Abstract: An improved multi-junction waveguide circulator that eliminates the transitions to dielectric transformers and air-filled waveguides between ferrite elements is described. The waveguide circulator in accordance with the invention can be implemented in variations from a minimum of two ferrite circulator elements held in close proximity to one another to any number of ferrite elements as required to achieve the desired isolation performance or to create a switch matrix with any combination of input and output ports. The waveguide circulator in accordance with the invention eliminates the transitions between adjacent ferrite elements and thus reduces losses, component size, and mass.

Abstract: A structure for a passive microwave device capable of low IMD and high power operation, and adapted for automated assembling and placement is disclosed. The device exhibits a high degree of coplanarity on its mounting surface, as well as a high degree of flatness and alignment between its respective components. The inherent self-aligning qualities of the design are used in conjunction with an assembly fixture that has three or more alignment pins to provide a highly manufacturable and reliable device. Related manufacturing methods and fixturing are also disclosed.

Abstract: An alignment frame for a passive radio frequency ferrite isolator or circulator aligns ferrite discs with the circuit and the housing in which these components are encased. The fragile leads of the circuit are supported by the alignment frame, thereby creating a more durable and robust package design for handling and customer product interfacing. No adhesive is used, thereby reducing manufacturing time and increasing reliability of the device.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) circulator includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrate and a ferrite structure disposed in the LTCC substrate. The circulator also includes first, second and third transmission lines disposed in the LTCC substrate and coupled between the ferrite disk and first, second and third ports of the circulator. The ferrite structure embedded in the LTCC substrate is exposed to an appropriate direct current (DC) magnetic field, to provide the circulator as an integrated LTCC substrate circulator.

Abstract: A coaxial circulator having ferrite members to which a static magnetic field is applied at a junction of a Y-shaped strip conductor, the coaxial conductor including a dielectric substrate, an inner pattern of the Y-shaped strip conductor provided on a center of an upper surface of the dielectric substrate, and ground patterns provided on the upper surface and a lower surface of the dielectric substrate along a periphery of the conductive inner pattern and electrically connected to each other via a plurality of through-holes in the dielectric substrate, the substrate being sandwiched by an upper block and a lower block, the ferrite members being provided adjacent to both the upper side and a lower side of the substrate so as to ground the ground patterns to the upper and lower block surfaces.

Abstract: A non-reversible circuit device includes input-output terminals formed on one end side of first, second, and third central conductors, respectively. The other ends thereof are introduced to one surface of a laminated substrate to form ground terminals. A ferrite member has electrode portions and is disposed on the one surface of the laminated substrate, so that the ground terminals are connected to the electrode portions. Thus, the ground terminals of the central conductors can be positioned so as not to project from the ferrite member. Thus, the laminated substrate can be reduced in size.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device includes a metal casing (upper and lower casing members), a permanent magnet, a center electrode assembly, and a multilayer substrate. The multilayer substrate has terminal electrodes that protrude therefrom and includes a resistance element and matching capacitor elements. The terminal electrodes of the multilayer substrate are fabricated by providing through holes in constraining layers and, after firing, removing the constraining layers except for the through holes. The bottom section of the lower metal casing member is arranged among the terminal electrodes. A ground electrode that covers substantially the entire lower surface of the multilayer substrate is electrically connected to the bottom section of the lower metal casing member. The height of the protrusions of the terminal electrodes extending from the lower surface of the multilayer substrate is substantially equal to a thickness (about 0.1 mm to about 0.2 mm) of the lower metal casing member.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device miniaturized entirely by reducing the height and the weight can prevent characteristic deterioration. In the nonreciprocal circuit device, a ferrite assembly is formed by winding a quadrangular ferrite plate with insulated copper wires mutually intersecting. The ferrite assembly is arranged perpendicularly to the mounting surface of a mounting substrate. On each side of the ferrite assembly, there is arranged a magnet applying a static magnetic field perpendicularly to main surface of the ferrite plate.

