Abstract: An inductor includes a semiconductor substrate, pairs of pads formed on the semiconductor substrate at predetermined intervals with the pads in a pair spaced apart a predetermined distance, bonding wires connect the pads constituting the corresponding pairs of pads, and metal lines connect pads among the pairs to other pads to form a current path for the inductor. Since the inductor uses bonding wire which has low resistance and can reduce the contact area with chips, the inductor has few parasitic components and a high quality factor in nearly all frequency regions.

Abstract: An amplifier for a capacitive load which includes a pair of high-voltage tube output circuits connected in a power output tube arrangement operating in push-pull for driving a capacitive load together with a feedback network connected between the Schmitt arrangement and a pair of transistors interconnected in a complementary difference amplifier circuit, the output of the complementary difference amplifier circuit connected to the driving tube of the power output tube arrangement to provide an amplifier output level having low distortion, positive DC centering and a high order of stability.

Abstract: A fail-safe active bandpass filter circuit is disclosed; that is, one having voltage gain and which is arranged to be fail-safe in the sense that opens, shorts and component value changes will not cause the circuit to self-oscillate and thereby produce a spurious signal that would cause unsafe effects.