Abstract: A haptic actuator may include a housing having opposing first and second ends and first and second coils carried by the housing adjacent respective first and second ends thereof. Each coil may have a respective passageway therethrough. The actuator may include a field member including first and second masses adjacent respective first and second ends of the housing, and a permanent magnet having first and second ends coupled to respective ones of the first and second masses. The actuator may also include first and second flexures mounting respective first and second masses to the respective first and second ends of the housing so that the field member is reciprocally movable within the passageways of the coils responsive to powering the coils and so that the ends of the permanent magnet are within respective passageways of the coils when the coils are unpowered.

Abstract: An ignition coil includes a center core, a first core member, and a second core member. The first core member includes a first core-facing portion facing a front core surface of the center core and a first core side portion extending rearward from the first core-facing portion. The second core member includes a second core-facing portion facing a rear core surface of the center core and a second core side portion extending frontward from the second core-facing portion. The first core-facing portion has an end surface contacting a portion of the second core side portion to create a first contact region. Similarly, the second core-facing portion has an end surface contacting a portion of the first core side portion to create a second contact region. The first and second contact regions are shaped to approach frontward close to the first core side portion. This structure enhances productivity of the ignition coil.

Abstract: A key arrangement includes an activation element, a switch, a mechanical counterforce generating device, and a permanent magnet arrangement. The switch has at least a first state and a second state. The activation element has a basic state and an activation state and is configured to, in case of activation by a user, permit a movement from the basic state into the activation state, and in case of the movement into the activation state to permit a change in the state of the switch. The mechanical counterforce generating device is configured to generate, in case of an activation of the activation element, a first counterforce at least in certain areas. The permanent magnet arrangement is configured to generate, in case of activation of the activation element, a second counterforce at least in certain areas.

Abstract: Coil-based actuators for use in opening and closing the separable contacts of circuit interrupters provide increased initial velocity for opening strokes and damping at the end of opening strokes. Electronics for adjusting the current profile of current supplied to coil-based actuators additionally provide increased initial velocity for opening strokes and damping at the conclusion of opening strokes.

Abstract: A process component includes a first connection, a second connection, and an adjusting element arranged in a hollow space fluidically connecting the first connection to the second connection and that can be brought into a first position and second position in an axial direction within the hollow space. The component includes a permanent magnet, a first electrical coil, and a second electrical coil arranged in succession in the axial direction to create a simple process component whose size can be effectively scaled. The magnet, adjusting element, and a yoke form a first closed magnetic circuit in the first position and a second closed magnetic circuit in the second position. The first and second coil respectively compensate for the first circuit and the second circuit. The hollow space and adjusting element are shaped such that the valve can be penetrated by a fluid flow formed between the first and second connections.

Abstract: A hard start capacitor replacement unit has a plurality of capacitors in a container sized to fit in existing hard start capacitor space. The capacitors are 4 metallized film capacitors wound in a single cylindrical capacitive element. The container has a common terminal and capacitors value terminals for the plurality of capacitors, which may be connected singly or in combination to provide a selected capacitance. An electronic or other relay connects the selected capacitance in parallel with a motor run capacitor. The hard start capacitor replacement unit is thereby adapted to replace a wide variety of hard start capacitors.

Abstract: A device for dexterous interaction in a virtual world in disclosed. The device includes a housing including a plurality of buttons and a plurality of vibration elements each associated with at least one of the plurality of buttons. An orientation sensor detects orientation of the housing, and a bearing is configured to allow the housing to freely rotate in a plurality of directions. A processor is in communication with the plurality of buttons, the plurality of vibration elements, and the orientation sensor. A transmitter/receiver unit is configured to receive data from the processor and configured to send and receive data from a central processing unit.

Abstract: An actuation mechanism for an elevator safety gear comprises an engagement element, at least two permanent magnets and at least one electric coil. The engagement element is movable between an engaged position in which it engages with the guide member of the elevator system and a disengaged position in which it does not engage with the guide member of the elevator system. The at least two permanent magnets are arranged in a configuration generating a repulsive force (FR) between the at least two permanent magnets and urging the engagement element towards the engaged position. The at least one electric coil is configured for generating an electromagnetic force urging the engagement element towards the disengaged position and/or for holding the engagement element in the disengaged position, when an electric current is flowing through the at least one electric coil.

Abstract: A circuit breaker for interrupting a direct current, in particular in a power supply system in a vehicle having a main current path that includes a switch, and having a reed relay for detecting an electric current flow across the main current path. The switch is coupled to the reed relay. Also, a use of a circuit breaker is provided.

Abstract: An electromagnetic and triboelectric hybrid energy collector for low-frequency movement is provided. The electromagnetic and triboelectric hybrid energy collector comprises an electromagnetic module, triboelectric modules and spring mass modules. The electromagnetic module includes a shell, a magnet frame, a magnet array, coil arrays, coil frames and coil magnetic conductive columns. The spring mass modules include respective springs, respective mass blocks and respective end caps. The triboelectric modules include multiple nano-friction power generation units which are connected in sequence. When the energy collector is excited to move a magnet assembly. The electromagnetic module generates voltage according to the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. The movement of the magnet assembly generated by external excitation may also cause contact and separation between triboelectric units to generate voltage.

Abstract: A fluid flow control valve with swiveled & compensated stroke (100) comprising a solenoid coil assembly (60), a permanent magnet (181), a bridge mounted solenoid assembly (120), a compensated swivel fulcrum (150), a counterweight arrangement (160), and a base unit arrangement (180), wherein a slender cylindrical rod (70) of the compensated swiveled fulcrum (150) is non-rotatably trapped in a fulcrum receptacle (33) of a bridge (30), a compensating spring (85) continuously presses a pair of the plurality of spherical balls (80) against a conical surface (72) of the lender cylindrical rod (70), the bridge mounted solenoid assembly (120) swivels around an axis (121), an electric supply impressed at the electrical terminals of the solenoid coil assembly (60) generates a magnetic field and the solenoid coil assembly (60) moves in an arc (61), the swiveled valve with the compensated precision stroke (100) is mountable in any orientation.

Abstract: In one example, a ground fault circuit interrupter is provided. It may include a current imbalance detection circuit configured to provide a leakage signal and a main processing circuit including a processor. The leakage signal may correspond to a current imbalance between a supply path and a return path. The processor may be configured to receive the leakage signal, analyze a time pattern of the leakage signal, determine whether a ground fault exists based on analysis of the time pattern, and generate a first trigger signal if the ground fault is determined to exist. The ground fault circuit interrupter may further include a back-EMF detection circuit configured to provide a back-EMF detection signal. