Abstract: A circuit includes a bias-tee circuit including a signal line, a constant-voltage power supply, an inductor, and a capacitor. The signal line includes a first signal line and a second signal line. The inductor includes a first inductor and a second inductor. The first inductor is connected to the first signal line and the constant-voltage power supply. The second inductor is connected to the second signal line and the constant-voltage power supply. The shortest distance between the first inductor and the second inductor is not less than 0.05 mm and not more than 1 mm (i.e., from 0.05 mm to 1 mm). The direction of a coil axis of the first inductor and the direction of a coil axis of the second inductor are parallel with a mounting surface and form an angle of approximately 90 degrees.

Abstract: A vibration actuator that is capable of reducing difference of vibration velocities when a contact member is driven using a plurality of vibrators includes a vibrator device and the contact member, which moves relative to the vibrator device. The vibrator device includes the plurality of vibrators, which are connected in series, and a plurality of inductors, which are connected in parallel to the respective vibrators.

Abstract: Described is a self-biased circulator which includes an active layer disposed between an RF ground plane and a circulator junction circuit. The RF ground plane is disposed between the active layer and a compensating layer. The active layer and compensating layer are used in combination to reduce variation of the internal magnetic field in the circulator over temperature.

Abstract: Radar circuitry can include an isolator and a mixer. The isolator can isolate a transmission signal path and a reception signal path from each other, and generate a mixing (e.g. oscillation) signal based on a transmission signal. The isolator can be coupled to the mixer such that the drive signal drives the mixer (e.g. serves as the local oscillation signal of the mixer). The mixer mixes a received signal and the drive signal to generate a converted signal (e.g. a down-converted signal). The isolator can be a hybrid transformer or electrically balanced duplexer.

Abstract: A high-efficiency integrated circulator/isolator includes a hollow base having an opening formed in the top, a coupler, a first resistor, and an SMP signal connector, wherein three notches are formed in the peripheral wall of the base, support bases are respectively arranged at the bottoms of the notches, and a laminated assembly is arranged in the base and includes a central conductor; and the coupler, first resistor, and SMP signal connector are respectively arranged on the support bases, the coupler has an output terminal electrically connected to an input terminal of the central conductor as well as a coupling terminal electrically connected to an external monitoring system, and the central conductor has an output terminal electrically connected to an input terminal of the SMP connector as well as an isolation terminal electrically connected to the first resistor. The circulator/isolator is integrated to a greater degree and is smaller in size.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having a metasurface layer configured with multiple pairs of finger portions in a repeating arrangement. The multiple pairs of finger portions are electrically configurable to modulate a radiation signal received by the semiconductor device. Each pair of finger portions includes first and second members where the first member is doped with a first dopant and the second member is doped with a second dopant being different to the first dopant. Any two adjacent first or second members are configured to be separated by at least deep subwavelength to enable the repeating arrangement.

Abstract: A protection circuit configured to protect delicate electronics from high power signals is disclosed herein. To that end, the protection circuit includes a limiter circuit comprising a phase changing material to prevent high power signals from reaching one or more electronic circuits. The phase changing material assumes a limiting state automatically when an energy of an applied signal exceeds a threshold, which limits the energy of the signal passed on to any associated electronics.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electrically conductive module of a solar cell terminal box. The electrically conductive module comprises an insulation body, conducting strips and a diode chip, wherein there are two and only two conducting strips. The two conducting strips are electrically connected through the diode chip. The diode chip is located inside the insulation body. Each of the two conducting strips is provided with a through hole. The two side edges, which are fixed with the conducting strips, of the insulation body overlap with the through holes. A connection region between the insulation body and each of the conducting strips is only a region between the end portion of the corresponding through hole and the edge of the conducting strip. A part of each through hole is located inside the insulation body, and the remaining part of the through hole is located outside the insulation body and forms an enclosed busbar welding hole together with two side edges of the insulation body.

