Abstract: A waveguide for the transmission of electromagnetic energy which has a low attenuation even with a small line cross-section realized by disposing in the interior of an electromagnetically shielded hollow cylinder, consisting of a substance having a low permittivity, a dielectric wire of a substance having a high permittivity. An E.sub.om -wave (m = 1, 2, 3 . . . , circular H field) is excited in the dielectric wire and the dimensioning of the dielectric wire is such, depending on the permittivities of the two substances and the particular operating frequency, that a TEM wave develops at least substantially in the space in the dielectric hollow cylinder. In the simplest case, the electromagnetic shield can consist of a metal tube and the dielectric hollow cylinder can consist primarily of air. Furthermore, the E.sub.om wave excited in the dielectric wire is preferably the E.sub.01 wave (TM.sub.01 mode).

Abstract: A broadband isolator design wherein the amount of insertion loss may be traded for bandwidth and possibly reduced circuit complexity. The isolator may employ two windings or conductors with the neutralizing element connected across the input-output terminals, or may have a third winding placed to bisect the angle between the other windings and the neutralizing element coupled across this third winding. The angle between the windings and the isolator interconnection determine the specific bandwidth and insertion loss.

Abstract: Two sectoral radial resonators coupled at their centers of radii by a strip transmission line and doubly loaded with opposing ferrimagnetic spheres between the said strip transmission line and the ground planes provides a frequency selective power limiter.

Abstract: An expansion joint for connecting sections of waveguide includes a plurality of spacer discs mounted on a plurality of guide rods. The guide rods are rigidly affixed to a termination member. Washer type springs are employed between the individual spacer discs on the guide rods for controlling increases and decreases in the space between the discs and, hence, compensating for contraction and expansion, respectively, of the waveguide sections while maintaining a uniform electrical path through the joint. Additional spacer discs having various thicknesses are also employed to allow for a predetermined maximum initial length adjustment within a prescribed tolerance.

Abstract: In a surface wave isolator consisting of two gyromagnetic slabs a conductive strip between said slabs, means to establish a magnetizing field within said slabs, a two part load is associated side by side with said slabs and the strip extends also between the two parts of the load. A first part of the load is a continuous load parallel to the strip, a second part of the load is a plurality of localized absorbing means placed along the propagation axis and parallel to said strip. The impedance of the localized absorbing means is matched to the impedance of an unwanted parasitic propagation mode at the corresponding place.

Abstract: A corrugated elliptical waveguide comprises a unitary, fluid-impervious, corrugated metallic tube with a substantially elliptical cross section. The corrugated tube is permanently twisted about its longitudinal axis for connecting two terminals having their E planes out of register with each other. The twist is uniformly distributed along a predetermined length of the corrugated tube. The twist is formed by twisting a corrugated circular waveguide about its longitudinal axis and simultaneously converting the circular cross section to an elliptical cross section, thereby causing the twist to be set in the elliptical waveguide.

Abstract: An isolator for ultra-high frequencies provides a broadband characteristic by simulating a carved-out copper block with stacked copper laminates. Internal structures are formed by photolithographic processing of the copper sheets. Ferrite elements and a unilateralizing resistor are captivated within the stack of sheets which provides inductance, capacitance and optimal ground return paths, as well as heat sinking for the resistor. No external matching network or tuning is required.

Abstract: Isolators and asymmetrical circulators of the non-reciprocal type employing tapered conductors positioned upon a ferrimagnetic member wherein means are provided for creating a localized non-uniform D.C. magnetic field in the region of one edge of the tapered conductor and of a field strength sufficient to cause the ferrimagnetic slab to create a magnetic resonance condition within a predetermined frequency range.In one embodiment the non-uniform localized magnetic field is produced by a magnetic member positioned along said one edge.In another embodiment the magnetic member may be eliminated and the said one edge may be aligned with or extended beyond one edge of the ferrimagnetic slab to obtain the non-uniform magnetic field.

Abstract: An FM/CW radar system which uses a single duplexed antenna, in which high degree of isolation of the transmission signal from the receiver is provided by passive power limiter devices employing the subsidiary resonance mode of narrow linewidth ferrite materials. In devices which are magnetically biased for operation in the subsidiary resonance mode, strong r.f. fields resonantly couple to spin waves, thus causing power absorption for signals at the frequency of incidence which exceed a predetermined threshold. A signal exceeding the threshold is attenuated over a narrow band at the frequency of incidence while the weak FM/CW target echo return signals are transmitted to the receiver with very low loss, provided their frequency displacement is of the order of 15 MHz from the frequency of incidence.

Abstract: A ferrite circulator for use in the frequency range 1 GHz to 1,000 GHz, wherein a ferrite cylinder is disposed in a junction of three equiangularly arranged high permittivity dielectric waveguides that are adjacent to a conductive image plane with a plastic film therebetween and a magnet establishing magnetic field in the ferrite cylinder normal to the image plane; also disclosed is a ferrite isolator for use in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 1,000 GHz including a ferrite slab disposed adjacent to one side of a high permittivity dielectric waveguide disposed adjacent to a conductive image plane with a plastic film therebetween, a resistance film disposed adjacent to a conductive image plane, a resistance film disposed adjacent to the ferrite slab, and a magnet for establishing a magnetic field in the waveguide and the ferrite slab disposed normal to the image plane; there further are disclosed switches, modulators, phase shifters and transceivers incorporating such ferrite circulators and isolators.

