Abstract: A distributed driver for an optic signal generator has a first amplifier cell with one or more amplifiers configured to receive and amplify an input signal to create a first amplified signal. A second amplifier cell has one or more amplifiers configured to receive and amplify the input signal to create a second amplified signal. A first conductive path and second conductive path connects to the first amplifier cell and the second amplifier cell such that the inductance associated with the first and second conductive path counteracts a capacitance associated with the first amplifier cell and the second amplifier cell. A variable capacitor may be part of the first amplifier cell and/or the second amplifier cell to selectively tune the capacitance of the distributed driver. A distributed bias circuit may be part of the first amplifier cell and/or the second amplifier cell to bias an optic signal transmitter.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention disclose a filter, including: a conductive box body, and an insulating substrate, a first conductor, and a second conductor that are arranged inside the conductive box body. The insulating substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The first conductor is arranged on the first surface of the insulating substrate. A position on the second surface corresponding to the first conductor contacts with the conductive box body. The second conductor is arranged on the first surface or the second surface of the insulating substrate. The second conductor and the conductive box body form a coaxial resonant cavity together. Further, an end of the second conductor is coupled with the first conductor, and the other end of the second conductor is coupled with the conductive box body. The filter has advantages of a microstrip filter of simple manufacturing process and small volume.

Abstract: A power amplifier includes an amplifying circuit, and first through third transmission lines. The amplifying circuit amplifies an input signal having a fundamental frequency to generate a first amplified signal and a second amplified signal whose phase is opposed to the first amplified signal. The first transmission line adds a first group of phases, different in correspondence with a frequency, to the first amplified signal by using a left-handed material to generate a first transmission signal. The second transmission line adds a second group of phases, different in correspondence with a frequency, to the second amplified signal by using a right-handed material to generate a second transmission signal. The third transmission line overlaps the first and the second transmission signals to generate an output signal. The first and the second group of phases include a phase difference configured to weaken a second harmonic and a third harmonic.

Abstract: An oscillator circuit comprises a push-push oscillator and a differential output, comprising a first and a second output circuit. The push-push oscillator has a first and a second branch. Each of the first and second branch comprises an own voltage divider branch of a common bridge circuit. Each of the first and second voltage divider branches comprises an own pair of micro-strip lines connected in series. Each of the first and second voltage divider branches has an own tap. Both taps are connected to each other by at least one of a first capacity and a micro-strip line. The differential output comprises a first and a second output terminal. The first output terminal is connected via the first output circuit to a first node. The second output terminal is connected via the second output circuit to a second node. Each of the first and second nodes of the push-push oscillator is a common node of both of the first and the second branches.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to coupled circuits and methods of coupling circuits having a power supply wherein a plurality of transistors are inductively coupled directly to the power supply for providing a single DC supply voltage directly to each of the plurality of transistors, and wherein a plurality of transformers have primary and secondary windings, the primary and secondary windings providing, at least in part, inductive loads for inductively coupling the plurality of transistors to the power supply, the plurality of transformers also providing an AC signal path for coupling neighboring ones of the plurality of transistors together.

Abstract: In order to allow to make compact a distributed amplifier by dispensing with any choke coil and reduce its cost, the distributed amplifier is configured such that it comprises an input side transmission line, an output side transmission line, and plural amplifier circuits connected to the input side transmission line and the output side transmission line, wherein push-pull amplifier circuits are employed as the amplifier circuits.

Abstract: A system and method to optimize the efficiency of an amplifier device is provided by the including a non-linear amplifier in a mobile radio device. A phase displaced signal in relation to the input signal is respectively produced in the amplifier device with a non-linear power amplifier and in a plurality of push-pull successive phase modifiers, and the outputs of the phase modifier are connected by a passive component.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a distributed power amplifier topology and device that efficiently and economically enhances the power output of an RF signal to be amplified. The power amplifier comprises a plurality of push-pull amplifiers interconnected in a novel circular geometry that preferably function as a first winding of an active transformer having signal inputs of adjacent amplification devices driven with an input signal of equal magnitude and opposite phase. The topology also discloses the use of a secondary winding that matches the geometry of primary winding and variations thereof that serve to efficiently combine the power of the individual power amplifiers. The novel architecture enables the design of low-cost, fully-integrated, high-power amplifiers in the RF, microwave, and millimeter-wave frequencies.