Abstract: In general, the present disclosure is directed to a transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) module for use in an optical transceiver or transmitter that includes a magnetically-shielded optical isolator to minimize or otherwise reduce magnetization of TOSA components. An embodiment of the present disclosure includes a TOSA housing with magnetic shielding at least partially surrounding an optical isolator, with the magnetic shielding reflecting associated magnetic energy away from components, such as a metal TOSA housing or components disposed therein, that could become magnetized and adversely impact the magnetic flux density of the magnetic field associated with the optical isolator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to communication systems and electrical circuits. According to an embodiment, an input termination circuit includes a first attenuation resistor and a second attenuation resistor. The resistance values of these two resistors are adjusted in opposite directions to maintain a stable output impedance. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: A magnetic isolator includes a dielectric film having a layer of electrically-conductive soft magnetic material bonded thereto. The layer of electrically-conductive soft magnetic material comprises substantially coplanar electrically-conductive soft magnetic islands separated one from another by a network of interconnected gaps. The interconnected gaps are at least partially filled with a thermoset dielectric material. The network of interconnected gaps at least partially suppresses electrical eddy current induced within the layer of soft magnetic material when in the presence of applied external magnetic field. An electronic device including the magnetic isolator and a method of making the magnetic isolator are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of forming a single-piece magnetically tunable ferrite rods that can be used for radio-frequency (RF) applications, including using synthetic garnets. This can include methods of forming cellular towers and antennas. In some embodiments, a separate tuner need not be used in the resonator during magnetic tuning. Examples of fabrication methods and RF-related properties are disclosed.

Abstract: An exemplary electronic assembly includes a planar semiconductor substrate having a front side with semiconductor components and a back side that includes one recess extending inwardly. One of an isolator and circulator is formed as part of the planar semiconductor substrate and includes one magnetic ferrite disk mounted within the one recess within the thickness of the planar semiconductor substrate. The one of an isolator and circulator has at least input and output ports. The input port is disposed to receive a radio frequency signal to be coupled with low insertion loss to the output port while providing high insertion loss to other radio frequency signals attempting to propagate from the output port to the input port.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal mode converting SIW includes a first straight SIW section, a second straight SIW section, and a curved SIW section coupling the first straight SIW section to the second straight SIW section. The curved SIW section included magnetic biasing at opposed corner regions. The magnetic biasing and a curvature of the curved SIW section causes: (i) a wave in a first transverse electric (TE) mode that propagates in a forward direction from the first straight section through the curved SIW section into the second straight SIW section to convert to a second TE mode, and (ii) a wave in the first TE mode that propagates in a reverse direction from the second straight SIW section through the curved SIW section into the first straight SIW section to maintain the first TE mode.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive effect device includes a magnetoresistive effect element first and second ports, a signal line, an inductor, and a direct current input terminal. The first port, the magnetoresistive effect element, and the second port are connected in series in this order via the signal line. The inductor is connected to one of the signal line between the magnetoresistive effect element and the first port and the signal line between the magnetoresistive effect element and the second port and is capable of being connected to ground. The direct-current input terminal is connected to the other of the above signal lines. A closed circuit including the magnetoresistive effect element, the signal line, the inductor, the ground, and direct-current input terminal is capable of being formed. The magnetoresistive effect element is arranged so that direct current flows in a direction from a magnetization fixed layer to a magnetization free layer.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive effect device includes a magnetoresistive effect element including a magnetization fixed layer, a spacer layer, and a magnetization free layer; a first port; a second port; a signal line; an impedance element; and a direct-current input terminal. The first port, the magnetoresistive effect element, and the second port are connected in series in this order via the signal line. The impedance element is connected to ground and to the signal line between the magnetoresistive effect element and the first port or the second port. The direct-current input terminal is connected to the signal line at the opposite side to the impedance element with the magnetoresistive effect element in between the direct-current input terminal and the impedance element. A closed circuit including the magnetoresistive effect element, the signal line, the impedance element, the ground, and the direct-current input terminal is to be formed.

Abstract: A transformer filter arrangement (30) for passing signals at a fundamental frequency and suppressing signals at one or more interfering frequencies is disclosed. It comprises a transformer (100) having a first winding (110) and a second winding (120), wherein the first winding (110) has a first end (112a) and a second end (122b) and the second winding (120) has a first end (122a) and a second end (122b). It further comprises one or more capacitors (130a-e).

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element is configured so that a first center electrode and a second center electrode are arranged on a ferrite, to which a direct current magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet is applied, so as to cross each other and be insulated from each other. One end portion of the first center electrode is connected to a first unbalanced input/output port and one port of a plurality of balanced input/output ports and the other end portion of the first center electrode is connected to ground. One end portion of the second center electrode is connected to a second unbalanced input/output port and the other port of the balanced input/output ports and the other end of the second center electrode is connected to the ground. The one end portion of the first center electrode is connected to the ground via a first capacitor element, and the one end portion of the second center electrode is connected to the ground via a second capacitor element.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for realizing non-reciprocal components, such as isolators and circulators, for operation over a broad bandwidth without requiring magnetic components/material which would prevent integrated circuit manufacture utilizing standard processes is presented. In one example, a circulator is described including varactor diodes coupled at each unit cell in a balanced manner between halves of a differential signal path and halves of a differential carrier path. In another example, variable capacitors are coupled at each unit cell between a signal path and ground, and having a tuning input of the variable capacitor receiving a signal from a carrier path.

