Abstract: An X-Y table apparatus comprises a base (12), an X-directional moving member (14) movable in the X direction with respect to the base, a mounting member (18) movable in the Y-direction with respect to the X-directional moving member and being capable of loading articles and displacement detecting member (20) for detecting displacements of the mounting member with respect to the base. The displacement detecting member includes a main scale (24) cooperatively provided on the center of the rear face of the mounting member and having a first matrix-shaped land lattice, and an index scale (26) provided in parallel with the base so as to be movable in directions in a two-dimensional area with respect to the main scale and having a first orthogonally cross lattice (80) and a second orthogonally cross lattice (82), such that the displacement detecting member has a simple structure and effects accurate X-directional displacement and Y-directional displacement detection.

Abstract: A measuring carriage for a linear measuring system comprises a measurement sensing entrainment block arranged outside a tubular protective housing defining an interior chamber and a slot sealed by sealing lips in one side thereof. The block comprises a tongue projecting into the interior housing chamber through the slot. Support parts for carrier plates in the interior housing chamber are connected to the entrainment block by the tongue, and the carrier plates hold terminals generating electrical signals derived from sensing a measuring scale by the entrainment block. A connecting cable is attached to, and leads from, the entrainment block, and wires connect the signal generating terminals to the connecting cable, the wires passing from the signal generating terminals to the entrainment block and the connecting cable through a recess in the tongue. The tongue comprises complementary halves which may be fitted together to define the recess therebetween.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring lap to lap variations between windings of a coiled sheet product comprising a light source, a light measuring cell, and a light directing chamber located between the light source and the light measuring cell. The light directing chamber includes a cavity adapted to receive a shutter, and a light directing duct having a slot communicating with the cavity of the light directing chamber. The slot is adapted to provide an opening for inserting the shutter into the interior portion of the light directing duct.

Abstract: Inclination gauge having a reservoir filled with liquid and containing a gas bubble. The position of the gas bubble is detected by light detecting devices by which light going through the completely filled tube has a different convergent nature than light going through the tube partially filled with liquid and partially filled with gas. On the centerline of the light emitting and light detecting devices, between the reservoir and the light detecting devices, a shield is provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the three-dimensional determination of the movement between two bodies, in which the components of movement are determined by means of two measurement-value transmitters, each of which has a first transmitter element and a second transmitter element which are movable relative to each other. One transmitter element has, in this connection, at least one light path or measurement path within which a filter acting as dispersion screen is movable on the other transmitter element.

Abstract: A touch probe for use in turning centers includes a cylindrical shank portion that allows the probe to be mounted in the same manner as the tools and also provides a compartment for batteries supplying power to infrared transmission circuitry for wirelessly transmitting information about the inspected workpiece back to the machine controller.

Abstract: A hand-held measuring implement comprises a transparent scale-carrying member provided with a graduated scale. A reading unit is movable along said scale in unison with a feeler and comprises photoelectric receivers, which scan the graduated scale through respective line screens. The graduated scale is illuminated by light sources, which are disposed on the same side of the graduated scale as the receivers and are movable with the latter. Signal-processing circuitry is provided for processing the indicating signals generated by the receivers. The implement comprises also a display device and power supply means. To improve the light efficiency and to reduce the power consumption of the light sources and to reduce the effects of an ageing and soiling of the scale-carrying member, the latter is wider than the graduated scale and provided on the side opposite to the line screens with a reflecting covering.

Abstract: Devices for vectorially summing two signals. In a first embodiment (FIG. 3) the vectorial summation is implemented by a mechanical sin/cos mechanism in which a crank 22 drives two linear potentiometers 27 and 29, 90.degree. out of phase. In a second embodiment (FIG. 6) a polarized light resolver generates the sin and cos functions. In a third embodiment (FIG. 8) a printed circuit resolver generates the sin and cos functions.

Abstract: Apparatus for digitally displaying inclination of a lift truck mast includes an inertial inclination sensor carried by the mast and a digital display module for operator viewing remote from the mast. The inclination sensor includes a disc pendulum pivoted for damping its movement, the disc having a wand extending from it for exaggerated movement about the pivot. A plurality of light responsive devices are provided for detecting the position of the wand for the purpose of determining the degrees of actual mast inclination with respect to a true vertical gravitational plumb line.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting whether a measured dimension deviates from a nominal value by a predetermined increment. It comprises a feeler for following the surface of a component and a variable area window controlled by said feeler. Two pairs of photoelectric receivers are located behind the window and the photoelectric receivers of each pair receive differential illumination through the window.

