Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for a superconducting traveling-wave parametric amplifier (TWPA) with improved control and performance. In a preferred embodiment, the amplifier comprises an integrated array of symmetric rf-SQUIDs in a transmission line structure. A device was fabricated using niobium superconducting integrated circuits, and confirmed predicted performance, with a maximum gain up to 17 dB and a bandwidth of 4 GHz. A similar device can be applied as a low-noise, low-dissipation microwave amplifier for output from a superconducting quantum computer, or as a preamplifier, switch, or frequency converter for a sensitive microwave receiver, or as an output amplifier for a frequency-multiplexed superconducting detector array.

Abstract: An ultra low-k dielectric material layer is formed on a semiconductor substrate. In one embodiment, a grid of wires is placed at a distance above a top surface of the ultra low-k dielectric material layer and is electrically biased such that the total electron emission coefficient becomes 1.0 at the energy of electrons employed in electron beam curing of the ultra low-k dielectric material layer. In another embodiment, a polymeric conductive layer is formed directly on the ultra low-k dielectric material layer and is electrically biased so that the total electron emission coefficient becomes 1.0 at the energy of electrons employed in electron beam curing of the ultra low-k dielectric material layer. By maintaining the total electron emission coefficient at 1.0, charging of the substrate is avoided, thus protecting any device on the substrate from any adverse changes in electrical characteristics.

Abstract: A high-power amplifier having a current-adding array is provided for high-speed driving of an inductive element, e.g., a deflection coil of an electron beam gun. The amplifier includes a first voltage node (U1) and a second voltage node (UV), at least one of which is connected to a regulated power supply, and a plurality of first switchable bridges (B11, B12, B13, . . . , B1k) connected in parallel between the first and second voltage nodes. Each switchable bridge includes at least one resistor (R11, R12, R13, . . . , R1k) with a resistance value that is selected so that a first resistor (R11) has a first resistance value WR11 equal to Rmin, a second resistor (R12) has a second resistance value WR12 greater than or equal to WR11 and an n-th resistor has an n-th resistance value WR1n greater than or equal to WR1n?1.

Abstract: The invention relates to amplifying electron tubes operating at microwave frequencies. The electron tube comprises: a pump-out tube that allows the vacuum inside the electron tube to be created; an electron gun that emits an electron beam inside the electron tube; a collector that directly collects a first portion of the electron beam. The pump-out tube directly repels a second portion of the electron beam in the direction of the collector.

Abstract: A klystron device comprises an array of cold-cathode field emission elements arranged to form a distributed amplifier which further comprises a modulation strip line and a catcher strip line. A collector electrode is spaced from the catcher strip line. The device may include a deflector for returning electrons emitted by the elements back to the modulation strip line so that the device acts as an oscillator.

Abstract: An amplifying surface wave receiver for a surface wave element composed of a material which has the piezo effect and which can be rendered electrically conductive by local doping wherein a doped region is formed at the upper portion of an insulating substrate body (8) which forms the surface wave element and said doped region forms a conductive channel (7) between at least two contact electrodes (3, 3') which have a defined distance from each other and in the channel thus formed the occurring piezo charges are positioned so as to modulate the conductivity of the channel. One pole terminal of a voltage source (4) is connected to one of the contact electrodes (3) and the other pole terminal is connected to the other contact electrode (3') through an alternating current detector (5).

Abstract: A charged particle accelerator is provided with quadrupole electrodes with surfaces that are opposed to each other and are undulated, and with an external resonance circuit. The external resonance circuit consists of a capacitor formed by the opposing electrodes, a variable capacitor provided in parallel with said capacitor, and a coil. The resonance frequency is variable. A direct current and an alternating current may be applied in a superposed manner to the quadrupole electrodes. The thus constructed accelerator can be employed for an ion implanter to implant a heavy-current ion beam of several hundred KeV to several MeV.

Abstract: A plasma-filled waveguide acts as a dispersive element for pulse compression or power multiplication of a frequency chirped microwave signal. In one embodiment, the frequency of the source is chirped near a plasma resonance while the plasma waveguide is held contant in time. In a second embodiment, the source frequency is held fixed while the plasma filled waveguide parameters are varied in time in the vicinity of a plasma resonance.

Abstract: A system for optimizing the RF input drive to a TWT amplifier over a frequency band of interest is disclosed. The system includes a microprocessor-based controller, an RF detector for detecting the TWT output, and a variable attenuator for adjusting the input drive to the TWT. The controller comprises an analog-to-digital converter for converting the video detector signals and providing digital RF level signals which are representative of the TWT output power level. Frequency data is also provided to the controller indicating the frequency of the RF exciter signals driving the TWT. The controller is, therefore, provided with frequency and RF level information, and is adapted to control the attenuator to adjust the TWT input drive for optimum TWT output. The system is operable in a calibration mode wherein the controller follows a calibration algorithm to determine the optimum attenuator setting, resulting in the maximum RF output, for each frequency of interest.

Abstract: A line imager comprising: a semiconductor body; a planar, transparent piezoelectric body having a main surface overlying and in proximity to the semiconductor body; wave propagation means for propagating acoustic waves on the main surface of the piezoelectric body to create traveling potential wells in the underlying semiconductor body; a traveling potential well path located in the semiconductor, the traveling potential well path beginning at the wave propogation means and extending straight away therefrom; semiconductor depletion means for depleting the semiconductor of majority charge carriers along the traveling potential well path, the depletion means located atop the piezoelectric body; a gate located on the semiconductor body and alongside and parallel to the traveling potential well path and adjoining the semiconductor depletion means; a plurality of sensor pixels for accumulating charge, the sensor pixels located in the semiconductor body, the pixels aligned next to each other and running parallel to

Abstract: A device for the high speed recording of photon images and nonrepetitive electrical waveforms which comprises a waveform recorder wherein surface acoustic waves excited in a can be GaAs, not layered piezoelectric-insulator-semiconductor layered structure produce a traveling electric field in the semiconductor substrate. Charges stored in the traveling potential wells and representing the instantaenous amplitude of a waveform to be recorded are transferred at static wells when a gate is dropped. Because each successive traveling well represents a different time instant of the waveform, the different spatial locations of the static wells correspond to different times. The output signal from the static wells can be selectively delayed before application to a display oscilloscope to enable display of the waveform at a rate many times slower than the actual frequency of the signal waveform.

Abstract: The parametric amplifier includes plurality of parameter changing or exciting regions provided in a periodic array on a wave propagation medium having the property that waves having different frequencies travel through the medium at different velocities, so as to cause a parametric action only when a wave applied to the amplifier satisfies a predetermined condition relative to the dispersive nature of the medium.

Abstract: A device and method for optical pumping in a whispering mode optical waveguide. Both a helical ribbon and cylinder are disclosed which incorporate an additional curvature for confining the beam to increase intensity. An optical pumping medium is disposed in the optical path of the beam as it propagates along the waveguide. Optical pumping is enhanced by the high intensities of the beam and long interaction pathlengths which are achieved in a small volume.

Abstract: A waveform recorder wherein surface acoustic waves excited in a piezoelecc-insulator-semiconductor layered structure produce a traveling electric field in the semiconductor substrate. Charges stored in the traveling potential wells and representing the instantaneous amplitude of a waveform to be recorded are transferred at high speed and density to different respective spatial locations. Because each successive well represents a different time instant of the waveform, the different spatial locations correspond to different times. The output signal from each of the locations can be selectively delayed before application to a display oscilloscope to enable display of the waveform at a rate many times slower than the actual frequency of the signal waveform.

Abstract: For generation of a light beam having a narrow linewidth, an energy extraction beam of narrow linewidth, typically from a pulsed laser, is directed into a Raman medium having a large stimulated line. A second source, typically a pulsed laser, delivers a beam coaxial to the first in the medium. The frequency of the first beam is within the stimulated emission line of the medium induced by the second frequency and energy transfer occurs from the second to the first beam without substantial increase in the spectral linewidth.

Abstract: Josephson devices are distributed in series in a transmission line structure in which electromagnetic waves are used to synchronize the dynamics of the Josephson devices in order to achieve coherence between the devices. Electromagnetic waves, such as oscillatory traveling waves, standing waves, and solitary waves along the transmission line couple the Josephson devices in a manner such that coherence is achieved for the entire array. The Josephson devices can be tunnel junctions, point contacts, micro bridges, and weak links, and more generally include any such superconductive device which obeys the Josephson equations of voltage and current. The transmission line is any line which controllably supports electromagnetic waves, and can include strip lines located over a ground plane, coaxial lines, etc. A DC bias is supplied to the transmission line, and the ends are terminated in accordance with the type of wave to be propagated along the line.

