Abstract: A thermal fuse for an electrical circuit is described, with a contact arm by way of which two electrical conductors are electrically conductively connected to each other, wherein the connection of the contact arm to at least one of the two conductors is a soldered joint, which loses its strength when a activation temperature of the fuse is reached. In accordance with this disclosure a permanent magnet is provided, which generates a magnetic force, which lifts the contact arm from at least one of the two conductors as soon as the soldered joint loses its strength.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a temperature sensitive system. The system includes a powder, a detector, a first electrode, a second electrode and an actuator. The powder, the detector, the first electrode, the second electrode and the actuator are connected to form a loop circuit. The actuator can deform in response to temperature change so that the circuit to be on or off. The detector is connected to the actuator in parallel or in series and configured to show the current change of the loop circuit to the user. The actuator includes a carbon nanotube layer and a vanadium dioxide layer (VO2) layer stacked with each other. Because the drastic, reversible phase transition of VO2, the actuator has giant deformation amplitude and fast response and the temperature sensitive system has high sensitivity.

Abstract: A temperature-compensated resonator including a body used in deformation, and a core of the body is formed by a material that is one of glass, ceramic glass, technical ceramic, and metallic glass. At least one part of the body includes a coating whose Young's modulus variation with temperature is of an opposite sign to that of the material used for the core, so that at least a first order frequency variation with temperature of the resonator is substantially zero.

Abstract: A method for classifying articles comprising magnetocalorically active material according to magnetic transition temperature comprises providing a source of articles to be classified, the source comprising articles comprising magnetocalorically active materials having differing magnetic transition temperatures, sequentially applying a magnetic field at differing temperatures to the source, the magnetic field being sufficient to exert a magnetic force on the source that is greater than the inertia of a fraction of the articles causing the fraction of the articles to move and produce an article fraction, and collecting the article fraction at each temperature to provide a plurality of separate article fractions of differing magnetic transition temperature, thus classifying the articles comprising magnetocalorically active material according to magnetic transition temperature.

Abstract: A thermomagnetic sensor includes a thermomagnetic probe that includes a ferromagnetic material having a temperature-dependent magnetic permeability characterized by a maximum magnetic permeability value at a temperature below a Curie temperature of the ferromagnetic material. The thermomagnetic sensor further includes an alternating magnetic field source to produce an alternating magnetic field in a vicinity of the thermomagnetic probe to facilitate a measurement of the temperature-dependent magnetic permeability as function of temperature remotely using a thermomagnetic effect. A predetermined relationship between the temperature-dependent magnetic permeability and temperature in a range between the maximum magnetic permeability value and the Curie temperature provides a measurement of a temperature local to the thermomagnetic probe.

Abstract: An actuator includes a first part having a magnetomotive element and configured to absorb heat up to at least a first temperature; a second part arranged so as to face the first part; a temperature-sensitive magnetic body provided between the first part and the second part and configured to move between a first position for contact with the first part and a second position for contact with the second part, the temperature-sensitive magnetic body having a Curie point lower than the first temperature and higher than a temperature of the second part; and a restoring part configured to restore the temperature-sensitive magnetic body from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: A temperature switch comprises a material (14) which melts and concomitantly undergoes a change in an electrical characteristic at a predetermined temperature. The temperature switch also includes at least two electrical contacts (10, 12) for detecting the change in the electrical characteristic. The material (14) comprises an organic cation and an anion and is preferably an ionic liquid.

Abstract: A fault interrupter and load break switch includes a trip assembly configured to automatically open a transformer circuit electrically coupled to stationary contacts of the switch upon the occurrence of a fault condition. The fault condition causes a Curie metal element electrically coupled to at least one of the stationary contacts to release a magnetic latch. The release causes a trip rotor of the trip assembly to rotate a rotor assembly. This rotation causes ends of a movable contact of the rotor assembly to electrically disengage the stationary contacts, thereby opening the circuit. The switch also includes a handle for manually opening and closing the electrical circuit in fault and non-fault conditions. Actuation of the handle coupled to the rotor assembly via a spring-loaded rotor causes the movable contact ends to selectively engage or disengage the stationary contacts.

