Abstract: A technique for converting electromagnetic pulses to higher power amplitude and shorter duration, in binary multiples, splits an input pulse into two channels, and subjects the pulses in the two channels to a number of binary pulse compression operations. Each pulse compression operation entails combining the pulses in both input channels and selectively steering the combined power to one output channel during the leading half of the pulses and to the other output channel during the trailing half of the pulses, and then delaying the pulse in the first output channel by an amount equal to half the initial pulse duration. Apparatus for carrying out each of the binary multiplication operation preferably includes a four-port coupler (such as a 3 dB hybrid), which operates on power inputs at a pair of input ports by directing the combined power to either of a pair of output ports, depending on the relative phase of the inputs.

Abstract: The present invention is a device for generating high power microwave pulses using a nonlinear dispersive transmission line connected by a switch means to a source cable means and a high voltage source. The closing of the switch means sends an electrical pulse propagating from the source cable means through the transmission line. The pulse decomposes into a short, high power pulse of microwaves which consists of an array of solitons. The output of the line may be coupled into an antenna, wave guide or other load.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming shaped voltage pulses uses passive reflection from a transmission line with nonuniform impedance. The impedance of the reflecting line varies with length in accordance with the desired pulse shape. A high voltage input pulse is transmitted to the reflecting line. A reflected pulse is produced having the desired shape and is transmitted by pulse removal means to a load. Light activated photoconductive switches made of silicon can be utilized. The pulse shaper can be used to drive a Pockels cell to produce shaped optical pulses.

Abstract: A transmission system for transmitting data signals in a modulation band comprising a transversal smearing filter at the transmitter end and a transversal desmearing filter at the receiver end. In order to obtain an optimum smearing efficiency, the sequence of real individual coefficients of the multiplying factors of the transversal desmearing filter satisfy the requirement that for a given upper limit for the intersymbol interference produced by the cascade arrangement formed by the smearing filter, and the desmearing filter a substantially maximum value is derived for a merit factor indicating by what factor the maximum value of a disturbance is decreased by including a smearing filter and a desmearing filter in the transmission system.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for high speed signal sampling and recording utilizing mutual repulsion field-induced splitting of charge carriers in a charge transfer channel.

Abstract: A pulse modulator including a pulse forming network comprising a multiple section ladder network of series inductors and shunt capacitors. The series inductors are flat, spiral inductors etched on microstrip. The pulse forming network is charged negatively through an IMPATT diode, and is switched to ground by a set of p-channel VMOS power FETs. By switching off the FET switches before the pulse forming network is completely dicharged, the fall time of the current pulse is reduced. The shape of the current pulse can be adjusted by varying the impedance of the section or sections of the pulse forming network whose position in the network corresponds to the position in the current pulse which it is desired to change. The variation in impedance is realized by bringing metallic slugs, mounted in the housing of the pulse forming network, into proximity with the flat, spiral inductors.

Abstract: There is shown and described a relatively simple electronic circuit using few discrete components which is used to replace the filter and delay line differentiator in existing circuits. The new circuit provides a simultaneous output of even and odd signals which have the same transfer function except for the derivative operation. The circuit is especially useful in read and write channels of a disk drive apparatus.

Abstract: A method is provided which minimizes the risetime of a pulse modulated microwave signal propagated through a frequency multiplier circuit which has an input blocking capacitor. The circuit is conditioned by injecting a pulse which charges the blocking capacitor to its steady state value. When a subsequent pulse modulated microwave signal is sent through the frequency multiplier circuit, there is no delay in risetime associated with charging the blocking capacitor of the frequency multiplier circuit.

Abstract: A source of pulse waves is coupled to a first transmission line and a second transmission line, the inputs of each line being parallely coupled. The input of the first line is in series with its characteristic impedance. The outputs of each line are series coupled for summation of the output voltage of each line. The first line develops a voltage having a opposite polarity of the voltage of the applied signals. Summation of the output voltages of the two lines effects the required cancellation for pulse waves having a pulse width larger than the difference between the time delay of each line. A device for utilizing the pulses is connected between one output of the first transmission delay line the grounded output of the second transmission line.

Abstract: Transient data recorder systems including a high speed charge coupled device and a device exerciser, including a high speed sampler and driver circuitry.

Abstract: A saturable inductor switch for compressing the width and sharpening the rise time of high voltage pulses from a relatively slow rise time, high voltage generator to an electric discharge gas laser (EDGL). The switch also provides a capability for efficient energy transfer from a high impedance primary source to an intermediate low impedance laser discharge network. More specifically, a saturable inductor switch is positioned with respect to a capacitive storage device, such as a coaxial cable, so that when a charge build-up in the storage device reaches a predetermined level, saturation of the switch inductor releases or switches energy stored in the capacitive storage device to the EDGL. Also disclosed are cascaded saturable inductor switches for providing output pulses having rise times of less than ten nanoseconds as required for efficient excitation of EDGL's, the pulse rise time being determined by the thickness of a high permeability material forming the saturable inductor switch.

