Abstract: Devices and techniques are described to extract specific frequency band signals from a wide-band radio-frequency signal. A network entity may include an antenna for receiving the wide-band radio-frequency signal and may include a receiver circuit for processing the wide-band radio-frequency signal. The receiver circuit may include a transconductance amplifier and a plurality of single-band circuits. The transconductance amplifier may be configured to generate an amplified wide-band radio-frequency signal and send it to one or more of the single-band circuits. Each single-band circuit may be configured to extract a different frequency band signal from the amplified wide-band radio-frequency signal.

Abstract: A single-ended receiver is described. The single-ended receiver includes a multi-port transformer that outputs a differential signal. The multi-port transformer includes a first primary coil that is coupled to an output of a first low noise amplifier. The multi-port transformer also includes a second primary coil that is coupled to an output of a second low noise amplifier. The multi-port transformer further includes a first secondary coil. The single-ended receiver also includes a shared mixer that receives the differential signal from the multi-port transformer.

Abstract: An amplifier includes a transformer including a primary coil whose one end is connected to an input port and whose other end is connected to reference potential and a secondary coil magnetically-coupled with the primary coil, and a transistor including a source connected to one end of the secondary coil and a gate connected to other end of the secondary coil and a drain connected to an output port side.

Abstract: Several multiband transceivers are disclosed. An exemplified multiband transceiver supporting different bands has a transformer, an inbound switch circuit, and an outbound switch circuit. The transformer has input ports on a primary side, and output ports on a secondary side. The input ports are direct-current isolated from and magnetically coupled to the output ports. The inbound switch circuit is configured to connect one of the input ports with an RF signal source for signal transmission. The outbound switch circuit is configured to connect one of the output ports with a RF output load. Optionally, an input tunable capacitor is configured to shunt with the effective inductance of one of the input ports and form a LC tank for band selection.

Abstract: A digital communication system comprising a host and a client, the host calls the client via two transmission lines. The host includes a processor, a first control unit, a second control unit, a high frequency transformer and an interface unit. The digital communication system utilizes the first control unit and the high frequency transformer to modulate outgoing signals. The digital communication system utilizes the second unit and the high frequency transformer to demodulate incoming signals.

Abstract: A system and method for operating an amplifier system is provided. The amplifier system includes an input providing a direct coupling configured to receive a high-frequency input signal having a frequency in at least one of a radiofrequency (RF) and microwave range. The amplifier system also includes an amplifier including a dielectric material separating at least two superconducting layers forming an amplifier loop configured to receive the high-frequency input signal and deliver an amplified signal. The amplifier system includes an output providing a direct coupling configured to deliver the amplified signal.

Abstract: A power converter may include an amplifier that generates an error signal, a modulator that generates a modulated error signal, an isolator that generates an isolated modulated error signal, and a demodulator that generates an isolated error signal, which may be substantially proportional to the difference between the output signal and the reference signal, and a controller that controls a power stage to generate the output signal of the power converter.

Abstract: A cascode common source and common gate LNAs operating at 60 GHz are introduced and described. The cascode common source LNA is simulated to arrive at an optimum ratio of upper device width to the lower device width. The voltage output of the cascode common source LNA is translated into a current to feed and apply energy to the mixer stage. These input current signals apply the energy associated with the current directly into the switched capacitors in the mixer to minimize the overall power dissipation of the system. The LNA is capacitively coupled to the mixer switches in the I and Q mixers and are enabled and disabled by the clocks generated by the quadrature oscillator. These signals are then amplified by a differential amplifier to generate the sum and difference frequency spectra.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit includes: a first transformer in which a first inductor and a second inductor are magnetically coupled; a first field-effect transistor in which a gate is connected to a first input node via the first inductor, a drain is connected to a drain bias potential node via the second inductor, and a source is connected to a reference potential node; and a first output node connected to the drain of the first field-effect transistor.

Abstract: A multi-octave power amplifier and related method provides an impedance matching unit configured to match impedances of a pair of balanced radio frequency (RF) signals applied thereto and output a pair of impedance-matched balanced RF signals, a converting unit configured to convert the pair of the impedance-matched balanced RF signals to an unbalanced RF signal and a compensation unit configured to compensate at least one rolled-off frequency component of the unbalanced RF signal and output a compensated RF signal.

Abstract: A three dimensional on-chip radio frequency amplifier is disclosed that includes first and second transformers and a first transistor. The first transformer includes first and second inductively coupled inductors. The second transformer includes third and fourth inductively coupled inductors. Each inductor includes multiple first segments in a first metal layer; multiple second segments in a second metal layer; first and second inputs, and multiple through vias coupling the first and second segments to form a continuous path between the first and second inputs. The first input of the first inductor is coupled to an amplifier input; the first input of the second inductor is coupled to the first transistor gate; the first input of the third inductor is coupled to the first transistor drain, the first input of the fourth inductor is coupled to an amplifier output. The second inductor inputs and the first transistor source are coupled to ground.

Abstract: An amplifying circuit arranged for converting an input signal into an amplified output signal comprising: an input node (11) at an input side of said circuit for receiving said input signal (pi); an output node (9) at an output side of said circuit for outputting said amplified output signal (io); a first gain element (M1) connected between said input and output nodes and provided for converting an input voltage taken from said input signal into a current for forming said amplified output signal; a negative feedback loop (3) over said first gain element, said negative feedback loop having first elements (5, 6) arranged for providing input matching; and a positive feedback loop (2) over said first gain element, said positive feedback loop having second elements (7, 8) arranged for providing additional input matching and gain enhancement of said first gain element.

Abstract: A system and method for operating an amplifier system is provided. The amplifier system includes an input providing a direct coupling configured to receive a high-frequency input signal having a frequency in at least one of a radiofrequency (RF) and microwave range. The amplifier system also includes an amplifier including a dielectric material separating at least two superconducting layers forming an amplifier loop configured to receive the high-frequency input signal and deliver an amplified signal. The amplifier system includes an output providing a direct coupling configured to deliver the amplified signal.

Abstract: An amplifier having an input transmission network with a plurality of input transformers having serially coupled primary windings. Each one of the input transformers has a secondary winding magnetically coupled to a corresponding one of the primary windings. The amplifier includes an output transmission network having a plurality of output transformers having serially coupled secondary windings. Each one of the output transformers has a secondary winding magnetically coupled to a corresponding one of the primary windings. The amplifier includes a plurality of amplifier sections, each one the sections having an input connected to a corresponding one of the secondary windings of the input transformers and an output connected to a corresponding one of the primary windings of the output transformers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low noise amplifier comprising a transformer, a first amplifier and a feedback resistor, the transformer comprising a primary stage and a secondary stage. The secondary stage is connected to the input of the first amplifier and the output of the first amplifier is connected in series with a feedback resistor and the primary stage of said transformer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to improve broadband amplifier linearization. The present circuits make use of pre-distortion techniques to improve the 3rd order distortion of an amplifier to reduce the amount of DC power required to achieve a given system requirement. In addition, the amplifiers have broadband characteristics which lend themselves to simplified pre-distortion. A pre-distortion linearizer circuit is connected across the input terminals of an amplifier. The linearizer circuit includes multiple diodes to improve the clipping performance of the linearizer. In addition, RC circuits align the phase of the linearizer distortion to be opposite that of the amplifier.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a transformer formed on a semiconductor die. Such transformer may have multiple coils, including first and second coils. Each coil may have segments that in turn are formed on a corresponding metal layer of the semiconductor die. The segments of a given coil are coupled to each other, and the first and second coils can be interdigitated with each other.

Abstract: There is provided a track current suppression device. An exemplary device includes an input coupled between rails of a railway track and configured to receive an input voltage corresponding to a track current. The exemplary device also includes an amplifier configured to receive the input voltage and generate a cancellation current. The exemplary device also includes an output coupled between the rails of the railway track and configured to deliver the cancellation current to the rails with reversed polarity compared to the track current.