Abstract: A device and method for Raman scattering in a whispering mode optical waveguide. Both a helical ribbon and cylinder are disclosed which incorporate an additional curvature .rho. p for confining the beam to increase intensity. A Raman scattering medium is disposed in the optical path of the beam as it propagates along the waveguide. Raman scattering is enhanced by the high intensities of the beam and long interaction path lengths which are achieved in a small volume.

Abstract: An electron bombarded semiconductor amplifier including an elongated envelope having an electron gun projecting a sheet electron beam towards a distributed element semiconductor target which propagates an output signal including a single extended area semiconductor diode or a plurality of series-connected semiconductor diodes which are reverse biased and a doubly-distributed deflection means adapted to receive an input signal and cooperate with said sheet electron beam to deflect the beam in accordance with an input signal in synchronism with electron beam velocity and target signal propagation velocity to strike the target and generate an amplifier output signal.

Abstract: A multistaged Stokes injected Raman capillary waveguide amplifier for providing a high gain Stokes output signal. The amplifier uses a plurality of optically coupled capillary waveguide amplifiers and one or more regenerative amplifiers to increase Stokes gain to a level sufficient for power amplification. Power amplification is provided by a multifocused Raman gain cell or a large diameter capillary waveguide. An external source of CO.sub.2 laser radiation can be injected into each of the capillary waveguide amplifier stages to increase Raman gain. Devices for injecting external sources of CO.sub.2 radiation include: dichroic mirrors, prisms, gratings and Ge Brewster plates. Alternatively, the CO.sub.2 input radiation to the first stage can be coupled and amplified between successive stages.

Abstract: A device for producing stimulated Raman scattering of CO.sub.2 laser radiation by rotational states in a diatomic molecular gas utilizing a Stokes injection signal. The system utilizes a cryogenically cooled waveguide for extending focal interaction length. The waveguide, in conjunction with the Stokes injection signal, reduces required power density of the CO.sub.2 radiation below the breakdown threshold for the diatomic molecular gas. A Fresnel rhomb is employed to circularly polarize the Stokes injection signal and CO.sub.2 laser radiation in opposite circular directions. The device can be employed either as a regenerative oscillator utilizing optical cavity mirrors or as a single pass amplifier. Additionally, a plurality of Raman gain cells can be staged to increase output power magnitude. Also, in the regenerative oscillator embodiment, the Raman gain cell cavity length and CO.sub.2 cavity length can be matched to provide synchronism between mode locked CO.sub.

Abstract: Parametric coupling device for traveling-waves, comprising a first signal wave, a second idler wave and a third pump wave, wherein a transmission line for said traveling-waves is formed on a substrate of dielectric material, which comprises a virtually continuous network of non-linear interaction elements, modulated by the pump wave, and so modulating the conduction properties of the transmission line and enabling intermodulation to be set up between the various traveling-waves. The virtually continuous network of non-linear interaction elements is a substantially plane network, each non-linear interaction element being at a distance a, or pitch of the network, from a neighbouring non-linear element, the distance a being less than the smallest of the wavelength of the signal, idler and pump waves and the plane network being disposed in the neighborhood of the upper surface of the transmission line.

Abstract: A circuit for amplifying high frequency electromagnetic waves composed of a Josephson junction constituting an electromagnetic high frequency line along which electromagnetic waves can propagate at a signal frequency and at least one idler frequency, the junction being supplied with a direct voltage which modulates its associated Josephson current with respect to time, and with a magnetic field which modulates that current with respect to space.

Abstract: An electron bombarded semiconductor amplifier with a simplified target construction where the common point of the diode array is returned to ground enabling the radio frequency bypassing capacitors to be made a smaller size and the dc blocking capacitors to be provided by separate capacitors outside of the vacuum envelope and also optimized.

Abstract: An electron beam deflection amplifier having two spaced parallel electron ams and a pair of spaced collector electrodes for intercepting the beams to provide an output beam current. The beams are deflected in opposite directions by the input signal to be amplified but are deflected in the same direction by external undesired stray fields. The collector electrodes are dimensioned and relatively positioned such that variable portions of both beams will be collected at both electrodes. Each collector electrode will intercept a portion of each beam and the portion of each beam not intercepted by one collector electrode will be intercepted by the other collector electrode. For desired input signals, the collector current outputs are additive. A stray magnetic field will deflect the electron beams in the same direction in which case the output current due to one beam substracts and cancels the output current from the other beam. In this manner the effect of external fields are compensated for and nullified.