Abstract: A temperature switch comprises a material (14) which melts and concomitantly undergoes a change in an electrical characteristic at a predetermined temperature. The temperature switch also includes at least two electrical contacts (10, 12) for detecting the change in the electrical characteristic. The material (14) comprises an organic cation and an anion and is preferably an ionic liquid.

Abstract: A nanoswitch device comprising: at least one stationary element (52) and at least one element (50) which is at least partially made of a magnetic material and which is movable with respect to the stationary element, means of activating the movable element, comprising: and at least one first and one second magnetic means (30, 30?, 40, 40?) each having a planar shape, defining a first and a second plane, in order to generate remanent magnetization in a direction contained within said first plane or perpendicular to this first plane, means (36, 36?) for reversing the direction of the remanent magnetization of at least one of said first and second magnetic means.

Abstract: The invention describes a control unit of a valve mechanism with an electromagnetic coil (1) where the electromagnetic coil (1) is electrically and mechanically connected to the control unit via a connection device which has an electrically conducting spring-mounted connecting ridge (10).

Abstract: In a thermal switch device having a reed switch, a temperature-sensitive magnetic cylinder (1) and cylindrical permanent magnets (2a, 2b) disposed around the reed switch (3), and an insulator case (7), the case is provided with an inner cylinder (5) formed in an inner space of the case. The reed switch is supported in the inner cylinder, and the temperature-sensitive magnetic cylinder and the cylindrical permanent magnets are fitted on the inner cylinder. A heat conductor member (6) is attached to the case to be partially exposed outside the case while partially be in contact with the temperature-sensitive magnetic cylinder and the cylindrical permanent magnets.

Abstract: A magnetic motor is shown having magnetic members situated in relatively close proximity to each other; relative movement between the magnetic members is brought about by bringing the temperature of at least one of the magnetic members to the curie temperature thereof, and subsequent relative movement between the magnetic members is brought about by having the temperatures of all of the magnet members less than the curie temperatures thereof.

Abstract: A temperature operated control system, a temperature operated control device therefor and methods of making the same are provided, the temperature operated control device comprising a support, an electrical reed switch unit carried by the support, the reed switch unit comprising a reed switch and a temperature controlled fixed magnetic unit for causing the reed switch to be in a first operating condition thereof when the temperature sensed by the magnetic unit is at or below a first temperature setting and for causing the reed switch to be in a second operating condition thereof when the temperature sensed by the magnetic unit is at or above a second temperature setting, and a selector unit movably carried by the support and being operatively associated with the reed switch unit to adjust the temperature settings thereof within a certain range of temperature settings as the selector unit is moved relative to the reed switch unit.

Abstract: A new type of reed switch is described. The switch is comprised of a fixed lead and a flexible reed made of a magnetic substance which are contacting in a glass enclosure. Two magnet rods are coaxially arranged in the same direction with a superconducting film therebetween. When the surrounding temperature is descended below Tc of the superconducting film, a dipole moment is formed across the superconducting film and moves the reed away from the lead by the magnetic force thereof.

Abstract: A temperature compensated switching relay with thermally effected switching delay should be of simple and compact construction and reliable in switching with precisely adjustable switching delay. For this purpose, the switching relay comprises a switching member (1) movable between two end positions and bearing a permanent magnet (2), with an inherent snapping action to actuate at least one switching contact (6), on opposite sides of the permanent magnet (2) in its direction of movement a first and a second paramagnetic member (3, 4) is provided, on the first paramagnetic member (3) a PTC resistor (5) feedable by a source of current is mounted, and in the end position of the switching member (1) at the second paramagnetic member (4) the distance (A) of the permanent magnet (2) from the first paramagnetic member (3) is less than its distance (B) from the second paramagnetic member (4). The ratios of the distances of the permanent magnet (2) from the paramagnetic members (3, 4) can expediently be adjusted.

Abstract: A thermal reed switch assembly including two magnetic reed switches having two permanent magnets and at least two semicylindrical thermal magnetic members each having mutually different magnetic tansition points sandwiching the reed switch therebetween. An inner diameter of one thermal magnetic member may be larger than at least a second member therein increasing the sectional area ratio of the members.