Abstract: A resin casing for use in a non-reciprocal circuit device comprising an assembly of a ferrimagnetic body and a plurality of central conductors enclosing it, and a plurality of elongated flat capacitors connected to ends of the central conductors; the resin casing being constituted by a thin conductor plate having a substantially flat bottom portion and a resin frame injection-molded integrally with the thin conductor plate; the resin frame comprising sidewalls, and partition walls provided inside the sidewalls for defining a plurality of recesses for receiving the flat capacitors, a pair of opposing sidewalls being provided with external terminals constituted by the thin conductor plate; any bottoms of a plurality of the recesses being integrally constituted by a substantially flat bottom portion of the thin conductor plate; the recesses being formed such that all flat capacitors received in the recesses are aligned substantially in parallel with sidewalls having external terminals; and the assembly being dis

Abstract: In a nonreciprocal circuit device, receiving surfaces for bending first and second line conductors are formed at the respective ends of the confronting two sides of a magnetic substrate, the first and second line conductors are bent to the other surface of the magnetic substrate through the receiving surfaces thereof as well as disposed on the other surface of the magnetic substrate along the diagonal lines

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonreciprocal circuit device which can be assembled by an automatic assembling machine, and in which the built-in components thereof can be disposed with a high positioning accuracy, and further provides a communication apparatus using this nonreciprocal circuit device. The nonreciprocal circuit device as an isolator includes a metallic lower case portion, a resin terminal case, a center electrode assembly, a metallic upper case portion, and a permanent magnet. Inside the terminal case, there are provided irregular-shaped guide portions for disposing nonreciprocal circuit components such as the center electrode assembly, at a predetermined position, and more specifically, a window portion, recesses for capacitors, and a bank portion for permanent magnet. These guide portions have tapered side wall surfaces each having a predetermined taper angle &thgr;.

Abstract: The present invention provides a communication apparatus incorporating a nonreciprocal circuit device capable of being connected to a balanced output circuit without interposing a balun, a hybrid, or the like therebetween. The nonreciprocal circuit device includes an assembly formed of three central conductors. On the upper surface of a disk-shaped microwave ferrite member, the central conductors are arranged intersecting each other at an angle of approximately 120 degrees in a mutually electrically insulated manner. The second and third central electrodes have connecting portions at first ends thereof and the second ends thereof are connected to a ground electrode. The first central electrode has connecting portions at both ends thereof. The connecting portions of the first central electrode serve as feeding ends. An input port provided by the ends of the first central electrode serves as a balanced input port. An output port connected to the second central electrode serves as an unbalanced output port.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit element includes a lower metallic case, a resin terminal case, a ferrite, a center conductor, an upper metallic case, a permanent magnet, matching capacitor elements and other elements. The center conductor includes center electrodes each having two lines extending from a ground electrode. The height of the top surface of each of the matching capacitor elements is lower than that of the top surface of the ferrite. Simultaneously, in at least one of the center electrodes disposed on the side surface of the ferrite, the edge thereof is located closer to the capacitor electrode of the corresponding matching capacitor element than the other edge thereof. Also, in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the height direction of the ferrite, the bottom surface of the one edge is located farther away from the capacitor electrode of the corresponding matching capacitor element than the top surface thereof.

Abstract: A resin member is arranged between a permanent magnet, and a resistance element and a matching capacitor or the like. The ports of center electrodes are electrically connected to the resistance element and the matching capacitor element on the top faces of the resistance element and the matching capacitor element. A convexity of which the height is substantially equal to the electrode thickness of the ports of the center electrodes is formed on the under face of the resin member.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element for transmitting a signal in one way or cyclically transmitting the signal by using circuit means having at least a ferrite (34), transmission lines (31, 32, and 33), and a capacitor (21), has at least two external input/output terminals (11 and 12) for transferring a signal to and from an external unit and at least one of external grounding terminals (13, 14, and 15) for grounding, wherein at least one (13) of the external grounding terminals is set between at least one set of the external input/output terminals (11 and 12).

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element for transmitting a signal in one way or cyclically transmitting the signal by using circuit means having at least a ferrite (34), transmission lines (31, 32, and 33), and a capacitor (21), has: at least two external input/output terminals (11 and 12) for transferring a signal to and from an external unit and at least one of external grounding terminals (13, 14, and 15) for grounding, wherein at least one (13) of the external grounding terminals is set between at least one set of the external input/output terminals (11 and 12).

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonreciprocal circuit device which has solved problems, such as the increase in production cost, the reduction in reliability, and the overall upsizing thereof, which are caused by the mounting of a circuit element having a matching circuit onto a printed board, and also provides a communication apparatus including this nonreciprocal circuit. This nonreciprocal circuit includes a ferrite assembly formed by combining mutually intersecting first and second central conductors and a ferrite, magnets applying an magnetostatic field to this ferrite assembly, and a yoke. Furthermore, circuit elements which are connected to the first and second central conductors and which constitute a matching circuit, are formed in a dielectric laminated substrate, on which the ferrite assembly is mounted.