Abstract: An operation amplifier 1 for driving an liquid crystal panel is constructed of: differential stage circuits 2, 3, drive stage circuits 4, 5, output transistors 11 to 14, switching means for switching the connections of the differential stage circuits 2, 3 and the drive stage circuits 4, 5, and a middle-potential side power source 10. These differential stage circuits 2, 3 and drive stage circuits 4, 5 are operated between the high-potential side power source 8 and the low-potential side power source 9. The output transistors 11, 12 are operated between the high-potential side power source 8 and the middle-power side power source 10, and also the output transistors 13, 14 are operated between the middle-potential side power source 10 and the low-potential side power source 9, which are alternately driven by the drive stage circuits 4, 5, respectively.

Abstract: A means of connecting a plurality of essentially identical active devices is presented for the purpose of multifunction and multiple function operation. These devices, mounted on a chip, are flip-mounted onto a circuit formed on a base substrate and having large passive elements. Push-pull amplifiers are presented as examples in which the multiple function operation is the combining of amplifiers whose active devices are on a single chip. Electromagnetic coupling, impedance matching and signal transmission are variously provided by the use of strip lines, slotlines, coplanar waveguides, and a slotline converted into a coplanar waveguide.

Abstract: A method and system for amplifying an ultrasonic transmit signal is provided. A first amplifier stage has a first supply voltage input and receives transmit signals. A second amplifier stage has a second supply voltage input and receives transmit signals in parallel with the first amplifier stage. Amplified transmit signals are output from one of the first and second amplifier stages. The supply voltage inputs are supplied with fixed voltages. The first amplifier stage is associated with PW operation and a higher supply voltage than the second amplifier stage. The second amplifier stage is associated with CW operation.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement is presented for an optical modulator with an optical modulator diode (MD) driven in the blocking direction which, in addition to a shunt resistor (RN) wired in parallel with the modulator diode, contains a damping resistor (RD) wired ahead of the modulator diode, for attenuating unwanted reflections. The damping resistor is preferably wired ahead of the parallel circuit of modulator diode and shunt resistor, and forms part of the terminal resistance of the connecting line carrying the modulation signal (U.sub.m).

Abstract: A method for amplitude modulating signals, and a circuit that operates in accordance with the method. The method includes a first step of applying a modulating low frequency signal having a time-varying voltage to a tunable resonator. The tunable resonator exhibits parallel and series resonances at frequencies which shift as a function of the time-varying voltage. A second step includes applying an RF carrier signal having a frequency that is between the parallel resonant frequency and the series resonant frequency to the tunable resonator. In response thereto, the tunable resonator causes the RF carrier signal to be attenuated as a function of the time-varying voltage of the modulating low frequency signal. Also provided is a method for phase modulating signals, and a circuit that operates in accordance therewith. A first step includes applying a modulating low frequency signal having a time-varying voltage to a tunable resonator.

Abstract: A system for increasing the power efficiency of a balanced amplifier driven antenna arrangement includes a push-pull class B power amplifier circuit which is responsive to a periodic, time varying input signal and generates at least two output signals in response thereto. The arrangement also includes a balanced antenna exhibiting a relatively high impedance at the second harmonic of the input signal. The arrangement further includes at least one transmission line operatively coupled between the power amplifier circuit and the balanced antenna to provide the at least two output signals to the balanced antenna. The at least one transmission line has a length which is one-eighth of the wavelength of the input signal or odd multiples thereof, and thereby reflects back to the power amplifier circuit a substantially short circuit at the second harmonic of the input signal.

Abstract: The wave propagation signal transmission device according to the invention comprises two coupled distributed-constant wave propagation lines. The lines include active members of amplifying signals in transit in the form of linear and continuous components in parallel relationship. In particular, a cathode 318, and control grid 320, decoupling/accelerating screen grids 324, 326, receive, at E, HF signals to be amplified, and an anode 322 delivers, at S, amplified signals. Possible uses of the device according to the invention are high power and very wide band HF amplification and the generation of electromagnetic pulses very steep rise front and of long duration.