Abstract: A photoelectrically readable digital micrometer for precisely measuring a micro distance includes an outer ring having a micro internal thread, a spindle shaft having an external thread screwed into the internal thread, a disc-shaped scale plate having a scale provided around the periphery of the plate surface, the scale plate being secured to the spindle shaft perpendicular to the plate surface, a slidable ring slidably mounted on the outer ring and being slidable in the axial direction together with the spindle shaft, and a light source member and a light receiving member secured to the slidable ring and sandwiching the scale of said scale plate.

Abstract: A hair length measuring apparatus includes a measuring roller and holding clamp operatively mounted on a handle, said holding clamp holding against said roller the hair being measured, such that as said handle is moved along the length of said hair, said roller is caused to rotate thereby. An optical switch detects the rotation of said roller, a decimal counter counts said rotating, and a display displays the state of said counter, thereby providing a continuously updated indication of the length of hair that has traveled across said roller during a given hair measuring operation.

Abstract: The invention contemplates an improved work-contacting probe for use in a measuring machine wherein the relationship between contacted locations on a workpiece are reduced to coordinate digital data. The various described probe embodiments feature means whereby positional errors due to probe flexure upon work contact are substantially reduced, as compared to pre-existing structures.

Abstract: An apparatus for making distance measurements with a high degree of accuracy and a means for interpreting and displaying the results on a digital readout. A binary encoded scale which exhibits a one to one correspondence with discrete locations on said scale and the coded information at those locations is used in making the measurements. The scale is made using photographic reducing techniques. An optical detection system, comprising a magnifying lens, a plurality of light conducting fibers and phototransistors is used to read digital information from the binary encoded scale. An electronic circuit accepts digital code from the optical detection system, decodes it and displays the resulting information on a digital readout.

Abstract: A hand-held digital compass employs an incremental encoder including a digit code disc and sensor unit which are so interrelated with a logic circuit as to permit automatic referencing of the compass when power is initially applied; and further permits use of an extremely small digit code disc which in cooperation with the sensor unit will permit digital recording of the direction and degree or extent of displacement of the compass in a given direction. The logic circuit employed is self-correcting for errors caused by input line noise and permits utilization of a simplified counting circuit for reading and digitally displaying degrees of movement between zero and 360.degree..

Abstract: An odograph in which calibrated portions of heading and distance signals are used for displaying locations. A magnetic compass is provided including a North-seeking spherical surface carrying a reflective segment, the position of which is sensed by electro-optical components which derive and generate an appropriate heading signal. An odometer generates distance signals which are integrated with the heading signals, calibrated by gating with a probabilistic function. A visual display is driven by means which are responsive to coincidence of the odometer and heading signals but which exclude response to coincidence of an odometor signal and two heading signals.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring which is adapted for use with a remote digital readout. The measuring apparatus includes an elongated main beam and a measuring device slidably mounted on the beam. The beam includes a transparent ruled scale with markings positioned thereon corresponding to different measurements. Mounted within the device is an electro-optical decoder suspended by a unique flexure arrangement which detects marks as the device is slidably moved on the beam and produces electrical signals which are provided to the remote digital readout system which in turn produces a visual readout of measurement. The measuring device includes a second reader scale having similar markings thereon.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an electro-optical digital precision micrometer and gages wherein one embodiment utilizes a tape carried in a frame and moved with the movable anvil portion of the apparatus. This tape is directed to and around a precision gage roller which carries a radially inscribed interrupter disc, wherein the lines on the disc cut a ray of light provided by a light source. This interruption of the ray of light is read by photosensors with the resulting pulses being converted into electrical signals which are fed to a digital counter and readout. In another embodiment the tape is carried and is moved with the movement of the movable anvil whose support also carries the precision roller whereby as the anvil is moved the tape is also moved at twice the rate of travel of the movable anvil.

Abstract: This invention pertains to an electro-optical digital precision micrometer in which a precision lead screw is carried by the frame in precision bearings mounted in supports in the frame and is carried by and in precise alignment with the movement of the movable anvil. A precision nut such as a ball nut is mounted on this precision screw and is carried by the movable anvil so that as it is moved the lead screw is caused to be rotated in response to the movement of the anvil. A rotatable interrupter disc is carried by and on the end of the lead screw and interrupts a light beam so that electrical pulse signals are fed to an encoder. In this embodiment the linear motion of the movable anvil or member is converted into electrical pulse signals in such a way that both the displacement and the direction of motion can be displayed.