Abstract: High power, phase coherent pulses are generated by superconducting appara which includes a superconducting cavity resonator that is pumped by a low power microwave source while being isolated from a load. Switching of the cavity to an emitting mode is accomplished in 5 to 10 nanoseconds by firing a gas discharge tube that acts to couple the activity to the load while decoupling it from the pumping source.

Abstract: The peak output of a commutating capacitor triplet device (201) which contains three capacitors (10, 11, 12) connected in pairs across an input signal to provide six samples of each signal cycle, is obtained to provide envelope detection. To reduce output ripple by increasing the number of samplings of each cycle without increasing the number of capacitors, a portion of the output is obtained at the junction (13) of the capacitors, the amplitudes of the output and portion thereof are weighted with respect to each other by resistors (204, 205) and combined. In one embodiment, the positive and negative parts of the combined signal are applied to a full wave rectifier (207, 208, 214). In another embodiment, the positive and negative parts of the portion are inversely combined (306, 307, 308) prior to the portion being combined with the output of the triplet device.

Abstract: The present video bandpass filter passes a sinusoidal video output in response to a square pulse input. The video band-pass filter rejects d.c. and low frequency signal components as well as noise and spurious signals generated at the transmitting source. The video bandpass filter is comprised of an M-derived filter, a series-tuned notch filter, and a final d.c. blocking series-tuned filter which, together, pass the desired video with minimal distortion.

Abstract: A technique for generating high-voltage, wide dynamic range, shaped electrical pulses in the nanosecond range. Two transmission lines are coupled together by resistive elements distributed along the length of the lines. The conductance of each coupling resistive element as a function of its position along the line is selected to produce the desired pulse shape in the output line when an easily produced pulse, such as a step function pulse, is applied to the input line.

Abstract: A filter network for separating a transmitted communication frequency into discrete channels. A separator, exemplified by a triplexer, includes a pluggable mid-range high Q bandpass filter and a diplexer of low Q bandpass filters. Circulators receive signals reflected from the high Q filter and pass them to the low Q filters. A combiner circuit takes the attenuated signal from the low Q filters and sends it through a circulator to a high Q plug in filter where the signal passes through a circulator where it is combined with the signal from the high Q filter of the separator as output.

Abstract: A light activated solid state microwave generator capable of providing radio frequency pulse bursts includes a plurality of optoelectronic switches arranged on a common substrate for simultaneous activation thereof and a plurality of distributed transmission lines connected in series and properly terminated by the switches upon activation by light.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for compressing high intensity current pulses and providing an impedance transformation which increases the magnitude of the current of the pulses. A pulse is injected into a transmission line and after the pulse energy is converted to entirely electrostatic form the transmission line is discharged along the length thereof instead of out the end. The transmission line may be longitudinal, or in the shape of a torus, and the discharging may be either synchronous or asynchronous. The method and apparatus may be useful in compressing deuterium/tritium pellets to the point of nuclear burn.

Abstract: A high power microwave radar pulse shaping system includes a hybrid and a pair of plasma waveguide switches in combination. The two plasma waveguide switches with the hybrid between them, which, by grid pulsing of the plasma waveguide switches electronically change the RF pulsewidth and form extremely sharp leading and falling edges of the RF pulse passing therethrough.

Abstract: A sequence of short pulses are produced from a single input pulse of longer duration by use of a plurality of step recovery diodes connected in shunt across a transmission line. The number of individual pulses produced in response to each applied longer pulse is determined by the number of step recovery diodes shunting the transmission line and the distance between adjacent pulses in the sequence is determined by the spacing between the diodes producing the adjacent pulses.

Abstract: A selective wave filter that employs a frequency selective circuit that provides a waveform that represents the envelope of an input tone burst, such as a dot or dash used in radio telegraphy. The output of the frequency selective circuit is connected to a rectifier and the output of the rectifier is connected to a filter that removes most of the audio components and allows the resultant pulse to pass to an output circuit. The output circuit employs apparatus in the form of a balanced modulator, voltage controlled amplifier or the like.

Abstract: A high energy pulse having a very narrow pulse width is generated utilizing a wave guide pulse generator. A first pulse having a pulse width greater than the desired pulse is modified to have a well-defined leading edge and is then coupled to a first quadrature hybrid. A second pulse, shifted in phase relative to the modified first pulse, is generated in the first hybrid from, and in addition to, the modified first pulse. The phase-shifted second pulse travels the length of a conventional wave guide so that the pulse is delayed before entering a second quadrature hybrid. The second quadrature hybrid receives the modified first and phase-shifted second pulses andd phase shifts the second pulse so that the phase thereof is opposed to the phase of the modified first pulse. The modified first pulse is then combined with the opposed phase-shifted second pulse.