Abstract: Bidirectional CATV (Cable Television) repeating amplifier circuitry has a first splitter, a second splitter, trunk distribution terminals used at a low level, and subscriber distribution terminals used at a high level. A distribution circuit distributes a signal from the first splitter to the distribution circuits and couples up-going signals from the distribution terminals and delivers the coupled signal to the second splitter.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of RF amplification of signals up to 1 GHz. The apparatus, known as a repeater station, is for use in Community Antenna TeleVision transmission (CATV). The RF amplification (gain) stage includes two multitransistor distributed amplifier stages connected in a push-pull configuration. Each distributed amplifier includes four transistors connected to produce two-each cascode circuits. The distributed amplifier stages are operated in push-pull configuration by means of a 180.degree. phase shifting power splitter. The push-pull configuration of the distributed amplifier operates in combination with the 180.degree. phase shifting power splitter to cancel the 2IM distortion created within the distributed amplifiers, and to double the output capability of a single distributed amplifier.

Abstract: A radio frequency amplifier includes a first pair of quadrature couplers arranged to provide in response to an input signal first and second radio frequency signals having equal amplitudes and a first single-ended amplifier is fed by said first radio frequency signal to provide at an output thereof an amplified first signal having frequency components corresponding to a fundamental frequency of the input signal and second order products of the input signal. A second single-ended amplifier is fed by said second radio frequency signal for providing at an output thereof an amplified, second signal having second order products of the input signal and 180.degree. phase shifter frequency of the input signal.

Abstract: An RF power combiner combines the power of several microwave high power FET amplifiers. A plurality of baluns which convert a balanced transmission line to an unbalanced transmission line and have outputs which are 180.degree. out of phase from each other may be connected at the inputs and the outputs of the FETs. This connection allows for very high output power while matching impedances of the input and the output of the power combiner. Additionally, loss in the output circuit can be minimized by connecting equi-phase outputs of the FETs in a parallel/push-pull manner.

Abstract: A double balun circuit is provided by connecting two pairs of circut types. The first circuit, a distributed divider circuit, includes first and second pluralities of field effect transistors, a common input transmission line, and a first and second output transmission lines. The common input transmission line is disposed to successively couple the input electrodes of each transistor of both the first and second pluralities of transistors. The output lines are disposed to successively couple the output electrodes of the respective ones of the plurities of transistors. Each output transmission line is coupled to one of the pair of output terminals of the circuit.

Abstract: An amplifying surface wave receiver for a surface wave element composed of a material which exhibits the piezo effect and which can be rendered electrically conductive by local doping, where a doped region is formed at the upper portion of an insulating substrate body (8) which forms the surface wave element and which is composed of piezo electric material, said doped region forms a conductive channel (7) between at least two contact electrodes which are spaced a defined distance from each other, and the conductive channel (7) formed such that occurring piezo charges are positioned so as to modulate the conductivity of said channel. One terminal of a voltage source (4) is connected to one of the contact electrodes (6) and the other terminal is connected to the other contact electrode (6) through an alternating current detector (5).

Abstract: This invention relates to a push-pull transformer for use in a high frequency push-pull amplifier. This push-pull transformer has a coaxial line whose one end is connected to an input terminal, while the other end thereof is provided with an internal conductor and an outer conductor, the internal and outer conductors being grounded through stubs. A capacitor having a proper capacity is connected between the internal conductor and the outer conductor whereby the push-pull transformer can be properly actuated in a low frequency range other than the frequency used without any necessity to enlarge the size of the stubs.

Abstract: An amplifying surface wave receiver for a surface wave element composed of a material which has the piezo effect and which can be rendered electrically conductive by local doping wherein a doped region is formed at the upper portion of an insulating substrate body (8) which forms the surface wave element and said doped region forms a conductive channel (7) between at least two contact electrodes (3, 3') which have a defined distance from each other and in the channel thus formed the occurring piezo charges are positioned so as to modulate the conductivity of the channel. One pole terminal of a voltage source (4) is connected to one of the contact electrodes (3) and the other pole terminal is connected to the other contact electrode (3') through an alternating current detector (5).

Abstract: Compensation for the effects of environmentally caused changes and aging on piezoelectric acoustic wave devices is electrically provided by the application of a signal, such as a DC bias voltage, to the finger elements of an interdigital transducer formed on the surface of the acoustic wave device. This produces very large field concentrations at the finger edges which act to magnify the electric field and accordingly the electroacoustic effect which alters the acoustic velocity of surface acoustic waves, shallow bulk acoustic waves and reflected bulk acoustic waves propagating in a piezoelectric substrate between input and output interdigital transducers.

