Abstract: An oscillator device for generating an oscillator signal, includes a heater arrangement, a first switching element, a temperature sensor, signal process means, and voltage controlled oscillator; an output of the temperature sensor being connected to an input of the signal processing means, and an output of the signal processing means being connected to an input of the voltage controlled oscillator. The first switching element is arranged for receiving the oscillator signal from the voltage controlled oscillator and for providing a heater drive signal to either a first heater element or a second heater element of the heater arrangement based on the oscillator signal. The signal processing means comprise a synchronous demodulator.

Abstract: A self-calibrating temperature compensated oscillator includes a monolithic structure having a first resonator, a second resonator, and a heating element to heat the first and second resonators. The temperature coefficient of the second resonator is substantially greater than the temperature coefficient of the first resonator. A first oscillator circuit operates with the first resonator and outputs a first oscillator output signal having a first oscillating frequency. A second oscillator circuit operates with the second resonator and outputs a second oscillator output signal having a second oscillating frequency. A temperature determining circuit determines the temperature of the first resonator using the second oscillating frequency. A temperature compensator provides a control signal to the first oscillator in response to the determined temperature to adjust the first oscillating frequency and maintain it at a desired operating frequency.

Abstract: A self-refresh timer circuit for generating a timer period for controlling self-refresh operation of a semiconductor memory device comprising: a temperature-dependent voltage source for outputting a voltage having a temperature dependency based on a diode characteristic; a control current generating circuit for applying an output voltage of the temperature-dependent voltage source to a temperature detecting device having a diode characteristic and for generating a control current having a magnitude in proportion to a current flowing through the temperature detecting device; and a timer period generating circuit for generating a timer period in inverse proportion to the magnitude of the control current.

Abstract: An ovenized oscillator package including a ball grid array substrate seated on a circuit board, a heater and a temperature sensor mounted on the ball grid array substrate, and a crystal package mounted to the ball grid array substrate and overlying at least the heater. A layer of thermally conductive epoxy or adhesive material couples the heater to the crystal package. Stabilizer posts, which are made of an insulative adhesive or epoxy material, are formed between the ball grid array substrate and the circuit board for stabilizing and relieving the stress on the ball grid array substrate. A lid is seated on the circuit board and covers and defines an oven for the ball grid array substrate.

Abstract: Crystal oscillator control and calibration is disclosed. Temperature and frequency control circuits included on a printed circuit board (PCB) comprising a crystal oscillator are used to determine, for each of a plurality of set points in a range of sensed internal temperatures sensed by an internal temperature sensing circuit or device located adjacent to the oscillator in a thermally insulated region of the PCB, a corresponding compensation required to be applied to maintain a desired oscillator output frequency. The PCB is configured to use at least the determined compensation values and a sensed internal temperature to determine during operation of the PCB a compensation, if any, to be applied to maintain the desired oscillator output frequency.

Abstract: A lead wire led-out type crystal oscillator of constant temperature type for high stability is disclosed, which includes a heat supply body that supplies heat to a crystal resonator from which a plurality of lead wires are led out, to maintain the temperature constant. The heat supply body includes a heat conducting plate which has through-holes for the lead wires and is mounted on the circuit board, and which faces, and is directly thermally joined to, the crystal resonator and a chip resistor for heating which is mounted on the circuit board adjacent to the heat conducting plate, and is thermally joined to the heat conducting plate.

Abstract: A consumption current balance circuit reduces the layout area and suppresses the deterioration of accuracy of a delay time caused by a temperature variation due to a power variation of a delay circuit itself or caused by a load variation of a power supply. The consumption current balance circuit includes a delay circuit for giving a delay time to a timing pulse signal, a compensation circuit for interpolating the consumption current of the delay circuit, a ring oscillator provided in the same power supply area as the delay circuit; an output period counter for measuring the output period of the ring oscillator; and a heater circuit current amount adjusting circuit for adjusting the current amount of the heater circuit to minimize the difference in the output period between the stand-by state and the active state of the ring oscillator.

Abstract: A lead wire led-out type crystal oscillator of constant temperature type for high stability is disclosed, which includes a heat supply body that supplies heat to a crystal resonator from which a plurality of lead wires are led out, to maintain the temperature constant. The heat supply body includes a heat conducting plate which has through-holes for the lead wires and is mounted on the circuit board, and which faces, and is directly thermally joined to, the crystal resonator and a chip resistor for heating which is mounted on the circuit board adjacent to the heat conducting plate, and is thermally joined to the heat conducting plate.

Abstract: Conventional oven controlled crystal oscillators have a problem that heat generated by a heat generator consisting of resistors and a transistor is not transmitted uniformly over a substrate and hence a temperature difference is produced between a temperature sensor and a crystal resonator, so that reliable temperature control cannot be performed, thereby degrading the frequency-temperature characteristics. The present invention is to provide an oven controlled crystal oscillator capable of uniformly transmitting heat from the heat generator to improve the frequency-temperature characteristics. The oven controlled crystal oscillator includes a high thermal conductivity plate having high thermal conductivity and provided on one side of a substrate, where the crystal resonator is provided, in such a manner to contact the resistors, the transistor, the crystal resonator, and the temperature sensor.

Abstract: A method includes detecting a change in temperature in an integrated circuit that is coupled to a differential communication link, and responding to the detected change in temperature by initiating a retraining process for the differential communication link.

Abstract: A self-calibrating integrated circuit includes a processor having at least one analog function used with the processor; one or more sensors adapted to sense one or more environmental parameters of the at least one analog function; and a solid state memory being configured to store the one or more environmental parameters of the at least one analog function.

Abstract: A downhole crystal-based clock that is substantially insensitive to the factors that cause frequency deviation. The clock may be maintained at a predetermined temperature using a temperature sensing device and a heating device, where the predetermined temperature corresponds to the temperature at which the crystal experiences only slight frequency deviation as a function of temperature. A microprocessor may monitor the clock and compensate for long-term aging effects of the crystal according to a predetermined algorithm. The predetermined algorithm may represent long-term aging effects of the crystal which were derived by comparing the crystal clock to a more accurate clock (e.g., an atomic clock) prior to placing the clock downhole. In this manner, the crystal-based clock may be substantially free from the factors that cause frequency, and therefore time variations.

Abstract: A self-calibrating integrated circuit includes a processor having at least one analog function used with the processor; one or more sensors adapted to sense one or more environmental parameters of the at least one analog function; and a solid state memory being configured to store the one or more environmental parameters of the at least one analog function.

Abstract: A temperature compensating circuit is provided in a radio unit, an ambient temperature is detected by a temperature sensor of the temperature compensating circuit, the detected temperature value is supplied to a correction address storage section as an address after it is converted to a digital value, and thus a correction address corresponding to a correct temperature value obtained by correcting the detected temperature value is read out. Then, the correction address is supplied to a frequency correction data storage section to read out frequency correction data corresponding to the corrected temperature value, and the frequency correction data is converted to an analog control voltage by a D/A converter and then supplied to a variable capacitance element of a reference oscillator, thereby making it possible to correct the reference oscillation frequency according to the temperature.

Abstract: A PLL (Phase-Locked Loop)-controlled oscillator has a temperature-compensated crystal oscillator having a quartz crystal unit, an oscillating circuit connected to the crystal unit, and a temperature compensating mechanism for generating a temperature compensating voltage for compensating for frequency vs. temperature characteristics of the crystal unit, and a voltage-controlled oscillator having an LC oscillating circuit, for being controlled by a PLL using the temperature-compensated crystal oscillator as a reference signal source. The temperature-compensated crystal oscillator has circuit components except for the crystal unit, the circuit components and the voltage-controlled oscillator being integrated in a one-chip IC. The one-chip IC and the crystal unit are integrally combined with each other in the PLL-controlled oscillator.

Abstract: A temperature compensated crystal oscillator has first and second layered structures, an IC chip, a crystal vibrating chip, a resin mold portion and a metal cover. Each of the first and second layered structures has a cavity formed therein. The cavity formed in the second layered structure does not overlap with the cavity of the first layered structure. The IC chip is inserted into the cavity of the first layered structure. The crystal vibrating chip is inserted into the cavity of the second layered structure. The resin mold portion is formed by charging resin into the cavity of the first layered structure. The metal cover is arranged on the upper surface of the second layered structure for covering an opening of the cavity of the second layered structure.

Abstract: A clock system is disclosed which includes a dual mode oscillator crystal having a first output having a frequency related to a temperature of the oscillator crystal and a second output having a frequency substantially stable with respect to temperature. The clock includes a temperature maintenance device. The temperature maintenance device and the oscillator crystal are disposed in a thermally insulated chamber. The clock includes a processor operatively coupled to the temperature maintenance device and the oscillator crystal. The processor is adapted to operate the temperature maintenance device so as to maintain a temperature of the chamber within a predetermined range. The processor is adapted to calculate a substantially constant frequency clock signal from the second output and a ratio of the frequency of the first output with respect to the frequency of the second output.

Abstract: There are disposed on a printed substrate a crystal resonator as a piezoelectric resonator, an oscillation circuit, a plurality of surface mount heaters and a temperature controlling circuit for controlling a heating temperature of the heaters. A case of the piezoelectric resonator and a lead terminal of the piezoelectric resonator are heated respectively at the same time by individually separate heaters for the purpose of heating the piezoelectric resonator, the oscillation circuit and the temperature controlling circuit at the same time. Accordingly, it is possible to provide a piezo-oscillator excellent in low power consumption and compactness.

Abstract: A compact temperature controlled crystal oscillator employs a high conductivity heat spreader bonded to one side of a printed circuit board into the crystal. Heaters are arranged at edges of the circuit board and a temperature sensor for the temperature regulation circuitry is centered in the circuit board with components of high thermal sensitivity being placed in zones closer to the temperature sensor. An operating temperature of the heat spreader is selected by measuring multiple operating temperatures at different ambient temperatures and picking an operating temperature that causes a least absolute frequency deviation.

Abstract: A substantially sealed frequency source (10) including a crystal oscillator (14) and a programmable IC (22) thermally and electrically coupled on a substrate (12). The IC (22) is accessed through an interface (26) with programming signals (42) so as to provide an analog temperature control signal (34) and a crystal oscillator frequency adjustment signal (36). The substrate (12) maintains a substantially constant temperature at a turning point (82) on a frequency-temperature response curve (80) of the crystal (64). The IC (22) allows programming of the source (10) after sealing to compensate for shifts in the crystal frequency-temperature response (80) due to sealing. The IC (22) provides electrical correction of the substrate temperature setpoint and the crystal oscillator frequency without mechanically or thermally disturbing the internal components of the source (10).

Abstract: The present invention provides for methods of increasing the frequency vs. temperature ("f vs. T") stability of Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillators to levels which are superior to atomic frequency standards and 100 to 10,000 times higher than that currently available from the best crystal oscillators. This method encompasses the steps of making an SC-cut quartz resonator with upper and lower turnover temperatures at or near the resonator's inflection temperature, inserting the resonator into a high-stability oscillator circuit, placing the circuit into a high-stability, high thermal gain oven and adjusting the oven temperature to a set-point at or near one of the resonator's turnover temperatures.

Abstract: In an oscillator circuit (VCOS) having at least one heating element (HE) that keeps the temperature constant, the clock signals (ts) that are formed are conducted via an output connection (AV) to an output (TA) of the oscillator circuit (VCOS). An impedance evaluation unit (WAE) is inserted into this output connection (AV) and detects changes in an impedance or of a resistor (R4, R5) connected to the output (TA) and the heating element (HE) is activated or deactivated in response to changes in the impedance.

Abstract: An ultra low noise oscillator circuit including a crystal and having two outputs. At the two outputs, the signal is correlated and the noise outside of the crystal bandwidth is decorrelated. Summing the two outputs in a hybrid circuit significantly reduces oscillator phase noise by almost 3 dB. In addition, these outputs can be used to perform a single oscillator noise test on the oscillator or crystal.

Abstract: A device utilizing a quartz crystal resonator with an orientation substantially equal to 21.93.degree./34.10.degree.. The crystal resonator is capable of vibrating simultaneously in two thickness modes, namely the B-mode and the C-mode. Because of the nature of the difference between the B- and C-modes, the B-mode may be used as an indication of the resonator temperature in order to compensate the C-mode frequency signal. A digital technique for temperature compensation by using the crystal itself as a sensor and a feedback loop varies the heater on the surface of the crystal. The temperature sensor compensation system contains a quartz resonator with a heater affixed thereon. The resonator is arranged as part of the oscillator to generate both B-mode and C-mode frequency signals. The C-mode signal is used as a time standard or frequency reference. Initially, the frequency of the B-mode is counted. The count is started at the same time the frequency count of the C-mode is initiated.

Abstract: A quartz crystal resonator is situated in an enclosure whose interior is substantially a vacuum. A heating element is attached to the crystal surface. A sensor is attached to the crystal enclosure, and may be sandwiched between the crystal enclosure and the circuit board to which the crystal enclosure is attached. A control system converts the sensed temperature into a series of variable width pulses applied to the resonator heating element. Thus, the sensor, control unit and heating element comprise a temperature feedback control system which allows the crystal to operate at or very near its desired temperature. Further, the crystal enclosure may be substantially surrounded by an external material insulator. The external material insulator maximizes thermal resistance between the sensor and the environment in comparison to the thermal resistance between the crystal and the sensor.

Abstract: An oscillator is provided, in particular a surface acoustic wave oscillator, frequency controlled by controlling its temperature, which oscillator comprises a SAW resonator frequency controlled by an integral loop including a heating means coupled thermally to the resonator and by two electric respectively proportional and semi-integral loops.

Abstract: A method of maintaining the operational characteristics of an IMPATT diode is shown to consist of the steps of sensing the peak diode voltage and using such voltage to control the current through the IMPATT diode so that the peak diode voltage is kept constant.

Abstract: A meter for sheet conductance measurements does not touch the conductive surface of a sample. A probe having a resonant tank coil is positioned against a parallel supporting surface of the sample, which may be flat or curved and of unrestricted area. An oscillator incorporating the tank coil is controlled to stabilize oscillator amplitude in response to eddy current loading by the sample. An electrostatic shield in a finger configuration prevents capacitive coupling between the tank coil and the sample without hindering magnetic coupling. A readout of sheet conductance is driven by the oscillator control. Direct current can be coupled to the tank coil for temperature control preventing undesired resistance changes in the tank coil. The oscillator can be controlled by an optically coupled variable gain element. Measurements can be made with the tank coil up to at least 0.75 inch from the conductive surface of the sample.

Abstract: An assembly for a quartz crystal oscillator housed within a can is set forth in which the oven assembly for the crystal is partially formed with metallized circuit boards to which the components for the electrical circuits for controlling the crystal oscillator are connected. A control transistor is directly mounted to one wall of the oven to further provide the major source of heat for the oven while reducing consumption of power.

Abstract: The high frequency oscillator includes a piezo-electric crystal (1) which is connected to at least two exciter electrodes (3, 4) and means which make it possible to apply on the one hand to the electrodes (3, 4) electric excitation power for the crystal according to a useful vibratory mode which is selected to determine a frequency reference, and on the other hand additional electric power for exciting the crystal according to an overtone vibratory mode which is distinct from the useful vibrational mode. Means (46, 47) are also provided to regulate the electric excitation power of the crystal according to the useful vibratory mode in a predetermined and constant proportion in relation to the additional electric power. The invention makes it possible to compensate, using the isochronism deficiency stemming from the additional vibration on the useful mode, the indirect amplitude-frequency effect stemming from the additional vibration, and vice versa.

Abstract: Between insulative layers (31-37, 41-44), a multilayer substrate comprises at least one dielectric layer (26-29). It is possible to form capacitors (58), resistors (46), and wiring conductors (61, 62) in the substrate. The at least one dielectric layer should be of at least one dielectric composition which has a perovskite structure. Preferably, each insulative layer is of an insulating material which consists essentially of aluminum oxide and lead borosilicate glass. The substrate is convenient in manufacturing a crystal oscillator by mounting a crystal vibrator (71) and a transistor (72) on the principal surface(s). Examples of the dielectric composition are:Pb[(Fe.sub.2/3.W.sub.1/3).sub.0.33 (Fe.sub.1/2.Nb.sub.1/2).sub.0.67 ]O.sub.3,Pb[(Mn.sub.1/3.Nb.sub.2/3).sub.0.01 (Mg.sub.1/2.W.sub.1/2).sub.0.30 (Ni.sub.1/3.Nb.sub.2/3).sub.0.49 Ti.sub.0.20 ]O.sub.3,andPb[(Mg.sub.1/2.W.sub.1/2).sub.0.66 Ti.sub.0.34 ]O.sub.3.