Abstract: A magnetic reed switch assembly for activating an electromagnetic grapple utilized to hold a control rod in position above a reactor core. In normal operation the magnetic field of a permanent magnet is short-circuited by a magnetic shunt, diverting the magnetic field away from the reed switch. The magnetic shunt is made of a material having a Curie-point at the desired release temperature. Above that temperature the material loses its ferromagnetic properties, and the magnetic path is diverted to the reed switch which closes and short-circuits the control circuit for the control rod electromagnetic grapple which allows the control rod to drop into the reactor core for controlling the reactivity of the core.

Abstract: A air-flow-rate sensor having a thermo-magnetically operated switch including a U-shaped temperature sensitive ferromagnetic piece, a positive temperature characteristic thermister, and two terminal plates, which are stationarily mounted in an opening chamber of an insulator frame. The two terminal plates are for connecting the thermister to an external electric power source and are in contact with respective input electrodes on opposite surfaces of the thermister. One of the two terminal plates is formed in a generally arcuate form to elastically press the other terminal plate onto the ferromagnetic piece through the thermister. The thermo-magnetically operated switch is fixedly mounted on the frame by fitting its opposite terminals into grooves formed in the inner wall of the frame. Each terminal plate is also fixed to the frame by fitting both ends into another grooves formed in the inner wall of the frame.

Abstract: A thermal switch includes a reed switch surrounded by a centrally located, annular collar made of a ferrite material and a pair of annular permanent magnets spaced from the ends of the ferrite collar and positioned axially toward the ends of the reed switch. The magnetic spacing can be achieved by utilization of non-magnetic spacers, and the entire structure encapsulated to provide further durability, if desired.

Abstract: A miniature latching thermomagnetic relay is disclosed which offers high contact forces, small size, and low cost. Ferromagnetic material is placed upon heaters in a low thermal conductivity substrate. A permanent magnet beneath the substrate attracts a moving element above the substrate. Contact points on the substrate and the moving element from electrical connections.A control signal causes a heater to warm the ferromagnetic material, changing the saturation flux density of the material. This results in an unbalanced force on the moving element, causing it to rock about a pivot point to open or close connections as desired. Planar fabrication techniques may be used to construct the relay.

Abstract: Thermal compensators comprising at least one metallic alloy in amorphous form which are especially useful in stabilizing magnetic devices under conditions of changing ambient operating temperature are provided.

Abstract: A circuit breaker or switch utilizes the Curie point temperature characteristics of an amorphous ferromagnetic metal in cooperation with a magnet to make or interrupt an electrical circuit upon the amorphous material being heated to its Curie point temperature. The circuit breaker has a planar base member with a raised projection which supports a stationary contact member so that the movable contact member overhangs the stationary contact member. The movable contact member is provided with a number of layers of amorphous ferromagnetic material, disposed adjacent the stationary contact, bringing the movable contact member into electrical contact with the stationary contact member. Upon reaching its Curie point temperature, the amorphous ferromagnetic material will become paramagnetic or nonmagnetic material, so that the inherent resiliency of the movable contact material causes the electrical circuit to be made or broken.

Abstract: A temperature-sensitive switch is provided with a resilient movable cantilever composed of amorphous ferromagnetic material having a Curie point. The cantilever is adapted to carry a first contact member. A second contact member is disposed adjacent the first contact member for at least intermittently establishing electrical contact with the first contact member. A magnet is associated with and adapted to bias the cantilever to a first position that establishes electrical continuity between the first and second contact members. The cantilever is transformed from a ferromagnetic phase to a paramagnetic phase when its temperature exceeds the Curie point, whereby the cantilever assumes a second position in which the electrical conductivity is interrupted. The switch is lightweight, compact, economical to manufacture and reliable in operation.

Abstract: A temperature-sensitive relay is provided with a resilient, movable cantilever composed of amorphous ferromagnetic material having a Curie point. The cantilever is adapted to carry a first contact member. A second contact member is disposed adjacent the first contact member for at least intermittently establishing electrical contact with the first contact member. The relay is adapted to be connected to circuitry having a power source for providing an electrical current and a switching mechanism for activating the circuitry in response to a preselected condition. A magnet is associated with and adapted to bias the cantilever to a first position that interrupts electrical continuity between the first and second contact members. The cantilever is transformed from a ferromagnetic phase to a paramagnetic phase when its temperature exceeds the Curie point, whereby the cantilever assumes a second position in which the electrical continuity is established.