Abstract: A multi-element radio frequency or microwave circulator or isolator assembly has a plurality of integral circuit elements in which the components are formed as single, unitary pieces arrayed in a stack in a single housing assembly. The housing assembly includes a base housing and a cover. The cover is configured to latch to the base housing in contact with the circuit elements to maintain a uniform operative pressure over the circuit elements in the housing assembly. In this manner, the components are maintained in a single dielectric medium and the dimensional tolerances in all elements are the same, leading to reduced losses and greater stability of performance.

Abstract: A compact dual element cascade circulator in which performance is enhanced while the size of the overall device is reduced. The circulator includes a plurality of junctions connected in cascade to provide a plurality of non-reciprocal transmission path between signal ports on a network, and a metal housing with a cover in which the junctions are disposed. The plurality of junctions includes a single oblong permanent magnet, a dual ferrite component including two (2) oblong ferrite elements, a dielectric constant medium disposed between the ferrite elements, and a plurality of conductor portions sandwiched between the ferrite elements. A single impedance matching structure is coupled between successive junctions.

Abstract: A compact multi-element cascade circulator in which electrical and mechanical performance is enhanced while handling and assembly costs are reduced. The circulator includes a plurality of junctions connected in cascade to provide a plurality of non-reciprocal transmission path between signal ports on a network, and a metal housing with a cover in which the junctions are disposed. The plurality of junctions includes an oval permanent magnet, a multi-ferrite component including two (2) oblong ferrite elements, a dielectric constant medium disposed between the ferrite elements, and a plurality of conductor portions sandwiched between the ferrite elements. By configuring the multi-element cascade circulator to include the oval permanent magnet and the oblong ferrite component that are employed by more than one junction of the circulator, the multi-element cascade circulator achieves enhanced performance with reduced inventory and manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A ferrite structure for non-reciprocal microwave device such as circulator/isolator. The structure includes one or more composite ferrite bodies, each having at least one region of a soft ferrite material and at least one region of a hard ferrite material, and at least two ferrous/ferrite plates. The ferrous/ferrite plates are attached to the composite ferrites so as to contribute to the completion of the magnetic loop via hard and soft ferrite portions of the composite ferrites. The soft and hard ferrite regions are magnetized in the opposite directions. The range of operation is selected to be between the resonant frequencies of soft and hard ferrite materials. With such setting the hard and soft ferrite regions provide the circulation in the same direction. As compared to the state-of-the art devices, the circulators/isolators made according to the present invention incorporate the confined-flux self-magnetized ferrite structure thus eliminating the use of conventional magnets.

Abstract: A magnetic member 2 for nonreciprocal circuit is fitted in a first hole formed in a dielectric substrate 1 and at least one magnetic member 3 is fitted in a second hole formed in a portion of the dielectric substrate 1, which surrounds the first hole. An electrical conductor is printed on surfaces of the dielectric substrate 1 and the magnetic member 2 for nonreciprocal circuit to form a micro strip line 4. A grounding conductor 5 is formed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate 1. Changing the magnetization of the magnetic member 3 for frequency regulation can reversibly perform a regulation of the frequency characteristics of the nonreciprocal circuit.

Abstract: An isolator (a nonreciprocal circuit device) includes a magnetic assembly defined by center conductors for an input port, for an output port, and for a terminating port, and a ferrite member, a permanent magnet, and a spacer, all of which are provided in a housing. A series capacitor and a parallel capacitor are connected to the center conductor for the input port. A parallel capacitor is connected to the center conductor for the output port. A parallel capacitor and a resistor, which defines a terminating resistor, are connected to the center conductor for the terminating port. The center conductor for the input port has a width greater than that of the other center conductors. Thus, the characteristic impedance and the inductance of the center conductor for the input port are reduced to provide a wide operating frequency band. An equivalent series resistance is reduced to achieve a reduction in loss.

Abstract: The performance of broadband isolators and circulators can be characterized by the ratio fmax/fmin, where fmin and fmax are defined as the edges of the frequency band in which the devices have acceptable operating characteristics. For the most advanced isolators and circulators available today this ratio is approximately 3:1. This invention teaches how to improve broadband performance substantially. The present limitations are shown to be primarily due to two causes: 1.) lack of bias field homogeneity, and 2.) previously unrecognized low-field loss due to excitation of magnetostatic surface waves. These surface waves are excited at the dielectric/ferrite interfaces on the side faces of the ferrite platelets or discs in the devices. For stripline edge-mode isolators and stripline circulators, the undesired low-field loss can be reduced by using certain rf device structures in combination with suitable bias magnets.

Abstract: A center electrode assembly includes a substrate made of ferrite, insulation layers made from insulation paste, and a plurality of center electrodes which intersect the insulation layers at predetermined angles. The center electrodes are formed by coating a photosensitive electroconductive paste material, exposing, and firing.

Abstract: A structure for a low IMD passive microwave device, adapted for automated assembling and placement. The structure includes sheet metal housing having a bottom portion and a plurality of sides that are bent at 90-degree angle to the bottom portion. In each side there is a flare slot that can receive a tooth of a teeth cover. The structure has the aligning holes, slots and reference points on the entire stack to facilitate and automate the assembly process in manufacturing. The tuning stub resonators of a center conductor have the extended peripheral portions with the aligning half-moon holes. Those extended portions provide the condition when the operation range is maximally separated from the resonant frequency, thus providing the condition for the lower IMD. The housing is attached to a PCB. The input/output ports are formed on the PCB with the contact pads situated on both sides that are electrically connected using the PTHs.

Abstract: Holes are formed in a ceramic substrate before sintering, magnetic parts and dielectric parts are fitted in the holes and the substrate is sintered at a temperature equal to or lower than the sintering temperature of the magnetic parts. It is possible to obtain a very compact high frequency integrated circuit, particularly, a micro wave integrated circuit which can be utilized in a frequency band of several tens GHz, by using hard ferrite as a material of the magnetic parts and magnetizing them after the sintering.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit device includes a lower metal case, a terminal resin case, a central-electrode assembly, an upper metal case, and a permanent magnet. The central-electrode assembly includes a ferrite to which a dc magnetic field is applied by the permanent magnet, and central electrodes disposed around the ferrite. The terminal resin case includes two sets of opposing side walls and a bottom wall, and cut surfaces formed when a lead frame is separated are provided in one set of side walls, respectively. Terminals for surface mounting are provided on another set of side walls which is different from the one set of side walls.

Abstract: An alignment frame for a passive radio frequency ferrite isolator or circulator aligns ferrite discs with the circuit and the housing in which these components are encased. The fragile leads of the circuit are supported by the alignment frame, thereby creating a more durable and robust package design for handling and customer product interfacing. No adhesive is used, thereby reducing manufacturing time and increasing reliability of the device.

Abstract: A dielectric nonreciprocal circuit device, which has satisfactory nonreciprocal characteristics obtained by improving the structure of a part supporting magnetic members, is incorporated in a radio device. The dielectric nonreciprocal circuit device has an arrangement such that supporting members for supporting the magnetic members are not located where the magnetic members are abutted against dielectric strips or where the magnetic members are disposed in close proximity to the dielectric strips.

Abstract: A concentrated constant type isolator includes an upper member, a lower member, a resin case, a center electrode assembly, a permanent magnet, a resistor element, matching capacitor elements, and a resin member. By setting the electrostatic capacitance value of the matching capacitor element on the input terminal side and that on the output terminal side to appropriate values, the reflection loss characteristic of the concentrated constant type isolator is set such that the center frequency in a pass band is located between the frequency at which the input-side reflection loss becomes a maximum value and the frequency at which the output-side reflection loss becomes a maximum value, and such that the frequency at which insertion loss becomes the minimum value is close to the center frequency, whereby the standard of the insertion loss is satisfied.

Abstract: A two-port isolator comprising a thin ferrite plate, a permanent magnet for applying a static magnetic field to the thin ferrite plate, first and second central conductors disposed substantially in a center portion of the thin ferrite plate and crossing each other with electric insulation, first and second input-output terminals each connected to an end of each of the first and second central conductors, a common terminal connected to the other ends of the first and second central conductors, a first matching capacitor connected between the first input-output terminal and the common terminal, a second matching capacitor connected between the second input-output terminal and the common terminal, and a resistor connected between the first input-output terminal and the second input-output terminal, wherein the DC resistance of the resistor is set, such that with loss in a high-frequency signal entering into the first input-output terminal and exiting from the second input-output terminal defined as insertion los