Abstract: A tuning system employs a specific resonant circuit which includes two electrodes confronting each other through a dielectric interposed therebetween. Each of the two electrodes has at least one bent portion to present a lumped-constant inductance and has a desired equivalent electrical length. The two electrodes respectively have common terminals located out of mutually confronting positions so that voltage signals induced by mutual inductance between the electrodes will be opposite in phase so as to thereby produce a parasitic distributed-constant capacitance. The two electrodes form a two-terminal circuit network having a first terminal disposed at a desired position on one of the two electrodes and the common terminals as a second terminal. The first terminal of the resonant circuit is connected to a feedback amplifier, an amplifier, or a mixer so as to form a tuning oscillator, a tuning amplifier or a mixer.

Abstract: A radio-frequency amplifier includes at least two double-ended electron discharge devices in coaxial-type, radio-frequency cavity-resonator circuits. Each discharge device has a discharge region so that the amplifier comprises a plurality of longitudinally spaced-apart, electrically connected discharge regions. Each of the discharge regions has a cathode with an anode circumscribing the cathode. At least one grid electrode is disposed between the cathode and the anode. A coaxial input transmission line is loop-coupled to an input cavity-resonator circuit and a coaxial output transmission line is loop-coupled to an output cavity-resonator circuit.

Abstract: The parametric amplifier includes plurality of parameter changing or exciting regions provided in a periodic array on a wave propagation medium having the property that waves having different frequencies travel through the medium at different velocities, so as to cause a parametric action only when a wave applied to the amplifier satisfies a predetermined condition relative to the dispersive nature of the medium.

Abstract: An surface acoustic wave device, especially amplifier which includes input and output means for electrical signals provided so as to be spaced on a surface of a piezoelectric material which comprises a laminate in combination with a semiconductor, and an electrode provided in a surface signal wave propagation path between said input and output means for supplying pumping power.

Abstract: Receiver comprising at least two output means taking out electric signals corresponding to sound waves propagating in different directions in a surface elastic wave amplifier disposed in the high frequency amplifier stage, wherein phase difference or frequency difference between outputs of said output means is detected and frequency of pumping electric power applied to said surface elastic wave amplifier is controlled in response to output thus detected.

Abstract: A surface-acoustic-wave device wherein a plurality of metal strips (S) are provided on a propagation path of surface acoustic wave which is formed in a laminate comprised of a piezoelectric layer (23) and a semiconductor (1), the metal strips are extended onto the semiconductor outside the propagation path of surface acoustic wave, and depletion layer capacitance non-linearity created on the semiconductor surface at a region where the metal strips are extended is used as a main factor of a parametric interaction.

Abstract: A crystalline bar is doped with a rare earth. The bar is transparent to ration, such as from a laser, at a light wavelength which excites the rare earth ions in the bar and the light is modulated at the frequency at which the bar mechanically resonates.The excited ion decay radiatively by light or non-radiatively by phonons. As the phonons decay, they excite the bar to resonate mechanically. The mechanical resonance may be coupled by a piezoelectric material and measured to give information respecting the phonon activity of the excited rare earth ions.

Abstract: A frequency selector apparatus which effects a frequency selection by providing at least one reflecting electrode at a position adjacent elastic surface wave transducer or transducers provided in an acoustic wave propagation track in a piezoelectric medium so as to reflect a frequency component selected by a parametric interaction with an a.c. electrical signal applied to said reflecting electrode.

Abstract: A multiple channel amplifier providing both gain and/or phase shift to a microwave signal is formed of a set of transmission lines connected in parallel by means of a power splitter at the input end and a power combiner at the output end of the set of transmission lines. The transmission lines are disposed in a cylindrical array of electrically conducting bars which support amplifying and/or phase shifting elements between the bars and withdraw heat from the amplifying and/or phase shifting elements. The transmission lines may be slotted or severed for directing power flow towards an output terminal of the amplifier. The amplifying and/or phase shifting elements are conveniently mounted on a set of heat sinks to form modules, each of which is readily inserted and detached from the cylindrical array.

Abstract: An elastic surface wave device, especially amplifier which includes input and output means for electrical signals provided so as to be spaced on a surface of a piezoelectric material which composes a laminate in combination with a semiconductor, and an electrode provided in a surface signal wave propagation path between said input and output means for application of a d.c. bias voltage and supply of a pumping power.

