being received by and stationary relative to the bearing assembly. The preload regulator further includes a controller coupled to the first portion and the second portion with the controller being configured to detect an electrical contact between the first portion and the second portion.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for manufacturing a hydro dynamic bearing device is provided for the finishing treatment of lubricating oil after lubricating the hydro dynamic bearing device, specifically for properly and effectively wiping off the lubricating oil adhering to the outside of the housing and adjusting the oil-level height of the lubricating oil filled in the housing.

Abstract: A setting gauge (G) determines the thickness of a spacer (22) which gives the correct setting for a pair of tapered roller bearings (B1, B2) that are mounted in opposition to accommodate relative rotation between machine components (S, H). The gauge has a base (50) which at one end fits against a surface (12) to which the spacer is to be applied, and at its other end holds one of the races (32) of the bearing (B2) remote from the other race (30) which remains in its operating position. In addition, the gauge has a pair of gauge elements (52, 54), one of which fits against a conical envelope along the remote race and the other of which fits against an identical conical envelope on the race which remains in its operating position, in effect, projecting the conical envelope defined by the in-place race out of the bearing to a remote location so that measurements may be taken from the bearing.

Abstract: A conical hydrodynamic bearing gauging and seating system that enables the efficient seating of conical hydrodynamic bearings to a rotor shaft and hub while the rotor assembly remains in a pressing fixture. The invention provides a conical hydrodynamic bearing gauging and seating apparatus comprising a capacitive probe assembly disposed within a hollow pressing fixture in communication with a rotor shaft.

Abstract: A method is provided for achieving a desired preload on tapered roller bearings which rotatably support a gear between first and second transmission housing members in the assembly of a transmission. The bottom of each pocket which supports a tapered roller bearing is measured with respect to a mating face of the transmission case half. Shims are selected based upon these measurements so that each shim forms a reaction surface upon which the tapered roller bearings rest so that the appropriate preload is established with the case halves are bolted together.

Abstract: Ensuring that the correct wheel bearing is installed in the wheel assembly of an aircraft. A plastic mold is designed to hold only one size of wheel bearing. The mold is labeled with the wheel bearing serial number and the corresponding aircraft model number. Because only one size of wheel bearing fits properly in the mold, it facilitates identification and use of the correct size wheel bearing in the aircraft wheel assembly. The mold can be used to ship wheel bearings to air carriers and to store wheel bearings before installation into aircraft wheel assemblies. The mold also offers protection for the wheel bearing from contamination or damage.

Abstract: A sensing assembly senses varying parameters of a bearing mechanism. The bearing mechanism includes a circular bearing housing. The sensing assembly includes a sensor case. The sensor case is fixedly secured to the bearing mechanism. The sensor case includes a peripheral surface and a top plate with extensions protruding outwardly therefrom. The sensing assembly also includes a sensor housing that is removably insertable into the sensor case. The sensor housing selectively engages the extensions of the sensor case to secure the sensor housing in the sensor case at a location spaced from the bearing mechanism. The sensing assembly includes a sensor that is disposed within the sensor housing. The sensor senses the parameters of the bearing mechanism, wherein the sensor and the sensor housing may be removed from the bearing mechanism and replaced without replacing the bearing mechanism.

Abstract: A pair of tapered roller bearings, which are located between two machine components, such as a pinion shaft and its carrier, to enable the one component to rotate relative to the other one, is set to a desired dimensional preload with the aid of a gauge and the force preload in the bearing is determined to verify that it is within acceptable limits. The gauge is interposed between a raceway and rolling elements of the second bearing to measure the size of a spacer required to give the two bearings the correct dimensional preload. The gauge also exerts a known axial force on the bearings, and while that force is maintained, the torque required by the bearings is measured. That torque divided by the axial load gives a torque signature. Thereafter, the gauge is removed, the spacer is selected and installed, and the bearings are installed in their operative positions. The spacer sets the bearings with a desired dimensional preload.

Abstract: Ensuring that the correct wheel bearing is installed in the wheel assembly of an aircraft. A plastic mold is designed to hold only one size of wheel bearing. The mold is labeled with the wheel bearing serial number and the corresponding aircraft model number. Because only one size of wheel bearing fits properly in the mold, it facilitates identification and use of the correct size wheel bearing in the aircraft wheel assembly. The mold can be used to ship wheel bearings to air carriers and to store wheel bearings before installation into aircraft wheel assemblies. The mold also offers protection for the wheel bearing from contamination or damage.