Abstract: In an R.F. oscillator arrangement comprising a diode (D), such as a TRAPATT diode, operable to produce pulses of R.F. energy when d.c. pulses (P) above a critical level (I.sub.k) are applied to the diode (D), the frequency of oscillation is markedly dependent on the temperature of the diode (D). To reduce variations of the frequency over a wide operating range of ambient temperatures a direct current (I.sub.a) below the critical level (I.sub.k) is passed through the diode (D) to heat it, the heating current (I.sub.a) being controlled by measuring the temperature of a heat-sink (N) on which the diode (D) is mounted and which is substantially at ambient temperature, or by measuring the oscillating frequency.

Abstract: To compensate for frequency variation in the quartz oscillator 4, 6 due to temperature variation, a second quartz oscillator 12, 14 forming a thermal sensor is employed. The beat frequency fB (circuit 16) which is counted in the counter 26 for a period of time T.sub.1 gives a measurement corresponding to temperature. The number which is thus counted is raised to its square and by means of the comparator 30 taken away from the pulses counted by the divider 8 with a periodicity T.sub.T. The system may be used to provide temperature compensation for a time keeping quartz time base.

Abstract: A self-oscillating inverter circuit wherein the inversion frequency can be controlled by way of providing a controllable flow of electrical power to a resistor heating means that is thermally coupled to a saturable magnetic ferrite transformer used in the inverter's positive feedback loop. By way of its saturation characteristics, the saturable transformer determines the inversion frequency. These saturation characteristics are substantially influenced by temperature; which therefore provides the basis for controlling the frequency by controlling the flow of electrical power to the resistor heating means.

Abstract: A highly stable voltage variable crystal controlled oscillator adapted for stand-alone use or for use with an atomic clock for further stabilizing the oscillator. A novel Colpitts crystal oscillator configuration is employed and utilizes an FET amplifier and bipolar emitter follower configured for power gain without phase shift in the feedback circuit. The oscillator output signal is derived through the crystal which then acts as its own low pass filter to improve the purity of the output signal. A novel buffer/amplifier circuit including a grounded gate FET amplifier and coupling transformer assure frequency stability despite wide ranging load impedance variations. A resilient thermal foam material is used to enclose the temperature and shock sensitive components of the oscillator to provide further frequency stability and rugged construction.

Abstract: In an electronic timepiece powered by a lithium battery, a voltage control system is provided whereby a supply voltage of approximately one half of the battery voltage is supplied to certain portions of the timepiece circuit under normal operating conditions, but whereby cessation of operation by the timebase oscillator circuit of the timepiece due to some abnormal state such as excessively low ambient operating temperature is automatically detected and a changeover is made to supply of the full battery voltage to all of the timepiece circuitry. Upon recovery of operation of the timebase oscillator circuit, changeover to the low voltage supply state is performed.

Abstract: The invention is a novel noise reference generator for use in amplitude comparison radiometric systems for the purpose of rapid precision control of the over-all gain of the radiometer receiver. The reference generator operates by cyclic modulation of the temperature of a unique planar thin film microresistor which may be disposed in a constant temperature environment. A strip transmission circuit provides a common path for the microresistor heater currrent and for the generated noise signals, along with means for separating these currents.

Abstract: A dynamic temperature compensating circuit is disclosed for driving the bs of a first and a second transistor connected in the common-emitter configuration, having collector-emitter paths of the two transistors connected together in a current loop. The circuit employs diodes arranged in parallel in the base-emitter drive circuit of each transistor, to clamp the transistors on or off at appropriate times. The diodes and transistors are composed of the same type of semi-conductor material so that their respective forward bias potentials maintain equal magnitudes over a range of temperatures. The circuit has particular application in D.C.-A.C. and D.C.--D.C. converters.