Abstract: A generator for variable frequency submillimeter waves launches surface astic waves in piezoelectric material for generation of an associated acousto-electrical field. An electron beam is acted upon by the acousto-electrical field in a manner simulating the effect of an etched grating, resulting in an output frequency which may be varied by the variation of the acoustic wave frequency, or the velocity of the electron beam.

Abstract: A tapped surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line with time-resolved outputs sing piezoelectric leaky wave coupling and bulk wave amplification, and having low loss characteristics. A solid piezoelectric semiconductor is placed adjacent to a solid piezoelectric substrate. A pulsed rf input signal is applied to interdigital transducers (IDT) on the substrate. The applied signal launches a SAW in the substrate in a direction parallel to the interface between the substrate and the piezoelectric semiconductor solid. Upon reaching the interface, the SAW is piezoelectrically leaky-wave coupled across an air gap to a bulk acoustic wave in the piezoelectric semiconductor. Reflections of the bulk wave occur at both surfaces of the piezoelectric semiconductor, and piezoelectrically couples back across the air gap to excite a SAW on the piezoelectric substrate. The resultant rf output includes the normal delayed SAW pulse and additional delayed and time-resolved pulses.

Abstract: An oscillator or similar device employing a frequency setting SAW element having a piezoelectric substrate and an arrangement of interdigital finger transducers mounted thereon. In one embodiment, two interdigital finger transducers provide surface acoustic wave launching and reception respectively and in another embodiment, two additional transducers form a part of a discriminator circuit. Phase detection either between the electrical connections of the launching and receiving transducers or through the discriminator arrangement generates a feedback control signal which is applied across the ends of the substrate as a stress-controlling signal in a manner to compensate for temperature and other environmental factors which otherwise change the frequency of oscillation.

Abstract: An acoustic surface-wave filter comprises an element which is excitable to perform surface oscillations, which is formed at least partly of piezoelectric material and has interference locations for the surface wave on its surface together with electromechanical converter means, at least some of the interference locations forming a resonator with the average spacing of the interference locations being equal to a half of the wavelength of the surface waves or a whole number multiple of a half of the wavelength of the surface waves.

Abstract: An acoustic surface wave oscillator is constructed from a semiconductor-piezoelectric acoustic surface wave amplifier by providing appropriate perturbations at the piezoelectric boundary. The perturbations cause Bragg order reflections that maintain acoustic-wave oscillation under certain conditions of gain and feedback.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device which forms the product of convolution of two signals available in electrical form. This device consists of a substrate of lead molybdate in which there are created, at the two ends, volume elastic waves, which are longitudinal and transverse respectively for each of the two applied signals. The non-linear interaction of these waves produces an elastic wave of transverse mode, representing the product of convolution of the two signals.

Abstract: Apparatus for convolving acoustic surface waves without dispersion comprising a piezoelectric substrate having surface acoustic waves generated at opposite ends thereof and directed towards an interaction region formed from a semiconductor film deposited thereon. The film is deposited on the substrate at such an angle with respect to the direction of propagation of each of the two acoustic surface waves so that the dispersive components of the wave vectors associated with the surface acoustic waves refracted in the interaction region substantially cancel. Apparatus is also disclosed for substantially eliminating undesired wave reflections in a convolver operating in the degenerate mode wherein a conductive array of electrode fingers is disposed at an angle with respect to the direction of propagation of the acoustic surface waves such that the reflections therefrom are directed away from the paths traversed by said acoustic surface waves.

Abstract: A variable frequency VHF or UHF band oscillator is disclosed. Principal control over the precise location and stability of the frequency of oscillation is provided by a surface wave delay line in the regenerative feedback path of a broadband amplifier. The surface wave delay line is capable of passing substantial energy within each of a plurality of very narrow passbands. Controls are provided for ensuring that at any given time the circuit can oscillate only at the resonant frequency of one of these passbands. Selection of the frequency of oscillation is in accordance with an externally applied digital frequency select signal.

Abstract: An oscillator in which the "tank circuit" or feedback element is a surface acoustic wave (SAW) bandpass filter (delay line). A modulating voltage is applied from end-to-end of the piezoelectric substrate material to provide an incremental change of physical length of the substrate as a function of the modulating voltage. Two sets of interleaved fingers along a surface face of the substrate provide an interdigital arrangement for launching (electrical to acoustic transition) and receiving (acoustic to electrical transition) the surface acoustic wave.