Abstract: A multiple channel amplifier providing both gain and/or phase shift to a microwave signal is formed of a set of transmission lines connected in parallel by means of a power splitter at the input end and a power combiner at the output end of the set of transmission lines. The transmission lines are disposed in a cylindrical array of electrically conducting bars which support amplifying and/or phase shifting elements between the bars and withdraw heat from the amplifying and/or phase shifting elements. The transmission lines may be slotted or severed for directing power flow towards an output terminal of the amplifier. The amplifying and/or phase shifting elements are conveniently mounted on a set of heat sinks to form modules, each of which is readily inserted and detached from the cylindrical array.

Abstract: A multiple channel amplifier providing both gain and/or phase shift to a microwave signal is formed of a set of transmission lines connected in parallel by means of a power splitter at the input end and a power combiner at the output end of the set of transmission lines. The transmission lines are disposed in a cylindrical array of electrically conducting bars which support amplifying and/or phase shifting elements between the bars and withdraw heat from the amplifying and/or phase shifting elements. The transmission lines may be slotted or severed for directing power flow towards an output terminal of the amplifier. The amplifying and/or phase shifting elements are conveniently mounted on a set of heat sinks to form modules, each of which is readily inserted and detached from the cylindrical array.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for generating and stably amplifying broadband rf signals. The circuit arrangement includes a first rectangular waveguide designed for operation in a frequency range below its cutoff frequency and a second rectangular waveguide for operation at the operating frequency. An active semiconductor element is disposed in the first rectangular waveguide and a direct voltage is supplied to the semiconductor element. At least one waveguide section is provided for connecting the first and second rectangular waveguides and has the same width as the second rectangular waveguide and a height less than the second rectangular waveguide. The waveguide section matches the cross section of the first rectangular waveguide to the cross section of the second rectangular waveguide.

Abstract: A mode filter apparatus for preventing unwanted modes in a multi-moded structure utilizing a radial plurality of resonant slots on the bottom of the filter cavity. The top of the filter cavity includes a variable height center section to provide mode selectivity in cooperation with the resonant slots.

Abstract: A current branching circuit for an amplifier for first and second input terminals and a current supply feed terminal comprising a pair of magnetically coupled windings with one of the windings connected between the center conductor of a coaxial feed line and one of the input terminals and the other windings connected between the other input terminals to a capacitor which has its other side connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial line and wherein the pair of leads connecting the pair of windings to the pair of input terminals cross one another. The outer conductor of the coaxial line is connected to the current supply feed terminal through a second capacitor.

Abstract: An amplifier using a plurality of solid state diodes as the active elements is shown to comprise a plurality of amplifier channels fed, through a first radial line, by signals to be amplified and connected, through a second radial line, to a load.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bias circuit of an amplifier for a microwave circuit, which amplifier is comprised of a pair of amplifier modules and at least one directional quadrature coupler having four ports including an isolation port, wherein the bias circuit is connected to the isolation port of the directional quadrature coupler.

Abstract: Coaxial, one-quarter wavelength resonant primary and secondary resonators are employed in conjunction with a tetrode tube to provide, for example, 55 Kw (kilowatts) of output power for VHF, high-band television broadcasting. Coupling between the two resonators is accomplished by connecting an inductance between the center conductors of the resonators. The effective inductance of this connection is varied (and thus the coupling of the resonator circuits is also varied) by the addition of a variable capacitor in series with the inductive connection.

Abstract: A modular microwave power combiner having a plurality of identical microwave diode amplifier circuits grouped in sets within the body of a modular unit which are electrically coupled in parallel to a central cavity sized to be resonant at a single frequency to minimize mismoding thereby enhancing combiner efficiency. A number of waveguides are provided for coupling of the microwave diode in each amplifier circuit to the resonant cavity, and the waveguides are situated on one side of a PC board at the top of each modular unit. Since each of the modular units is essentially identical in physical size and shape, the overall power output of the power combiner can be increased by merely adding additional modular units. The individual modular units are sized to fit top-to-bottom such that the respective resonant cavities are spaced apart by one-half wavelength (.lambda./2) for the parallel electrical coupling of all of the resonating cavities.

Abstract: A remotely powered intermediate amplifier for communications transmission incorporates two sectional amplifiers and a filter circuit interconnecting the output of the first sectional amplifier with the input of the second sectional amplifier.

Abstract: A wideband synchronously pumped parametric amplifier is described that features minimum time delay along with wide bandwidth, a low noise figure and cost for advantageous use in receivers designed to receive television signals from a satellite through a relatively small antenna, the amplifier obtaining maximum bandwidth by the use of two diodes in parallel and two double-tuned circuits, where the diode capacities are large enough to swamp parasitic and coupling capacitances.