Abstract: An isolator is disclosed, in which a ferromagnetic sheet is placed into a shielding resin case together with garnet ferrite and an internal terminal sheet (with strip lines extending therefrom). Thus the leakage magnetic flux shielding effect is reinforced, and the bulk of the isolator is made compact. The constitution is as follows. That is, the internal terminal sheet (with the strip lines extending therefrom), a garnet ferrite, a plurality of insulating films and a ferromagnetic sheet are inserted into a shielding resin case in the cited order. Further, this structure is inserted into between upper and lower cases, and three dielectric devices and a chip resistor are disposed on a PCB and around the lower case, while a connecting terminal part with input/output terminals connected to the PCB electrodes is formed on the PCB.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device includes a permanent magnet, a ferrite element to which a DC magnetic flux is applied by said permanent magnet, a plurality of center electrodes provided on the ferrite element, an upper casing member, and a lower casing member. The upper and lower casing members accommodate the permanent magnet, the ferrite element, and the center electrodes. The thickness of the lower casing member is set to the range between 50% and 100% of the thickness of the upper casing member. The upper and lower casing members are made of an iron-based metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a communication apparatus incorporating a nonreciprocal circuit device capable of being connected to a balanced output circuit without interposing a balun, a hybrid, or the like therebetween. The nonreciprocal circuit device includes an assembly formed of three central conductors. On the upper surface of a disk-shaped microwave ferrite member, the central conductors are arranged intersecting each other at an angle of approximately 120 degrees in a mutually electrically insulated manner. The second and third central electrodes have connecting portions at first ends thereof and the second ends thereof are connected to a ground electrode. The first central electrode has connecting portions at both ends thereof. The connecting portions of the first central electrode serve as feeding ends. An input port provided by the ends of the first central electrode serves as a balanced input port. An output port connected to the second central electrode serves as an unbalanced output port.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal component includes a casing having an input/output terminal and a ground terminal formed therein, a ferrite plate, a line conductor, and magnetic stored in the casing, and an upper yoke and a lower yoke provided at the top face and the bottom face of the casing, respectively. In the non-reciprocal component, the casing is insert-molded with the lower yoke.

Abstract: In an irreversible (non reciprocal) circuit component, a resin member is arranged between a permanent magnet, and a matching capacitor or the like. The port of a center electrode and the terminal electrode on the hot side of the matching capacitor are electrically connected on the top face of the matching capacitor element, and also, an output lead-out electrode is electrically connected to them. A convexity may be formed on the under face of the resin member, and a convexity is formed on the bottom of the resin case. The convexity of the resin case contacts the under face of the resin member.

Abstract: A tunable isolator is provided. At least one of the matching circuits for the isolator may be patterned or placed on a common substrate with the isolator. Additionally, at least one of the matching circuits includes a ferro-electric tunable component for tuning the impedance match of the matching circuit.

Abstract: An isolator device with a built-in power amplifier includes a single dielectric multi-layered substrate, a high frequency power amplifier circuit, an isolator element, and circuit elements provided to the dielectric multi-layered substrate. The high frequency power amplifier circuit and the isolator element are connected with each other through the circuit elements and united with the single dielectric multi-layered substrate.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal component includes a casing having an input/output terminal and a ground terminal formed therein, a ferrite plate, a line conductor, and a magnetic stored in the casing, and an upper yoke and a lower yoke provided at the top face and the bottom face of the casing, respectively. In the non-reciprocal component, the casing is insert-molded with the lower yoke.

Abstract: Circulator unit comprising a first member (1) in a first dielectric layer (3) and a second member (2) in second dielectric layer (4) both members being of ferro-electric material and arranged adjacent to one another, a conductive circulator pattern (10) printed on the first or second member and arranged between the first and the second member. The first substrate extends beyond the second substrate on an area where a first set of terminals is provided rendering the first set of terminals accessible. The second member extends beyond the first member on an area where a second set of terminals is provided rendering the second set of terminals accessible. The unit comprises first (7) and second ground (8) conductors arranged on each side of the first and second members and furthermore comprises at least one magnet (5, 6) or coil for providing magnetic field through the first and second member.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device, in which metal members which form a metal case can be resistance-welded stably and reliably, having high reliability and satisfactory characteristics, a communication device using the nonreciprocal circuit device, and a method of manufacturing the nonreciprocal circuit device. Protruding portions are formed at two places on each side wall of an upper metal case. The upper metal case and a lower metal case are bonded together by resistance welding the two side walls of the lower metal case to the two side walls of the upper metal case at the protruding portions.