Abstract: A SPDT or SPMT switch may include a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, where a first end of the secondary winding is connected to a single pole port, where a first end of the primary winding is connected to a first throw port; a first switch having a first end and a second end, where the first end is connected to ground; and a second switch, where a second end of the secondary winding is connected to both a second end of the first switch and a first end of the second switch, where a second end of the second switch is connected to a second throw port, where the first switch controls a first communication path between the single pole port and the first throw port, and where the second switch controls a second communication path between the second throw port and the single pole port.

Abstract: A low-noise amplifier includes a first resistor that receives a first signal of a differential input signal, and a second resistor that receives a second signal of the differential input signal. The amplifier includes a first transconductance device coupled to the first resistor that provides a first signal of a differential output signal, and a second transconductance device coupled to the second resistor, that provides a second signal of the differential output signal. The receiver also includes a first capacitor coupled between the first resistor input and a control electrode on the second transconductance device, and a second capacitor coupled between the second resistor input and a control electrode on the first transconductance device. The low-noise amplifier can include additional gain stages.

Abstract: Aspects of a system for a power amplifier with an on-package matching transformer may include a DC/DC converter that enables generation of a bias voltage level within an IC die based on an amplitude of an input signal to a PA circuit within the IC die. The bias voltage level may be applied to a transformer, which is external to the IC die but internal to an IC package containing the IC die and/or a circuit board containing the IC package. One or more amplifier bias voltage levels, derived from the bias voltage level applied to the transformer, may be applied to the PA circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low noise amplifier comprising a transformer, a first amplifier and a feedback resistor, the transformer comprising a primary stage and a secondary stage. The secondary stage is connected to the input of the first amplifier and the output of the first amplifier is connected in series with a feedback resistor and the primary stage of said transformer.

Abstract: A transformer power combiner having a plurality of input ports and an output port is provided. The transformer power combiner includes a plurality of primary winding conductors and a plurality of secondary winding conductors. The primary winding conductors are electrically connected to the input ports, respectively; in addition, each of the primary winding conductors is electrically connected between a positive terminal and a negative terminal of a corresponding input port. The secondary winding conductors are magnetically coupled to the primary winding conductors, respectively. The secondary winding conductors are configured in a topology including series connection and parallel connection between a positive terminal and a negative terminal of the output port.

Abstract: An RF amplification device has amplification elements which amplify a radio frequency input signal in wireless radio communication. Transmission line transformers are coupled to one of an input electrode and an output electrode of the amplification elements and have a main line Lout arranged between the input and the output, and a sub line Lin1 arranged between an AC ground point and one of the input and the output and coupled to the main line Lout. By applying an operating voltage different from the ground voltage level to the AC ground point, the operating voltage is supplied to the output electrodes of the amplification elements via the sub line from the AC ground point. In realizing a high-performance load circuit in an RF amplification device, it is possible to avoid increase of a module height of an RF module.

Abstract: In a double-loop negative feedback low noise amplifier having double negative feedback paths by a feedback transformer and a feedback resistor added to a cascode amplifier comprising transistors and a resistor, a phase compensation circuit comprising a capacitor and a resistor is added between the output terminal of the double-loop negative feedback low noise amplifier and the input terminal of the cascode amplifier, i.e., the input terminal of the input transistor, and a phase compensation circuit comprising a capacitor and a resistor is added to the upper-stage transistor of the cascode amplifier, i.e., the input terminal of the upper-stage transistor. Those phase compensation circuits enable a low noise negative feedback amplifier which maintains a high feedback loop gain to a high frequency band, has a wider bandwidth than a conventional one, and has a high dynamic range.

Abstract: An accurate linear equivalent of an analog signal may be produced across an isolation barrier by driving a primary transformer winding with a drive amplifier and compensation amplifier, where the compensation operational amplifier amplifies a difference between a signal produced on a sense winding of the transformer and a combination of the input analog signal and output of the drive amplifier. The system may be stabilized by a lead-lag network between the sense winding, input signal, and operational amplifier. The transformer may comprise an isolation barrier to isolate the input analog signal from a signal winding. The primary winding of the transformer, driven by the operational amplifier and driver amplifier circuit, may produce a linear equivalent of the input analog signal across the isolation barrier on a signal winding of the transformer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provides an input structure for a power amplifier. In one example, the input structure has an input network and a predriver circuit to provide an input signal to the power amplifier. The input network includes a transformer for helping to maintain a constant input impedance. The predriver includes a limiting amplifier that provides isolation between the power amplifier and the RF input. A DC feedback circuit is used by the predriver that maintains the DC level of the inverters to a desired level.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provides an input structure for a power amplifier. In one example, the input structure has an input network and a predriver circuit to provide an input signal to the power amplifier. The input network includes a transformer for helping to maintain a constant input impedance. The predriver includes a limiting amplifier that provides isolation between the power amplifier and the RF input. A DC feedback circuit is used by the predriver that maintains the DC level of the inverters to a desired level.