Abstract: One or more force application members (e.g., a force transmission member and/or a hydraulic force application member) may be employed to provide a desired adjustment (e.g., a preload and/or a compression) to an adjustable spacer of a bearing assembly. The hydraulic force application member may provide a first stage of the adjustment to the spacer, and the force transmission member may be threadingly rotated to apply a second stage of the adjustment to the spacer. An additional force application member may (e.g., contemporaneously) oppose at least one of the force application members in the providing of the adjustment to the spacer. This opposing force may cause a gap between certain surfaces (e.g., in a press) until the adjustment to the spacer is completed. The closure of the gap may serve to indicate the completion of the desired adjustment to the spacer. A housing rotatable on a portion of the bearing assembly may be prevented from rotating at the closure of the gap.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for the installation of pretensioned roller bearings (2), in particular angular ball bearings, for example, in wheel carriers of automobiles, airplanes, and the like. The invention is characterized in that the installation apparatus, with a measurement probe (5), lies against a stop, a shoulder, or the like, in the axial area of the bearing race of one roller bearing, on the shaft side, and that upon tightening the shaft nut (3) against the bearing race of the other roller bearing, on the shaft side, its axial shift with respect to the stop is determined, wherein when the shaft nut is tightened, a torque wrench is used to determine the applied torque, which permits it to differentiate between the actual tensioning process of the roller bearing (2) and the previous process to bring the shaft nut (3) to the stop. The invention also concerns an installation apparatus to implement the method.

Abstract: A gauge for setting.a pair of tapered roller bearings that are mounted in opposition has a base to which one of the races for one of the bearings is fitted remote from the location that it normally assumes. In addition, the gauge has male and female elements which slide on the base independently of each other and a spring for urging the elements apart. The spring urges one of the elements against a conical envelope on the detached race and the other element against a conical envelope formed by the tapered rollers around the other race that is in its normal operating position. Sensors measure the strain in the spring, and from the strain one can calculate the distance between like diameters on the conical envelopes. The measurement derived from the gauge together with the desired setting for the bearing enables one to calculate the thickness of a spacer which will provide the desired setting for the bearings.

Abstract: The present invention provides a double row taper-roller bearing and a method of assembling a double row taper-roller bearing, which are, when in an assembly, capable of assembling and being assembled by controlling a negative axial gap after the assembly. The present invention-provides also a wheel support structure and a method of the assembling the same structure.

Abstract: Ensuring that the correct wheel bearing is installed in the wheel assembly of an aircraft. A plastic mold is designed to hold only one size of wheel bearing. The mold is labeled with the wheel bearing serial number and the corresponding aircraft model number. Because only one size of wheel bearing fits properly in the mold, it facilitates identification and use of the correct size wheel bearing in the aircraft wheel assembly. The mold can be used to ship wheel bearings to air carriers and to store wheel bearings before installation into aircraft wheel assemblies. The mold also offers protection for the wheel bearing from contamination or damage.

Abstract: A surface shape evaluation method for a spherical body comprising the steps of: providing a support hole having a smaller diameter than the spherical body and having a curved bearing surface formed on its opening to have a curvature substantially equal to the curvature of the surface of the spherical body, providing a rotation drive arm for transmitting only a rotation component to the spherical body, providing a vibration sensor having a probe with a flat tip end, rotating the spherical body on a predetermined center axis and on the opening, such that one portion in the radial direction of the spherical body comes into contact with the curved bearing surface while the portion opposite to the one portion in the radial direction of the spherical body comes into contact with the tip end of the rotation drive arm, abutting the flat tip end of the probe of the vibration sensor to a surface portion of the spherical body located on a hypothetical flat surface which is orthogonal to the center axis and passes throug

Abstract: A gage device and a test system for statistically qualifying compliant or semi-rigid molded bearings and bearing sets to predetermined material conditions includes a gage body, a flanged plug, a stud used to set a first predetermined material condition, an adapter used to set a second predetermined material condition, and a test fixture. The device simulates the assembly of ball joints to determine whether molded conformal bearings or bearing sets are acceptable from a beginning of life perspective. In this way, functional acceptability of a given number of samples drawn from a production lot is proven to satisfy pre-determined maximum and minimum material conditions. A method of testing and statistically qualifying the bearings is also disclosed.

Abstract: A bearing adjustment and monitoring system is provided for a bearing mounted between a hub and a spindle, one of which is rotatable relative to the other and one of which has a threaded end section with traversing keyway and the other of which has an abutment for limiting inward movement of the bearing. A backing washer member is arranged to removably abut the bearing on the end opposite the abutment and has a key extending into the keyway to secure it against rotation, and a calibrated nut member has threads configured for threading onto the threaded end section. One of the backing washer member and calibrated nut member has a plurality of circumferentially spaced openings and the other of the backing washer member and calibrated nut member has a plurality of openings registering with the openings in the one member but spaced apart differently therefrom, whereby to provide vernier adjustment of rotation of the calibrated nut member.

Abstract: A dial gauge case, which has a bottom and a peripheral wall surrounding the bottom, the bottom and the peripheral wall defining a recess for accommodating a dial gauge mechanism therein. The peripheral wall is provided with a pair of bearings for slidably supporting a spindle of the dial gauge. The peripheral wall and the pair bearings are formed together as a one-piece molding of a plastic material. With the peripheral wall and the bearings formed together as a one-piece molding, the number of dial gauge components can be reduced, and the operation of assembling the dial gauge is simplified.