Abstract: A parametric amplifier having a beam lead dual Schottky barrier diode fabricated on a single semiconductor chip across a waveguide cavity. Two anode leads are bonded to the adjacent waveguide walls for coupling to a pump source; and a common cathode lead is bonded to a signal circuit. Parasitic reactances are reduced by minimizing stray capacitance and beam lead series inductance.

Abstract: A first group of electrically conductive sheets are mounted within a first rectangular waveguide that is connected to a signal power source. A second group of electrically conductive sheets are mounted within a second rectangular waveguide that is connected to a load. The sheets divide corresponding parts of the first and second waveguides into first and second pluralities of smaller waveguides, respectively. Each one of the first smaller waveguides is coupled to an associated one of a plurality of amplifiers at the input thereof. Each one of the second smaller waveguides is coupled to an associated one of the amplifiers at the output thereof. The first smaller waveguides cause power from the signal source to be divided into parts that are amplified by the amplifiers. The second smaller waveguides couple energy from the amplifiers to the load via the second waveguide whereby the amplified power is combined and provided to the load.

Abstract: A microwave signal generator having improved noise spectral characteristics employs a plurality of amplifier-frequency multiplier circuits in combination with a very stable VHF oscillator. Instead of lumping the amplification and frequency multiplication together, each in a single stage, a plurality of amplifiers and multipliers are interleaved, as described herein, resulting in reduced FM noise generation.

Abstract: An attenuation equalizer, having a constant resistance is comprised of a distributed constant line having a given impedance and electrical length connected to both the input and output terminals of the equalizer, and an additional constant line having a given impedance and electrical length connected to the input and output terminals through resistors of a given resistance.

Abstract: An intermediate amplifier arrangement for communication lines in which the intermediate amplifier is divided into at least two partial amplifiers each having a capacitance between the outer conductor of the coaxial transmission line and the amplifier and connected to feed supply voltages such that the amplifiers are uncoupled from each other as to high frequency and utilizing low inductance and low resonance capacitors so as to obtain very low power consumption and large cyclical attenuation.

Abstract: An array of field emission cathodes is formed by a plurality of pointed cold cathode elements arranged in rows and columns along microwave transmission means such as a waveguide or transmission line, into which low power microwave energy to be amplified is fed. Arranged opposite the cathode array in spaced relationship therewith is an anode structure. Running along the anode structure is a second microwave transmission means for receiving and coupling out the amplified input energy. Positioned between the anode and the cathode are a plurality of grid members for controlling the electron flow between the cathodes and the anode.

Abstract: A substantially constant impedance is developed across the input terminals of a linear amplifier used in a very high frequency (VHF) low band television transmitter. The input circuit consists of lumped components arranged in a capacitively coupled double tuned configuration. A relatively long coaxial transmission line system is used to connect the input circuit to the terminals of the tube. The coaxial line system and input circuit tunes across the entire VHF low band of 54 to 88 MHz. An input voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) equal to or less than 1.2:1 is achieved over each six MHz channel.

Abstract: A millimeter wave amplifier having broadband characteristics in which a G diode or other two terminal negative resistance device having an integral heat sink is center mounted in a reduced height waveguide. The heat sink is attached to a mechanism for selectively adjusting its penetration into the waveguide cavity. The introduction of the heat sink into the waveguide cavity creates a discontinuity to the propagation of energy which causes localized waveguide modes other than the dominant mode to exist. The adjustable position of the heat sink allows the reactance due to the introduction of these modes to be variable, proper adjustment resulting in the cancellation of the parasitic reactances inherent in the packaged negative resistance device.

Abstract: A photoparamp array multiplexer to provide photoparametric amplification in n array of photodiode diodes connected in parallel which essentially eliminates the need for an array of preamplifiers.

Abstract: An output coaxial cavity for high power electron tubes is described in which the output coupler is directly connected to an intermediate coaxial conductor of the coaxial cavity at a distance from the tube that is greater than one-quarter wavelength and less than one-half wavelength over the tuning range of the cavity. The intermediate coaxial conductor is spaced between and concentric with an inner conductor and an outer conductor of the coaxial cavity. A first shorting stub is positioned between the inner conductor and the intermediate conductor and a second shorting stub is coupled between the intermediate conductor and the outer conductor. The positions of the shorting stubs are arranged to resonate the cavity at the desired tuning frequency.

Abstract: A microwave oscillator using a transit-time transistor structure with a space charge zone, is provided. The negative resistance introduced by the transit-time in the space charge zone is utilized in a circuit connected with emitter and collector, the base being direct-biased and not passing the high frequency. To avoid a short-circuiting by the parasitic base-collector capacitance, a transmission line is connected in parallel across the base and collector terminals. The input impedance of this line is adjusted by short-circuiting this line at a distance close to a quarter of wavelength, thus creating an input inductance able to compensate the effect of the base-collector capacitance.