Abstract: A programmable passive inductor includes two inductors or coils, each having a self-inductance, magnetically coupled together and having a mutual inductance proportional to a magnetic coupling factor. The relative magnitude of the currents through the two inductors can be dynamically varied, which changes the effective inductance.

Abstract: An RF amplifier system having improved power supply is presented and which includes a plurality of power amplifiers each having an output circuit for connecting a DC voltage source to one of a plurality of primary windings located on a first transformer. The first transformer has a plurality of secondary windings located thereon with each being a single turn secondary winding. The secondary windings are connected together in series. A second transformer is located in a cascaded arrangement with the first transformer and has a like plurality of single turn primary windings connected together in series and a like plurality of secondary windings are on said second transformer with each being connected to a rectifier for providing a controlled DC voltage.

Abstract: A switched-mode power amplifier is configured for performing power amplification of a plurality of signals input thereto and integrally summing (combining) those signals. Conceptually, this is achieved by replacing the center-tapped input winding component of the transformer within a conventional, balanced-type transformer-coupled voltage switching amplifier with separate input components, one for each input signal, in similar manner to the configuration of the input components of a conventional three-port combiner (trifilar). Accordingly, the input winding of the amplifier's transformer is comprised of a plurality of series-coupled windings, one for each of the plurality of input components/signals. In one embodiment, using balanced amplifier input components comprising series-coupled center-tapped windings, the center tap of each input winding is connected to a voltage rail and each terminal end of the winding is driven by an amplifying active device (i.e.

Abstract: A transformer-coupled amplifier includes a driver transformer in which a primary winding, a secondary winding, and a tertiary winding are wound on a core of a magnetic circuit, a drive signal source for supplying an AC drive signal superposed with a drive-stage DC current to the primary winding of the driver transformer, a power tube for extracting, from the secondary winding of the driver transformer, an AC signal corresponding to the AC drive signal supplied to the primary winding of the driver transformer, and for amplifying the AC signal from the secondary winding, and a DC magnetization control power source for supplying a predetermined magnetization control current to the tertiary winding of the driver transformer so as to change a degree of DC magnetization of the core of the magnetic circuit of the driver transformer. The DC magnetized state of the core of the transformer magnetized by the DC current is appropriately changed by the magnetization control current.

Abstract: An impedance matching and filter network is disclosed. The network performs two preselected impedance transformations and provides a filtering function to attenuate harmonics of an electrical signal delivered at an input of the network. The network may advantageously be structured in the form of balanced dual filters which are referenced to a virtual ground between them, the virtual ground being connected to a shield which surrounds the electric components. The network is particularly suitable for use with electrodeless discharge lamps to provide an impedance matching function for the induction coil and to limit RFI.

Abstract: A system for increasing the voltage handling capacity of an amplifier circuit coupled to a transformer output comprises a transformer secondary winding divided into n sub secondary windings, where n is an integer. A first terminal of a first of the sub secondary windings is coupled to a reference potential. n amplifiers, numbered sequentially 1.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.n as they appear in the amplification circuit with an output terminal of the nth amplifier comprising an output terminal of the amplification circuit, each have an input terminal and an output terminal. An input terminal of the first amplifier is coupled to a second terminal of the first sub secondary winding. An output terminal of each of the n amplifiers is coupled to a first terminal of the next adjacent higher numbered sub secondary winding, except for the nth amplifier, the output of which comprises the output of the amplifier circuit.