Abstract: A high level broadband VHF isolator using surface propagation made of the waves comprises two gyromagnetic slabs on both sides of a planar metal sheet acting as a double mode transformer or wave launcher between the two terminals of the isolator and the gyromagnetic medium and magnetizing means. The width of the mode transformer is smaller than that of the slabs and radiating slots are provided along at least one side parallel to the propagation direction. The magnetizing field value corresponds to the gyromagnetic resonance at the mid-frequency of the operating band in the neighborhood of the slots and lower elsewhere. Magnetic means are provided to compensate for the temperature variation of the ferrite properties.

Abstract: A novel microwave power divider is disclosed that is a combination of an ort junction circulator and a novel isolator-mismatch device for each circulator port other than one input port and divides microwave signal power incident to the input port into any desired ratio among the output ports and isolates all the ports from microwave power reflected back toward the divider after being propagated through the divider and thus prevents interaction among line devices, e.g. amplifier units, that are fed by the output ports. Also a novel microwave power combiner is disclosed that is a combination of an N-port junction circulator and a novel isolator-reflector device for each port other than one output port to combine at the one output port identical microwave signals or microwave signals that differ in frequency or phase incident to the isolator-reflector devices. The microwave power combiner, like the microwave power divider, provides isolation among the signal transmission lines.

Abstract: A broadband slot line non reciprocal microwave device which comprises a matched load placed on the face of a ferrite plate which is located within the microwave magnetic field of the slot line, said face being opposite to said slot and designed so that its height is larger than 3 times the width of the slot and its length is at least equal to a half wavelength as propagated within the slot at the maximum operating frequency. Said matched load may be a second slot line or a lossy ferrite plate. The device operates as an isolator with more than 20 dB isolation. It can be designed as a four port circulator.

Abstract: A non-reciprocal signal path for RF over a broadband frequency range is provided by an isolator comprising two coils or meshes positioned at 90.degree. to each other adjacent at least one gyromagnetic or ferrite disc which is magnetically biased by a static magnetic field. Each coil is tuned by a parallel capacitor, each coil and capacitor having one end grounded to a surrounding electromagnetic shield. A resistive unilateralizing element is coupled between the input and output terminals and, being essentially non-reactive, provides the broadband characteristic. The energy from the reverse direction is dissipated externally in the resistive element. A magnetic return path of a high permeability material allows the use of smaller biasing magnets and reduces the effects of external magnetic fields.

Abstract: A novel microwave power divider is disclosed that is a combination of an N-port junction circulator and a novel isolator-mismatch device for each circulator port other than one input port and divides microwave signal power incident to the input port into any desired ratio among the output ports and isolates all the ports from microwave power reflected back toward the divider after being propagated through the divider and thus prevents interaction among line devices, e.g. amplifier units, that are fed by the output ports. Also a novel microwave power combiner is disclosed that is a combination of an N-port junction circulator and a novel isolator-reflector device for each port other than one output port to combine at the one output port identical microwave signals or microwave signals that differ in frequency or phase incident to the isolator-reflector devices. The microwave power combiner, like the microwave power divider, provides isolation among the signal transmission lines.

Abstract: A magnetic transmission device using the edge-guided mode of propagation includes a magnetic dielectric slab having a conductor plate member mounted thereon adapted to be magnetized perpendicular to a ground plane on which the slab is placed. The conductor plate member is partially short-circuited to the ground plane.

Abstract: An edge-guided mode microstrip device similar to an edge-guided mode isolr having opposed straight and tapered edges along which microwave energy is adapted to travel with the exception that in the subject invention the thickness of the ferrite substrate underlying one tapered edge is abruptly changed in order to obtain mismatch thereat causing energy traveling along said one tapered edge to be reflected back along the same edge to the port whence it came. Coupling a microwave power amplifier to a port of a microwave circulator by means of a respective power reflector according to the subject invention provides a simple yet effective power combiner for microwave signals.

Abstract: An edge-guided mode microstrip device having a pair of input ports and a mon output port, with two separate ferrite substrates each having a microstrip conductor electrically connected between a respective input port and the common output port. Both microstrip conductors additionally each have a conductive or inner edge spanned by a resistive film which acts as a resistive load. The other or outside conductive edge of each of the conductors includes an exponentially tapered segment which when a predetermined biasing magnetic field is applied transversely relative to the field of the substrates, causes input microwave energy at the two input ports to travel along the respective exponentially tapered edges and combine at the common output port. Any reflective energy returning from the output port will travel along the inner edges and be absorbed in the resistive load.

Abstract: A planar Y-junction microwave circulator formed by depositing on a ferrite substrate a metallization pattern consisting of a central resonant disc and three transmission line ports radially extending from the periphery of the disc at junctions spaced apart by 120.degree.. The transmission characteristics of the circulator are controlled by a DC magnetic field which biases the ferrite. Wide-band operation on the order of one octave is achieved by using larger port coupling angles and a smaller disc radius than are conventionally used.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved ferrite circulator particularly adapted for use as an isolator in VHF and UHF transmission systems. It comprises a pair of relatively thick ground plates to which are attached three or more equally spaced coaxial connectors forming circulator ports. A pair of elongated magnetic members extend between the ground plates from opposite sides of the circulator junction to a location between the ground plates remote from the junction. A resilient permanent magnet is movable between the magnetic members at the remote location to provide simple and rapid tuning by adjustment of the permanent magnet field across the junction.