Abstract: A dielectric-waveguide attenuator, a dielectric-waveguide terminator, and a wireless apparatus incorporating the same in which the length of a dielectric waveguide is shortened in a direction in which an electromagnetic wave propagates to reduce the size of the overall module. The two parts of a split dielectric strip are placed between an upper conductive plate and a lower conductive plate to form the dielectric waveguide, and a substrate having at least two resistance-film patterns formed thereon is positioned between the two dielectric strips. With this arrangement, the resistance films both attenuate signals and also discontinuously change line impedance at a plurality of places and synthesize the electromagnetic waves reflected at the parts where the line impedance discontinuously changes so that the reflected waves cancel each other.

Abstract: A substrate-type non-reciprocal circuit element comprises a substrate, a ferrite embedded in the substrate, a central electrode formed on the ferrite at one principal surface of the substrate, a plurality of signal conductors formed on the one principal surface of the substrate to extend from the central electrode into a plurality of different outward directions, a first ground electrode formed on the one principal surface of the substrate, separately from the central electrode and the plurality of signal conductors, and a second ground electrode formed on the other principal surface of the substrate and electrically connected to the first ground electrode. Thus, the substrate-type non-reciprocal circuit element can be easily electrically connected to a measurement machine, to enable to precisely and easily measure an electrical characteristics with a good repeatability.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element includes a microstrip TMn10 resonator (n is a positive integer) with a metal disk and branches projecting from the metal disk in a trigonally symmetric structure, and a ferrite magnetic body spontaneously magnetized and coaxially disposed on the microstrip TMn10 resonator. The metal disk and the branches are formed on a non-magnetic dielectric board having a ground conductor on its bottom face. The ferrite magnetic body is arranged so that a position of an electric field node matches to one of the branches.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device which can be connected to a balanced circuit without going through a balun, and a communication device which includes the nonreciprocal circuit device. An isolator generally includes a circuit board, a lower metal case, a center electrode assembly, an upper metal case, a permanent magnet, a resistor, and matching capacitors. The circuit board comprises an insulating substrate, such as a glass epoxy substrate or a ferrite substrate, on which are formed an unbalanced input terminal, balanced output terminals (i.e., differential output terminals), a grounding terminal, and a half-wave line which interconnects the balanced output terminals.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal circuit element for transmitting a signal in one way or cyclically transmitting the signal by using circuit means having at least a ferrite (34), transmission lines (31, 32, and 33), and a capacitor (21), has:

Abstract: A compact and highly reliable nonreciprocal circuit device can be manufactured at low cost. Marking is clearly performed on a surface of the nonreciprocal circuit device. In a method of manufacturing the nonreciprocal circuit device, after components constituting the device are joined together, solder is applied at portions where the components are bonded with each other. The magnetic force of a permanent magnet is adjusted and then laser marking is performed on a surface of a metal case. Next, the nonreciprocal circuit device is heated to perform together solder bonding, thermal aging of the permanent magnet, and the removal of stains left due to marking. Then, after checking the characteristics of the device, delivery inspection is conducted to complete the manufacturing process.

Abstract: Circuits having active devices, a pattern for a circulator or isolator, and ferrite are formed on a semiconductor microwave-millimeter wave circuit substrate. The ferrite is embedded in a dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate is oppositely aligned with the semiconductor microwave-millimeter wave circuit substrate having the pattern for the circulator or the like. Thus, the pattern is coupled with the ferrite so as to structure the circulator or isolator.

Abstract: A nonreciprocal circuit device requires less layout space when single-board capacitors are used, and meets demands for a smaller and lighter configuration. An isolator (nonreciprocal circuit device) comprises a ferrite, a permanent magnet applying a direct current magnetic field to the ferrite, a plurality of central electrodes respectively having ports disposed on the ferrite and a single-based matching capacitor with capacitor electrodes formed on both surfaces of a dielectric substrate such that the capacitor electrodes are opposed to each other and sandwich the dielectric substrate. In various embodiments, the permanent magnet and/or; the ferrite has a square shape and the capacitor electrodes of the matching capacitors are arranged at an angle of 60 to 90 degrees with respect a mounting surface and the matching capacitors are disposed so as to surround the sides of the ferrite.