Abstract: An ohmically isolating input circuit accepts a three pin connector of a cable from a signal source output for virtually all three pin connector standards, and will output a signal of the same voltage regardless of which of the three pin connector standards are used. In one embodiment of the invention, the input circuit includes a center tapped transformer having its tap primary winding side connected to the circuits three input terminals and having its secondary winding side connected directly into the input of an operational amplifier which forces the transformer to operate as a current transformer with virtually no voltage drop across its secondary or primary windings. The output of the operational amplifier, which serves as the output of the input circuit, is fed back to the inverting input of the operational amplifier to provide a high gain negative feedback circuit which converts signal currents from the transformer secondary winding to an output voltage signal.

Abstract: An ohmically isolated input circuit accepts a three pin connector of a cable from a signal source output for virtually all three pin connector standards, and will output a signal of the same voltage gain regardless of which of the three pin connector standards are used. The input circuit includes two magnetically isolated, serially connected transformers and three input terminals connected to the transformer's serially connected primary windings so that the input signal to any two of the three terminals is transformer coupled without change in gain to the circuit output through one or the other or both of the transformers depending on which two input terminals are selected. By using current transformers rather than voltage transformers the transformers run at very low signal levels thereby permitting the use of inexpensive and lightweight transformers without the introduction of distortion.

Abstract: The Miller effect capacitance of an amplifying device, such as a transistor, is effectively used to increase the gain and/or the high-frequency cut-off point in the band width of a relatively high-frequency amplifier. The transistor or equivalent amplifying device is connected in an emitter follower configuration and the amplifier output signal is derived therefrom. An input signal to the amplifier is applied through an input transformer. The secondary winding of the input transformer is electrically connected to the base of the transistor. The emitter follower configuration of the transistor causes the Miller effect capacitance to be effective in a resonant circuit which includes the effective inductance of the secondary winding of the input transformer and the Miller effect capacitance.

Abstract: Pulsed RF operation of a class C biased BJT is enhanced using a three element system to control the BJT emitter current. The three element system includes a transformer having a secondary connected in the emitter current path. Connected to the transformer primary are the other two elements, namely, an impedance and a pulse source. The three elements cooperate to cause the emitter current to substantially conform to a desired or predetermined pulse waveform.

Abstract: An improved input system for isolating resolver or synchro outputs from inputs to demodulators or analog-to-digital converters uses current transformers rather than voltage transformers. The resistances of resistors connected in series with the primary windings of the isolation transformers are adjusted to standardize the input currents of the transformers.

Abstract: A current branching circuit for an amplifier for first and second input terminals and a current supply feed terminal comprising a pair of magnetically coupled windings with one of the windings connected between the center conductor of a coaxial feed line and one of the input terminals and the other windings connected between the other input terminals to a capacitor which has its other side connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line and wherein the pair of leads connecting the pair of windings to the pair of input terminals cross one another. The outer conductor of the coaxial line is connected to the current supply feed terminal through a second capacitor.

Abstract: A low-noise, stage-stabilized, direct-coupled, single-ended amplifier cirt is disclosed which has a unique feedback network combined therewith in such manner that degenerative alternating current and substantially constant direct current feedback signals are supplied thereto, so as to effect an exceptionally steady amplification factor therefor over a very broad frequency response band.

Abstract: A frequency tunable microwave apparatus including a semiconductor TRAPATT diode generating a microwave signal at its fundamental, second and third harmonic frequencies. Energy is extracted at the second harmonic frequency and a certain impedance loading is provided at the fundamental frequency and third harmonic by a variable impedance hybrid idler circuit. The hybrid idler circuit comprises a distributed transmission line serially connected to a lumped variable capacitor. Variations in the capacitance of the variable capacitor tune the fundamental frequency without substantially varying the impedance loading conditions of the diode allowing energy to be extracted at the second harmonic frequency throughout the tunable frequency range.

Abstract: An R. F. wide band amplifier is disclosed. It comprises a high impedance step up transformer at the input end, a wide band high impedance J-Fet attenuator connected to the step up transformer, a dual gate MosFet amplifier connected to the attenuator and a high impedance wide band step down transformer connected to the output of the MosFet. The output of the amplifier is taken from the stepped down side of the transformer.