Abstract: A multiferroic material for magnetic and electric switching including Iron selenide (Fe3Se4) nanoparticles and its derivatives or doped with at least one element selected from transitional metals, rare earths elements or combination of the two and chalcogens. Ferroelectric polarization and coupling of magnetic and ferroelectric behavior in the doped Fe3Se4 is observed at a temperature ranging from 15 to 30° C.

Abstract: A tankless water heater for use in a recreational vehicle uses one or more water chambers, each with a heating element, through which cold water flows and is heated. The system is connected to the alternating current of the recreational vehicle and controls the water temperature by sending the current through one or more TRIACs that change the firing angle of the current in order to increase or decrease power flow to the heating elements depending on the sensed temperature of the outflowing water that is compared against the selected temperature or to match the amount of power flow desired to be sent to the heating elements. The user selects whether to control the unit via a temperature selection or an amount of power flow selection.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solenoid housing and to a method for providing a solenoid housing having the base, wall, center pole, and flange integrally connected as a single piece. The instant invention provides for mounting protrusions and window for electrical leads as an integral part of the housing and manufacturing process.

Abstract: A latching relay has a fixed iron core including an exciting coil wound around an intermediate portion and a magnetic pole piece at two ends; movable iron pieces sandwiching a permanent magnet between two bar-shaped iron pieces disposed in parallel with each other, and are fixed with a holder; and a switchable electrical contact portion. The fixed iron core and the movable iron pieces are disposed facing each other to insert each of the magnetic pole pieces on two sides of the fixed iron core to be spaced apart in a space between the two bar-shaped iron pieces of two end portions of the movable iron pieces. The movable iron pieces are supported pivotally in a direction in which the two bar-shaped iron pieces are aligned. The movable iron pieces are linked to the electrical contact portion, and the movable iron pieces perform a switching of the electrical contact portion.

Abstract: Actuator which can be actuated electromagnetically includes a coil, a magnetically conductive actuator sleeve being fixed in the magnetic field thereof. The magnetic field passes radially from the actuator sleeve to an axially movable armature and passes axially in the area of a pole plane from the armature to a return member which is stationary with respect to the actuator and, in so doing, generates a magnetic force which displaces the armature. The actuator sleeve for the magnetic flux of the coil has at least two functionally parallel passage areas having different cross sections for receiving the armature which has a conducting profile complementary to the actuator sleeve.

Abstract: In an electromagnetic switching apparatus, a fixed core is fixedly-installed at a lower side, and a movable core driven by an electromagnetic force is installed at an upper side so as to be directly connected to a movable contact. This may require no shaft, and thus simplify the entire structure.

Abstract: An electrical switching device includes first and second circuit assemblies. Each of the first and second circuit assemblies includes a base terminal and a moveable terminal movable between an open state and a closed state. The movable terminal is electrically connected to the base terminal in the closed state. An actuator assembly is electromechanically controlled by a motor. The actuator assembly includes a pivot member rotated by the motor that has a post extending outward from a pivot body. An actuator is moved by the pivot member and is movable between a first position and a second position. The actuator is operatively coupled to the moveable terminals of the first and second circuit assemblies. The actuator moves the movable terminals to the closed state as the actuator is moved from the first position to the second position. The actuator has a pocket with a compression spring received in the pocket. The compression spring extends between a first end and a second end. The first end engages the actuator.

Abstract: A relay comprises a movable body placed in a cavity which is formed on a substrate and surrounded by a spacer layer and sealed by a cover layer. The movable body comprises a first magnet which is permanently magnetized and has at least a first end. A nearby switching electromagnet, when energized, produces a switching magnetic field which is primarily perpendicular to the magnetization direction of the first magnet and exerts a magnetic torque on the first magnet to force the first magnet and said movable body to rotate and close an electrical conduction path at the first end. Changing the direction of the electrical current in the switching electromagnet changes the direction of the switching magnetic field and thus the direction of the magnetic torque on the first magnet, and causes the first magnet and said movable body to rotate in an opposite direction and opens the electrical conduction path at the first end.

Abstract: An electromechanical relay employing a movable first magnet and a nearby switching electromagnet is disclosed. The movable first magnet is permanently magnetized with a magnetic moment and has at least a first end. The switching electromagnet, when energized, produces a switching magnetic field which is primarily perpendicular to the magnetization direction of the first movable magnet and exerts a magnetic torque on the first magnet to force the first magnet to rotate and closes an electrical conduction path at the first end. Changing the direction of the electrical current in the switching electromagnet changes the direction of the switching magnetic field and thus the direction of the magnetic torque on the first magnet, and causes the first magnet to rotate in an opposite direction and opens the electrical conduction path at the first end. Multiple magnetic layers can be arranged to form closed magnetic circuits to facilitate switching and maintaining switched states.