Abstract: Thermostat comprises a heat sensitive body of ferromagnetic material and a movable magnet cooperating therewith. A pair of a contacts which are closed or open depending upon the position of the magnet are provided where the position in turn depends upon the temperature dependant magnetic properties of the sensitive body. The magnet is exposed to a counter force, that is oppositely directed to the attraction force, and a spring force on a pair of contacts has a contact making action in one position of the magnet and a contact opening action in another position of the magnet. More particularly the counter force and the spring force are exerted by one and the same snap spring, that acts between the movable contact formed as a contact tongue and the magnet.

Abstract: A temperature switch includes a housing, a movable contact mounted in the housing for movement between a first and second position, a fixed contact mounted in the housing and operatively associated with the movable contact for engagement with the movable contact in the second position, a heat sensitive plate mounted in the housing and which constitutes an amorphous metal member with a highly expansible metal wherein the amorphous metal member is exposed to a predetermined region, the temperature of which is to be determined wherein deflection of the heat sensitive plate is caused by a temperature change in the region for movement of the movable contact with respect to the fixed contact.

Abstract: A thermo-magnetically operated switch having lower and higher operating points is maintained open below the lower operating point and above the higher operating point and is maintained closed between the two different operating points, and comprises a reed switch, two permanent magnets disposed alongside the reed switch over the respective reeds, a first ferromagnetic body having a Curie point corresponding to the higher operating point and disposed between the two magnets, and a second ferromagnetic body or bodies having a Curie point corresponding to the lower operating point and disposed along the two magnets. In order to improve reliability of the switch, two third ferromagnetic bodies having Curie points at or above the lower operating point are disposed to engage axial opposite ends of the second ferromagnetic body or bodies and the other pole faces of the magnets opposite the pole faces engage the first ferromagnetic body.

Abstract: A temperature switch includes a housing, a fixed contact positioned in the housing, a movable contact member mounted in the housing carrying a movable contact and urged to first and second positions where the movable contact is in abutment with or displacement from the fixed contact, respectively, a permanent magnet mounted in the housing, a thermally sensitive member mounted in the housing so as to be exposed to a region the temperature of which is to be determined wherein the thermally sensitive member includes a magnetically soft, amorphous metal member and is magnetically coupled to the permanent magnet, and an operating member which includes magnetic material wherein a first end thereof engages the movable contact member and a second end thereof opposite the first end is attracted to the thermally sensitive member against the resilience of the movable contact member, thereby causing displacement of the movable contact to the second position and wherein the thermally sensitive member includes a paramagnet

Abstract: A thermo-magnetically operated switch having two different and predetermined lower and higher operating points on a temperature scale so that it may be maintained open below the lower operating point and above the higher operating point and be maintained closed between the two different operating points comprises two permanent magnets, and two kinds of temperature sensitive ferromagnetic members in proximity to a reed switch. The two permanent magnets are disposed over respective reeds of the reed switch in a similar polar direction and with an axial space therebetween. Two temperature sensitive ferromagnetic members having a higher Curie point are disposed at opposite outer sides of both permanent magnets or at opposite ends of the reed switch, and are in contact with respective permanent magnets.

Abstract: A thermo-sensitive reed switch in which the thermo-sensitive magnetic element is slit parallel to the reeds in the element.

Abstract: A differential pressure switch device having a flexible diaphragm between two chambers subject to differential pressure, a permanent magnet movable with the diaphragm against a biasing force when pressure differences occur in the chambers, a thermo ferrite combined with the magnet for cooperation therewith, and a reed switch assembly actuated by the movement of the magnet and through the action of the thermo ferrite which becomes magnetic or non-magnetic depending on the temperature.

Abstract: A thermostatic switch having a magnetic armature made of a Curie point alloy which changes its magnetic permeability as a function of an increase or decrease in the temperature. The thermoswitch may be normally open or normally closed so that the switch will close or open with a change in temperature.