Abstract: As a capacitor Cj is connected in parallel to a non-reciprocal circuit 3, in a predetermined frequency band in which a power amplifier 2 is used, or in other words, in a predetermined frequency band used in communication, an input impedance of the non-reciprocal circuit 3 is adjusted and the length of an impedance curve (reflection coefficient S11) at an input terminal P2 of the non-reciprocal circuit 3 can thus be reduced. In addition, an output impedance of the power amplifier 2 and an input impedance of the non-reciprocal circuit 3 can be matched in a broad band through an interstage matching circuit 7 (input matching circuit 6) provided between an output terminal P1 of the power amplifier 2 and the input terminal P2 of the non-reciprocal circuit 3.

Abstract: According to the invention, the following are provided: a first element (1, 1a) of pedagogic hyperfrequency circuit, at least one corresponding magnetic tray (2), at least one other second element (1b) of hyperfrequency circuit, similar to the first element (1, 1a), and at least one third other corresponding pedagogic hyperfrequency electric connection element (3), separate from the first element (1, 1a), which are intended to cooperate together to form a pedagogic hyperfrequency circuit.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes a permanent magnet, a microwave magnetic body to which a direct current magnetic field is applied by the permanent magnet, a first center electrode that is wrapped around the microwave magnetic body, is connected at one end to an input port, and is connected at another end to an output port, a second center electrode that is wrapped around the microwave magnetic body while intersecting with the first center electrode so as to be insulated from the first center electrode, is connected at one end to the output port, and is connected at another end to a ground port, a first matching capacitance connected between the input port and the output port in parallel with the first center electrode, a terminating resistance connected between the input port and the output port in parallel with the first center electrode, and a second matching capacitance connected between the output port and the ground port.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes a ferrite to which a direct current magnetic field is applied by a permanent magnet, and first and second center electrodes arranged on the ferrite so as to intersect with and be insulated from each other. One end of the first center electrode is connected to a first port and the other is connected to a second port. One end of the second center electrode is connected to the second port and the other is connected to a ground port. A first capacitor and a resistor connected in parallel are connected between the first and second ports and a second capacitor is connected between the second and ground ports. An input/output terminal of at least one filter is connected between the first or second port and the resistor and the ground terminal thereof is connected to the second or first port.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for realizing non-reciprocal components, such as isolators and circulators, for operation over a broad bandwidth without requiring magnetic components/material which would prevent integrated circuit manufacture utilizing standard processes is presented. In one example, a circulator is described including varactor diodes coupled at each unit cell in a balanced manner between halves of a differential signal path and halves of a differential carrier path. In another example, variable capacitors are coupled at each unit cell between a signal path and ground, and having a tuning input of the variable capacitor receiving a signal from a carrier path.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes a permanent magnet, a microwave magnetic body to which a direct current magnetic field is applied by the permanent magnet, a first center electrode that is wrapped around the microwave magnetic body, is connected at one end to an input port, and is connected at another end to an output port, a second center electrode that is wrapped around the microwave magnetic body while intersecting with the first center electrode so as to be insulated from the first center electrode, is connected at one end to the output port, and is connected at another end to a ground port, a first matching capacitance connected between the input port and the output port in parallel with the first center electrode, a terminating resistance connected between the input port and the output port in parallel with the first center electrode, and a second matching capacitance connected between the output port and the ground port.

Abstract: The present application relates to a combined-branched-ferrite element including at least two branched-ferrite elements, the branched-ferrite elements having three branches. At least one of the three branches in the ferrite elements is connected to a branch of another one of the ferrite elements to form at least one connected-branch. The unconnected branches are input/output (I/O) branches and include input/output (I/O) apertures in respective I/O branch planes that divide the respective I/O branches into resonator sections and return-path sections.

Abstract: A microwave pulse power switching system includes a waveguide switching section having stacked reduced height waveguides, wherein microwave pulse power introduced into a first port of the waveguide switching section is divided between and propagates through the stacked reduced height waveguides. At least one and preferably both of the stacked reduced height waveguides of said waveguide switching section are loaded with a non-reciprocal ferrite material. A magnetic field switching circuit, which can include electromagnets and a bifurcating web plate of the waveguide switching section, produces a switchable static magnetic field in the ferrite loaded reduced height waveguides. Actuation of the magnetic field switching circuit will cause pulse power that emerges from the second port of the waveguide switching section to be changed or “switched” relative to the pulse power introduced into the first port of the waveguide switching section.

Abstract: A circulator/isolator assembly to operate within a first frequency range is disclosed. The assembly includes a first magnetic substrate having a first surface and a second surface and a first ground plane formed on the first surface, a dielectric layer disposed adjacent the first magnetic substrate, the dielectric layer comprising a multi-port junction circuit disposed on a first side of the dielectric layer and dimensioned to be resonant within the first frequency range, the multi-port junction circuit comprising a conductive disk coupled to a plurality of RF transmission traces, a first RF transmission trace forming an input port and a second RF transmission trace forming an output port, a ground plane disposed on a second side of the dielectric layer, and a first magnetic cylinder disposed proximate the multi-port junction circuit of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit device includes a magnetic core, a permanent magnet that applies a DC field to the magnetic core, a plurality of central conductors that are insulated from each other and cross each other at a specified angle, and at least one subsidiary conductor that is arranged on the magnetic core adjacent to at least one of the central conductors. The subsidiary conductor is magnetically coupled with the central conductor adjacent thereto via the magnetic core.

Abstract: A circulator/isolator assembly is disclosed. The assembly includes a first magnetic substrate having first surface and a second surface and a first ground plane formed on the first surface. A dielectric layer is disposed adjacent first magnetic substrate. The dielectric layer includes a multi-port junction circuit coupled to transmission traces. One of the traces forms an input port and another forms an output port. A first magnet is disposed proximate the multi-port junction circuit of the dielectric layer. The first magnet excites a circular, unidirectional magnetic flux field in the first magnetic substrate that limits electromagnetic wave propagation to a single direction.

Abstract: In a high-frequency module, an input terminal, an output terminal and a ground terminal, which are arranged so as to be capable of being visually checked, and wiring line electrodes located on a mounting surface are electrically connected to each other by wires and therefore the connection state of a non-reciprocal circuit element to the wiring line electrodes on the mounting surface of the substrate can be easily visually checked and an impedance adjustment between the non-reciprocal circuit element and the wiring line electrodes located on the mounting surface of the substrate on which the non-reciprocal circuit element is mounted or electronic components mounted on the mounting surface can be easily performed by adjusting the lengths of the wires.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a circuit assembly that includes an integrated circulator assembly. The circuit assembly has a first substrate, which contains a continuous circuit trace that includes a circulator component from the circulator assembly and at least one electrical component from the circuit assembly. A second substrate is disposed beneath the first substrate and includes a cladding on one surface. The second substrate contains an aperture that accepts a ferrite element, which is axially aligned with the circulator component of the circuit trace. A conductive material is placed across the ferrite element so that it forms a continuous ground plane with the cladding, which is common to the entire circuit trace. The circulator assembly also contains a magnet bonded to the ferrite element. The circulator assembly may also include a yoke disposed below the magnet to shield the circulator from external magnetic fields.

Abstract: In a high-frequency module, an input terminal, an output terminal and a ground terminal, which are arranged so as to be capable of being visually checked, and wiring line electrodes located on a mounting surface are electrically connected to each other by wires and therefore the connection state of a non-reciprocal circuit element to the wiring line electrodes on the mounting surface of the substrate can be easily visually checked and an impedance adjustment between the non-reciprocal circuit element and the wiring line electrodes located on the mounting surface of the substrate on which the non-reciprocal circuit element is mounted or electronic components mounted on the mounting surface can be easily performed by adjusting the lengths of the wires.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal transmission line apparatus is provided with a cascade connection of unit cells between ports. Each unit cell includes a transmission line part for a microwave signal, and shunt branch circuits equivalently including inductive elements. Each unit cells has spontaneous magnetization or is magnetized by an external magnetic field so as to have gyrotropy by being magnetized in a magnetization direction different from a propagation direction of the transmission line part. In each of the unit cells, the shunt branch circuits includes a first stub conductor formed on one side with respect to a plane composed of the propagation direction and the magnetization direction, and a second stub conductor formed on the other side with respect to the plane, and the stub conductors have different electric length from each other.

Abstract: In certain aspects of the invention, an isolator is configured by a reception circuit, a transmission circuit, and a transformer. In some aspects, the transmission circuit is disposed in an anterior surface of a semiconductor substrate. The transformer is disposed in a posterior surface of the semiconductor substrate and transmits in an electrically isolated state to the reception circuit, a signal input from the transmission circuit. The transformer is configured by a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil can be configured by a metal film embedded in an oxide film inside a coil trench. The secondary coil can be disposed inside an insulating film covering the primary coil so as to oppose the primary coil and is insulated from the primary coil by the insulating film.

Abstract: A manufacturing technique for constructing passive electronic components in vertical configurations is disclosed. Electrically passive components are constructed in a structure that is substantially perpendicular to target platform including a first plane to provide a larger electrode contact area and a smaller physical dimension. Passive components structured to be substantially perpendicular to a plane associated with a target platform can be directly connected to pad contacts of an integrated circuit or substrate or can be embedded in a package to reduce the area overhead of a passive component while improving the effectiveness of the passive components in their applications.

Abstract: In a circuit module in which a plurality of non-reciprocal circuit elements, each of which does not have a yoke, are mounted, the occurrence of magnetic coupling between the non-reciprocal circuit elements is significantly reduced and prevented. Core isolators are not arranged such that, in a state in which the direction of magnetic flux and the direction of magnetic flux are the same, the core isolators are aligned in the direction of the magnetic flux. Specifically, the core isolators generate the magnetic flux from left to right. The core isolators are aligned so as to be inclined relative to the magnetic flux. Thus, extension of the magnetic flux through the core isolator in a state of being directed in the same direction as that of the magnetic flux is significantly reduced and prevented.

Abstract: A central conductor assembly for a non-reciprocal circuit device, at least a first central conductor constituting a first inductance element and a second central conductor constituting a second inductance element being integrally formed in a laminate comprising pluralities of magnetic layers, the first central conductor being formed by series-connecting first and second lines formed on a first main surface of the laminate to third lines formed in the laminate through via-holes, and the second central conductor being formed on the first main surface of the laminate such that it extends between the first and second lines and crosses the third lines via a magnetic layer.

Abstract: A circuit module having reduced magnetic coupling between core isolators. A substrate body includes principal surfaces. A core isolator includes a ferrite, a permanent magnet that applies a DC magnetic field to the ferrite, a first center electrode provided for the ferrite and including one end connected to an input port and another end connected to an output port, and a second center electrode provided for the ferrite so as to intersect the first center electrode insulated from the second center electrode and that includes one end connected to the output port and another end connected to a ground port. The core isolator also includes no yokes preventing leakage of the DC magnetic field to the outside. The core isolators are mounted on the respective principal surfaces such that directions of the DC magnetic fields are parallel or substantially parallel to the principal surface.

Abstract: An electronic component is mounted on a substrate so as to be in contact with a non-reciprocal circuit element. Therefore, there is no risk of the electronic component, which is arranged so as to be in contact with the non-reciprocal circuit element, being displaced as a result of being shifted by the magnetic force of permanent magnets included in the non-reciprocal circuit element and displacement of the electronic component as a result of being shifted by the magnetic force of the permanent magnets can be prevented. Therefore, since there is no risk of the electronic component being displaced by being shifted by the magnetic force of the permanent magnets, a space in which to mount a member that would function as an electromagnetic shield, such as a yoke, need not be provided on the substrate and the composite electronic module can be reduced in size and profile.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a circuit assembly that includes an integrated circulator assembly. The circuit assembly has a first substrate, which contains a continuous circuit trace that includes a circulator component from the circulator assembly and at least one electrical component from the circuit assembly. A second substrate is disposed beneath the first substrate and includes a cladding on one surface. The second substrate contains an aperture that accepts a ferrite element, which is axially aligned with the circulator component of the circuit trace. A conductive material is placed across the ferrite element so that it forms a continuous ground plane with the cladding, which is common to the entire circuit trace. The circulator assembly also contains a magnet bonded to the ferrite element. The circulator assembly may also include a yoke disposed below the magnet to shield the circulator from external magnetic fields.

Abstract: In a composite electronic module, electronic components including magnetic substances are mounted on a substrate such that lines of magnetic force generated by a permanent magnet of a non-reciprocal circuit element are concentrated to the non-reciprocal circuit element side. Therefore, even when a metal yoke is omitted, for example, it is possible to reduce the number of lines of magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet and which leak to the outside of the substrate, and hence to significantly reduce and prevent the influence of a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet upon other electronic components that are arranged near or adjacent to the composite electronic module around the substrate.