Abstract: An electrical contact assembly includes a magnetic latch solenoid for actuating a moveable contact of a contact pair. The magnetic latch solenoid includes a magnet that latches the contact assembly in an open position, and a coil that moves an armature to the latched position under current in one polarity, and disrupts the permanent magnet field to release the armature from the latched position under current in a reverse polarity. A spring biases the contacts to the closed position. The spring is separate from the magnetic latch solenoid. The contact assembly may also include a printed circuit board for providing pulses to the coil to operate the assembly. The contact assembly is part of a remote operated circuit breaker assembly.

Abstract: An electronic type protective relay integrates the mechanical structure into a single operation rod to protect electric machinery. The electronic type protective relay includes an insulating shell, a tripping rod, a magnetic-force device and an operation device. The tripping rod is pivoted in the inner part of the insulating shell and conducts two pairs of connection pins. The tripping rod includes a control magnetic core. The magnetic-force device includes a tripping electromagnet, a reset electromagnet, and a permanent magnet installed between the tripping electromagnet and the reset electromagnet. The operation device includes an auxiliary rod located on one side of the tripping rod, an operation rod installed between the tripping rod and the auxiliary rod and protruding beyond the insulating shell. The operation rod can be located at four locations and in cooperation with the auxiliary rod to stop or reset.

Abstract: The electrical switching device comprises at least a first part comprising at least a first magnetizable element and a first contact zone associated with said first magnetizable element, and at least a second movable part comprising at least a second magnetic element and a second contact zone associated with said second magnetic element. The first or second magnetic element comprises at least one permanent magnetization part to keep the first electrical contact closed and to exert a contact pressure between the first and second contact zones when the movable part is in a first stable position. The electromagnetic relay and/or electrical apparatus comprise electrical contact inputs and control inputs connected to a switching device comprising electromagnetic control coils.

Abstract: A stopping noise reduction circuit for a start motor comprises a battery generating a power supply to drive the start motor, a key switch for controlling an on/off of the power supply, a solenoid having a permanent magnet, P and H coils, and a movement contact to drive the start motor, and further comprises a B1 terminal grounded inside the solenoid, an M1 terminal connected to an M terminal of the start motor, and a resistor coupled with the B1 or M1 terminal. In the stopping noise reduction circuit, upon an off condition of the key switch, the movement contact of the solenoid is connected to the B1 and M1 terminals such that more induced current than an induced current flowing into the P and H coils, in a current induced by a rotator of the start motor, flows to ground via the resistor within a short flow time.

Abstract: A switch of the present invention is featured as one employing: a contact to make and break an electrical circuit, and an electromagnet, both of which are installed in a case, and a handle to make and break the contact by operation from outside of the case, wherein a permanent magnet is installed with one of its poles facing the electromagnet inside of the handle, and wherein the direction of the current passing through the electromagnet is changed so that the permanent magnets are attracted to or released from the electromagnet, and thereby the contact is opened or closed.

Abstract: A load-disconnecting switch has a permanent-magnetic holding circuit. A coil (5), upon excitation thereof, generates a magnetic flux that is opposite to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet (9). The armature (6) is biassed to an open position by an armature spring (10), so that the armature spring (10), when a defined operational excitation is exceeded, detaches the armature (6) from the core (7) of the magnet system, allowing said armature to open and thereby disconnecting a switching contact (15) and a fixed contact (16). The load-disconnecting switch can be switched on again by means of a spring clip (12) acting on said armature (6).

Abstract: The invention relates to a microrelay comprising a magnetic spool, a contact support body (2) within which contacts are arranged, a permanent magnet (32) and an armature (31) which is tiltable around it's axis between two positions, as well as a spring-loaded reversing system. The inventive micro relay is characterized in that the magnetic spool system (1) is configured as a flat spool system (1) in the form of a microstructure arranged on a flow plate (11) and is composed of at least one flat microspool (12′). The pivoting armature (31′) can itself be configured in the form of a three pole magnet (32′) or a two pole magnet (32″). The inventive microrelay has a minimal overall height and can be produced in a cost effective way in an automated manufacturing process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a switch with a rocker, which has an affixed magnet, capable of being reliably opened or closed by a mechanical operation of a magnetized rocker. The present invention comprises of a supporting plate and a plurality of electromagnets occurring a magnetic force when a power is supplied thereto and being disposed in a bottom surface of the supporting plate. Further, the present invention has a rocker made of a magnetic substance, magnetized in order to occur repulsion with the electromagnet and then rotated by a predetermined angle. Furthermore, the present invention at least one magnet for magnetizing the rocker and retaining an inclined state of the rocker by the if occurred attraction with the electromagnet, and being disposed on the rocker.

Abstract: A hook selection device for a weaving loom dobby head where the dobby includes a bottom board carrying hooks and an upper part for supporting the selection device. The upper part moves relative to the bottom board and includes rigid heald shafts provided with a catch corresponding to each hook on the bottom board. The position of each catch relative to a corresponding hook being controlled by an electromagnetic device having a coil. Each rigid heald shaft has a portion made of magnetic material and is mounted on the upper part so as to pivot about a pin. The selection device creates a permanent magnetic field in a region of the selection device having the heald shaft. The coil and permanent magnetic field drive the heald shaft to pivot either into a first position to permit entrainment of a catch and corresponding hook and a second position which does not permit entrainment.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator has an iron core around which a coil is wound; two permanent magnets, the same poles of which are placed on the ends of the core which extend beyond the coil and which have the same direction of polarity; magnetic poles formed on either end of the iron core; a yoke which connects the poles of the magnets opposite those which face the core; and an iron armature which is supported by a fulcrum on the yoke in such a way that it is free to rotate around the fulcrum, and which has on either end a magnetic pole which faces one of the poles of the core.

Abstract: A switching apparatus including an electromagnetic command device fitted with a magnetic circuit made up of a main circuit polarized by a permanent magnet and linked to a depolarizing coil and through a movable circuit integral with a movable support subject to a return spring and acting directly or indirectly on at least one disconnecting pole. The main magnetic circuit has at least two air gaps in series on the path of the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet and the movable magnetic circuit includes at least two parts capable of closing the air gaps when the main magnetic circuit and the movable magnetic circuit are joined together and are crossed by the magnetic flux created by the permanent magnetic, thereby carrying out a locking function and creating a multiplication of the locking forces, with an unlocking function being provided by the depolarization coil the counter-flux from which crosses the magnetic circuit and air gaps.

Abstract: A latching relay switch assembly which includes a coil section and a switch or contact section. The coil section includes at least one permanent magnet and at least one electromagnet. The respective sections are, generally, arranged in separate locations or cavities in the assembly. The switch is latched by a permanent magnet assembly and selectively switched by an overriding electromagnetic assembly.

Abstract: A switching mechanism actuated into first and second positions by application of current through appropriate respective electromagnets includes a switch structure which insures that current is cut off to the actuating electromagnet upon switching having taken place to a chosen state.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay includes a power supply element of the load circuit which is conducted around a part of the excitation flux circuit by at least one turn so that an auxiliary excitation flux is generated therein isodirectionally with the excitation flux of the winding. A reliable response of the relay is guaranteed even in relays wherein high currents are drawn by the load circuit from the same voltage source that delivers the excitation voltage, such as in relays in motor vehicles.

Abstract: A torque motor (M) for the hydraulic potentiometer (P) of a servo-distributor intended in particular for the control of jacks and hydraulic motors, comprising magnets fixed to fixed members (1, 2) in which an armature (3) is arranged whose ends are separated from the fixed members (1, 2) by air-gaps (y) and around which armature are mounted two induction coils (4, 5) which are capable of being supplied with electrical current, and a blade (12) which is fixed by one of its ends to a flexion tube (9) which is connected to the armature (3) by its corresponding end. There are four parallelepipedal or cylindrical magnets (23, 24, 25, 26), which are made of a suitable alloy with a strong coercive field, one pair of which is placed at each end of the armature (3). These magnets are easier to manufacture, to machine and to fix in the motor than conventional magnets and at the same time have a much higher coercive field.

Abstract: A bi-stable magnetically latched electromagnetic device has an E-shaped frame, a rocker-type armature spanning the distal ends of the two outer legs of the frame, with the mid-region of the armature being pivotally supported on the distal end of the center leg for reciprocal movement between alternative stable positions, and first and second electrically interconnected helical coils each encircling a magnetizable core in a different one of the two interleg spaces of the frame. First and second permanent magnets are disposed between the base of the frame and the first and second coils, respectively, and first and second magnetic flux diverters are interposed between the respectively associated coils and magnets. The coils are connected to relatively positive and negative control power terminals via selectively operative means for providing alternative first and second current paths.

Abstract: A magnetically operated proximity device is provided with a pivotal armature formed as a hat in cross section with two L-shaped members, one being longer and greater in mass than the other. The horizontal leg of each L-shaped member is arranged such as to contact an electrical contact. The greater surface area of the L-shaped members enhance the sensitivity of the device, with the horizontal leg of each L-shaped member extending over a different pole face of a permanent magnet.