Abstract: Disclosed is an active radial-to-coaxial transmission line wherein an annular configured semiconductor device, such as an IMPATT diode, is embedded in a chosen dielectric material which is in turn positioned between two conductive members forming a radial transmission line. Advantageously, the lower conductive member of the transmission line also serves as a heat sink for the diode, and the upper conductive member of the radial transmission line may be formed as a highly conductive coating which makes good ohmic contact to the diode, thereby minimizing power losses at this contact. The radial transmission line transforms the relatively low impedance of the diode to a substantially higher value at the outer periphery thereof where contact to a coaxial transmission line may be achieved with good impedance matching, thereby maximizing power transfer between the radial and coaxial transmission lines.

Abstract: A microwave-integrated-circuit amplifier provides a broadband response in e region of 1-10 GHz. The amplifier includes: a microstrip which provides distributed circuit values for tuning; first and second microwave FETs included in the microstrip and tuned to the upper and lower cutoffs of the bandwidth, respectively; and a non-reciprocal microwave isolator which passes a signal in only one direction and is connected between the first and second microwave FETs.

Abstract: A dielectric waveguide oscillator includes a microwave producing diode, a strip resonator, and a dielectric waveguide butted against one end of the strip resonator.

Abstract: A frequency tunable microwave apparatus including a semiconductor TRAPATT diode generating a microwave signal at its fundamental, second and third harmonic frequencies. Energy is extracted at the second harmonic frequency and a certain impedance loading is provided at the fundamental frequency and third harmonic by a variable impedance hybrid idler circuit. The hybrid idler circuit comprises a distributed transmission line serially connected to a lumped variable capacitor. Variations in the capacitance of the variable capacitor tune the fundamental frequency without substantially varying the impedance loading conditions of the diode allowing energy to be extracted at the second harmonic frequency throughout the tunable frequency range.

Abstract: A device which provides for uniform driving of a series of microwave trantors connected in parallel in a transistor pellet by utilizing a series of parallel microwave transmission lines of differing widths said widths being selected so as to compensate for the unequal effect of mutual inductance among the bond wires connecting said microwave transmission lines to the transistor pellet.

Abstract: An asymmetrical anode arrangement is disclosed for the final stage of a short-wave transmitter of the can type. A transmitting tube is disposed coaxially within a cylindrical housing. A first hollow cylindrical conductor having an opening at the top is mounted to surround the tube and be coaxial therewith. A second thinner cylindrical conductor is disposed outside and adjacent to the first conductor and parallel to the tube axis. A first slide, having openings for the first and second conductors, is mounted within the housing for connecting the housing wall to the first and second conductors. A second slide connects the second conductor to a collector mounted within the housing. Anode voltage is supplied by way of a conductor disposed within the second conductor. A vapor exhaust duct may be coupled to the tube through appropriate concentric openings in the housing, first slide and first conductor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a millimeter wave waveguide structure adapted for operation with negative resistance devices, such as solid state avalanche breakdown diodes, at frequencies up to about 170 GHz or higher. A central portion of the structure is formed by a cylindrical metallic impedance transformer and bias pin which has a major face thereof substantially parallel to a common lower waveguide wall of the structure. A negative resistance device is DC coupled between this common waveguide wall and one edge of the impedance transformer, so that the impedance transformer also provides the required DC bias to the negative resistance device. Other portions of the waveguide structure include a first upper waveguide wall, immediately adjacent one side of the impedance transformer, and this wall, together with the common lower waveguide wall, forms a tuning cavity into which a sliding tuning short is positioned.

Abstract: A lightweight, tunable, wideband output circuit for a klystron amplifier loys a first cavity resonator which is excited by the modulated electron beam and a filter cavity resonator coupled thereto which is provided with a coaxial probe that both capacitatively tunes this resonator and serves as a means for extracting the output signal therefrom in a mode-free manner.

Abstract: Two embodiments are disclosed of a system for the fast tuning of high power amplifier circuits. In one embodiment a strip line resonating circuit is selectively tuned by the actuation of selected ones of a plurality of PIN diodes which interconnect a relatively high impedance of strip line circuit with a strip line circuit having a lower characteristic impedance. In the second embodiment a coaxial cavity is terminated in an output transmission line. The cavity and the output transmission line are separated by an array of shorting stubs, each of which is selectively energizable by a suitably located PIN diode.

Abstract: Disclosed is microwave oscillator or amplifier circuitry which is tunable over a wide bandwidth and which includes an improved variable loading on a negative resistance semiconductor diode, such as an IMPATT diode. This loading is provided in mutually perpendicular directions closely adjacent the diode. In one direction, a DC bias connection is mounted together with an adjustable coaxial filter thereon, and this filter serves as a series tuning element for the diode. A movable short is mounted for adjustment in a direction perpendicular to that of the above coaxial filter and provides parallel tuning for the diode. These series and parallel tuning elements are operative to match the real and imaginary components of the diode impedance to the real and imaginary components of the load impedance, respectively, at a particular operating frequency, thereby maximizing the power transfer and the DC to RF conversion efficiency of the circuitry.