Abstract: A circuit module and a measurement method enable accurate measurement of isolation characteristics of an isolator. The circuit module includes a processing circuit including SAW filters and a power amplifier and performs certain processing on an input signal. An isolator includes an input port, an output port and a ground port and outputs an input signal, which is input thereto via the input port and on which the processing circuit has performed the certain processing, as an output signal via the output port. A directional coupler distributes a signal transmitted between the processing circuit and the isolator. A measurement instrument inputs a test signal from the output port and measures a detection signal output from the directional coupler.

Abstract: An isolator includes a core isolator mounted on a circuit board and including a ferrite and permanent magnets to apply a direct-current magnetic field to the ferrite, and includes no yoke for controlling the leakage of the direct-current magnetic field out of the isolator. Power amplifiers are arranged in a straight line along with the core isolator interposed therebetween. A metal case covers the core isolator and the power amplifiers. The heights of the power amplifiers are greater than that of the core isolator.

Abstract: In a composite electronic module, electronic components including magnetic substances are mounted on a substrate such that lines of magnetic force generated by a permanent magnet of a non-reciprocal circuit element are concentrated to the non-reciprocal circuit element side. Therefore, even when a metal yoke is omitted, for example, it is possible to reduce the number of lines of magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet and which leak to the outside of the substrate, and hence to significantly reduce and prevent the influence of a magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet upon other electronic components that are arranged near or adjacent to the composite electronic module around the substrate.

Abstract: In a non-reciprocal circuit element, a first center electrode and a second center electrode are disposed in a ferrite so as to intersect with each other in an insulated state. The ferrite receives a direct-current magnetic field from a permanent magnet. One end of the first center electrode is connected to a first port, the other end thereof is connected to a second port, one end of the second center electrode is connected to the second port, and the other end thereof is connected to a third port. Between the first and second ports, a terminating resistor and a capacitance-variable capacitor are connected in parallel to the first center electrode. By changing the capacitance value of the capacitor, the isolation frequency is adjusted.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a nonreciprocal device includes a first component portion serving a circulator and a second component portion serving a circulator. The first component portion includes: a first carrier; a first Y junction-shaped line including three branch lines; first, second and third lines respectively connected to the three branch lines of the first Y junction-shaped line; and fourth and fifth lines. The second component portion includes: a second carrier plate provided on a back surface of the first carrier plate; a second Y junction-shaped line including three branch lines; sixth, seventh and eighth lines respectively connected to the three branch lines of the second Y junction-shaped line, one of the sixth, seventh and eighth lines being connected to one of the first, second and third lines, the other two of the sixth, seventh and eighth lines being respectively connected to the fourth and fifth lines.

Abstract: A circuit module and a measurement method enable accurate measurement of isolation characteristics of an isolator. The circuit module includes a processing circuit including SAW filters and a power amplifier and performs certain processing on an input signal. An isolator includes an input port, an output port and a ground port and outputs an input signal, which is input thereto via the input port and on which the processing circuit has performed the certain processing, as an output signal via the output port. A directional coupler distributes a signal transmitted between the processing circuit and the isolator. A measurement instrument inputs a test signal from the output port and measures a detection signal output from the directional coupler.

Abstract: A central conductor assembly for use in a non-reciprocal circuit comprising a first inductance element between a first input/output port and a second input/output port, and a second inductance element between the second input/output port and a ground port, a magnetic substrate being integrally provided with a first central conductor constituting the first inductance element and a second central conductor constituting the second inductance element; and the second central conductor being crossing the first central conductor on a main surface side of the substrate via a magnetic layer or a dielectric layer, with at least one end portion thereof bent such that high-frequency current flows therethrough in the same direction as or in an opposite direction to that of high-frequency current flowing through the first central conductor.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element includes first and second center electrodes. On a ferrite to which a direct-current magnetic field is applied from a permanent magnet, the first and second center electrodes are insulated and intersect. First and second ends of the first center electrode are connected to an input port and an output port, respectively. First and second ends of the second center electrode are connected to the output port and a ground port, respectively. A first matching capacitor and a resistor are connected between the input port and the output port. A second matching capacitor is connected between the output port and the ground port. A parallel resonant circuit is connected in parallel to the resistor. A coupling element is connected between the parallel resonant circuit and another parallel resonant circuit including the first center electrode and the first matching capacitor so as to the parallel resonant circuits.