Abstract: A polarized electromagnetic relay includes a flat-shaped armature pivotally supported at its center, an electromagnet with a pair of pole members extending toward the armature ends on either side of the center pivot axis, and a three-pole magnetized permanent magnet bridging between the pole members in generally parallel relation with the armature. A pair of movable contact springs extends along the lateral sides of the armature and joined at its center portion to the armature to be movable therewith. Integrally formed with each movable contact spring is a pivot arm which extends transversely from the center thereof and is fixedly secured to a relay casing. The pivot arm defines itself a resilient torsion element of limited deformability by which the armature is supported on the relay casing and is permitted to pivot about the center pivot axis for movement between the two angular positions.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay has a casing of electrically insulative material which is divided by an insulating partition into a coil space for receiving an electromagnet and a switching space for receiving a contact assembly. An armature is magnetically coupled to the electromagnet and is operatively connected to the contact assembly for switching contact operation thereof in response to energization of the electromagnet. The partition extends along the entire length of the electromagnet without leaving any communication path between the coil space and the switching space, such that the electromagnet in the coil space can be insulatively separated from the contact assembly in the switching space within the length of the electromagnet.

Abstract: An electromagnetic relay comprises a bobbin carrying a coil and having a longitudinal central bore through which an armature extends. A permanent magnet is disposed between the central webs of two generally U-shaped yokes, the legs of the yokes having end portions cooperating with end sections of the armature which project from the central bore of the bobbin. The armature is pivotal about a fulcrum formed near its one end, whereas the other end of the armature carries an actuating card for driving a contact spring disposed at the side, and parallel to, the bobbin. The contact spring is fixed at one end to a first contact terminal and has its other end disposed between two fixed contacts connected to second and third contact terminals. The three contact terminals are disposed along a line generally extending parallel to the bobbin. The coil is connected to two or three coil terminals arranged at the other side of the bobbin along a line which also extends generally parallel to the bobbin.

Abstract: A relay comprises an elongate armature which is seated at one end in a carrier of insulating material. Movable contact springs are anchored in the carrier and comprise extensions which emerge from the carrier and are secured in a base with respective fastening portions. Such extension of the respective contact springs forms a terminal lug integrated as a one-piece structure with the contact, as well as a friction-free bearing for the armature without provision of an additional bearing element.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a control unit comprising a series of electromagnets for actuating juxtaposed or superposed mobile armature members. A cover locked in an frame contains a series of cores maintained in position by abutment of coil supports and by a plate. The latter supports a printed circuit connected to the coils and to a cable. The frame cover assembly is filled with a mass of injected resin. The invention is particularly applicable to textile equipment (dobbies).

Abstract: A rotary actuator is disclosed useful in controlling throttle settings on internal combustion engines. The angular displacement of the actuator shaft is a function of the current applied to the actuator. In the disclosed embodiment the relationship between current and angular displacement has three distinct regions: increasing displacement, linear displacement and decreasing displacement with respect to applied current. These regions are matched to the engine characteristics to produce a desired response from the engine. The actuator consists of a rotor biased by a coil spring to a first position and displaceable to a plurality of intermediate positions by magnetic actuation from pole pieces associated with current carrying coils. The arrangement and configuration of the rotor and pole pieces produce the desired three region response characteristic.

Abstract: A tripping device for a circuit breaker combines the functions of a current transformer and trip actuator. The device comprises a core member, and an armature disposed in relationship to the core member to establish first and second magnetic circuits. A primary winding carrying load current of an associated circuit interrupter is coupled to the first magnetic circuit and a secondary winding is coupled to the second magnetic circuit, the secondary winding having a temperature dependent switching resistor connected across its output. The armature is movable between normal and trip positions. Low to moderate overloads cause the resistor to heat and switch to a lower resistance, thereby permitting increased current to flow in the secondary winding. This generates magnetic flux opposing the flux produced by the primary winding to lower the net flux in the second magnetic circuit. Magnetic forces on the armature thereby become unbalanced, allowing the armature to move to the trip position.

Abstract: A magnetically actuated proximity device or switch is provided with an armature formed as a shallow U that is pivoted at its center and arranged with the legs of the U directed toward the pole faces of a pair of permanent magnets. The particular shape increases the sensitivity of the device and the force available for operating contacts or other output devices in response to the diversion of flux from an end of the armature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly of protective device and more particularly to an assembly of a leakage detective device with a no-fuse breaker, and an actuating mechanism, using the no-fuse breaker as the interrupter of the leakage protective device to interrupt the malfunction circuit of leakage current by virtue of its large interrupting capacity to maintain the electrical safety.

Abstract: In a multi-polar electromagnetically energized rotary indicator each of the pole pieces is associated with a significantly isolated flux path, which, at one end of the turning axis of the rotor part of the indicator, leads diametrically to a flux concentrator displaced 180.degree. from the pole piece in question. In a particular embodiment, this result is realized by a system of separate but mutually nested bridging parts of ferromagnetic material, each of which defines an essentially independent flux path. Other embodiments provide quasi-independent flux paths serving a similar electromagnetic function. An arrangement for sensing the response of an indicator is described.