Abstract: An articulated support assembly threadably attached to a threaded fastener element on a wheel hub that is rotatably supported on an axle by a bearing assembly. The support assembly carries a dial indicator having an actuator, and is selectively adjustable to align the actuator with the axle longitudinal axis and to place the actuator in engagement with a fixed reference surface provided on the end of the axle. A selectively operable clamping device locks the support assembly against further movement following adjustment. Axial force applied to the hub first in one direction and then in an opposite direction moves the hub between the limits of the bearing internal axial clearance. The support assembly and dial indicator move with the hub, and cooperation between the actuator and the fixed reference surface moves the actuator the same axial distance as the hub to provide a measurement of the bearing internal axial clearance.

Abstract: A hemispherical dynamic pressure bearing comprises a bushing in which a hemisphere/shaft unit is mounted with clearance, enabling the unit to move relative to the bushing between first and second terminal positions. In order to measure the size of the clearance, the bearing is inserted into a body, and a retainer disposed in the body is actuated for keeping the bushing stationary. An adjusting mechanism disposed in the body is actuated for displacing the hemisphere/shaft unit vertically relative to the bushing between the first and second terminal positions, wherein the hemisphere/shaft unit projects from an end of the bushing by first and second heights, respectively. Those heights are measured and a difference therebetween is determined, which difference corresponds to the clearance.

Abstract: A clearance gauge comprises a thin foil rolled into a tubular coil at one end and having a flat tab extending from the coil, the coil windings being secured by a layer of adhesive. The gauge is attached via the tab to one of a pair of relatively movable parts and is deformed by compression between the parts to assume a dimension equal to the clearance between the parts. The foil has a low yield strength so that the coil substantially retains the dimension for later measurement to thereby afford a measure of the clearance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are used for testing a spindle which is used to support a disc pack for rotation in a disc drive. The test apparatus is removably coupled to the spindle. The current apparatus defines a test surface and has an outer periphery greater than an outer periphery of the spindle. A measurement device is placed proximate the test surface at a location radially displaced from the spindle. A distance between the test surface and the measuring device is measured with a measuring device during rotation of the spindle and the test apparatus.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus for speedily measuring a bearing height is disclosed. A plunger of a movable cylinder is extended with a test load P by a constant pressure applying mechanism S. The movable cylinder is ascended from a receded position to a measuring position by a slide cam. A bearing half W disposed on a pushing member is fitted in a receiving cavity of a standard tool in such a manner that an end of the bearing half W slightly protrudes from the receiving cavity portion. When the movable cylinder slightly exceeds the measuring position, a plunger is pressed for the length of the end protruded from the receiving cavity portion. At this point, the bearing half W is held with the test load P. Thus, the bearing height can be immediately measured by a length sensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of, and apparatus for, determining the clearance between wear surfaces of a reciprocating piston engine and the surrounding cylindrical bore of the engine block, without need for physical contact with the piston. As particularly distinguished from the prior art, the present invention employs an energy wave source, collimated to impinge against selectable portions of the piston head either during its reciprocation, or at rest, in the so-called combustion or compression chamber between the moving piston and the engine cylinder. The energy source may be optical, electro-optical, acoustico-optical, or electromagnetic, generating continuous waves or high frequency pulses, or which are capable of reflecting such energy back to a plurality of detectors Such detectors are capable of measuring exceptionally high frequency (short wave lengths) signals to measure time (and hence distance) from the source to the piston head back to the detector.

Abstract: A method of measuring the preload clearance in a double row rolling bearing. The double row rolling bearing includes an outer ring having outer raceways in double rows on its inner peripheral surface and first and second inner rings each having an inner raceway on its outer peripheral surface. Each of the first and second inner rings are provided concentric with the outer ring. The double row rolling bearing further includes a plurality of rolling members provided between the inner raceways and the outer raceways in double rows, respectively. The rolling members are preloaded when the first and second inner rings are abutted to each other at their inner end edges. The method includes the steps of obtaining the dimension H.sub.1 corresponding to the distance between the outer end faces of the pair of inner rings when the pair of inner rings are pressed lightly at their outer end faces in a direction to be closer to each other. Obtaining the dimension H.sub.

Abstract: A method of measuring the preload clearance in a double row rolling bearing. The method includes the steps of fixing the outer end face of the first inner ring in position while subjecting the outer end face of the second inner ring to a first load in a direction which moves the second inner ring toward the first inner ring at a relatively smaller constant amount so as not to reduce the preload clearance to zero, and obtaining a value H.sub.1 corresponding to the position of the outer end face of the second inner ring. Fixing the outer end face of the first inner ring in position while subjecting the outer end face of the second inner ring to a second load in a direction which moves the second inner ring toward the first inner ring at a relatively larger, constant amount enough to reduce the preload clearance to zero and obtaining the value H.sub.2 corresponding to the position of the outer end face of the second inner ring. Then calculating the difference between the value H.sub.1 and the value H.sub.

Abstract: The invention comprises a machine having air bearings and a control apparatus for turning off one or more of the air bearings when the machine has been idle for a specified time period.

Abstract: An apparatus for setting bearings that support a shaft in a housing in effect projects critical surfaces from within the housing out of the housing where the axial distance between them may be measured. Where the bearings are tapered roller bearings, a measuring element seats against tapered raceways and indeed has two tapers so that it may be utilized with bearings having differing tapers on their raceways.