Abstract: Electric relay comprising flexible-blade switches having multiple operational thresholds. In this relay, the most sensitive switches are within the coil whereas the least sensitive switches are located outside the coil, the magnetic circuit being directed toward the outside switches by the use of magnetic flux detectors. Moreover, the operational thresholds of the switches are adjustable by the use of magnetic shunts disposed in the coil and in the flux detectors, one of the shunts being constituted by a material chosen for its Curie point.

Abstract: In a switching device having first and second conductor elements and an operating mechanism shiftable to and from a first position wherein the conductor elements are electrically connected to each other to establish a conductive path therebetween. The device includes a body of mercury, and a mercury wettable porous member between the mercury body and the first conductor element so that the mercury from the body may be forced through the porous body to establish the above-mentioned electrical connection. When the shiftable mechanism is shifted into the first position, the mercury is withdrawn from the first conductor element by the wettable porous member to disconnect the electrical circuit.

Abstract: An electromagnetically controlled, temperature-sensitive (ECTS) reed switch comprising a temperature-sensitive reed switch with an electromagnetic coil spirally wound around the exterior thereof for initiating a switching action of the reed switch independently of the ambient temperature of the switch.

Abstract: A temperature-responsive circuit comprising an ECTS reed switch and an interrogation means for determining the operability and accuracy of the temperature-responsive portion of the circuit.

Abstract: A temperature responsive reed switch having magnetic reed pieces, a permanent magnet disposed near a contact of the reed switch and being magnetized in an axial direction of the reed switch, two temperature responsive magnetic materials disposed adjacent the ends of the permanent magnet in the axial direction of the reed switch and a magnetic yoke disposed adjacent the outer surfaces of the temperature responsive magnetic material.

Abstract: A hot fluid is directed through a valved conduit inlet. Downstream of the inlet, the conduit divides into a pair of outlets through which the hot fluid flows. The flow through the outlets is controlled by a pair of vertically oriented valves linked together by a V-shaped linkage and weight biased toward the closed position such that when one valve is open the other is closed, and vice versa. The valve actuation means comprises a permanent magnet mounted on the housing in close proximity to each valve; each valve has mounted thereon and exposed to the hot fluid a magnetic material. Thus, when the magnetic material on the open valve is heated above its Curie temperature, the material loses its attraction for the permanent magnet and the weight bias closes that valve and simultaneously moves the other valve close enough to the permanent magnet to be held open thereby. When that valve's magnetic material is heated above the Curie temperature it in turn closes and the other valve opens.

Abstract: A thermomagnetic switch is mountable on a chamber wall to extend into a liquid filled chamber. A reed switch in the switch is controlled by the strength of a magnetic field produced by a cylindrical magnet surrounding the reed switch. The magnetic flux passing through the reed switch is varied by a ferromagnetic cylindrical element having a magnetic permeability varying with temperature that shunts magnetic flux at a level varying with temperature. A ferrous slug or shaft adjacent to the reed switch is movable to shunt a selectable portion of the magnetic flux and permit a fine temperature adjustment. A method of adjusting the operating temperature of switch reduces the magnetic strength of the magnet in the switch in small increments while the switch is exposed to a selected temperature until the switch operates to establish its operating temperature.

Abstract: A liquid-level detecting device comprises a float for moving in accordance with the liquid level, a permanent magnet mounted in said float and a reed switch which is fixed to a stationary member and arranged for opening and closing in accordance with the movement of said permanent magnet and a thermoferrite member which is provided near said permanent magnet. The thermoferrite member has a Curie point at a critical temperature where it loses its magnetism thereby cutting an affection of said permanent magnet to said reed switch.

Abstract: An electromagnetic oven is provided with a control system comprising a ferrite sensor located within the oven, a magnetic property detector coupled to the sensor, and control means responsive to signals from the detector.

Abstract: An electromagnetic oven is provided with a control system comprising a sensor located within the oven, a detector coupled to the sensor, and control means responsive to signals from the detector. In one embodiment, the control means activate a counter which, upon a predetermined number of operations, signals a condition of the load within the oven and may modify subsequent energy inputs to the load.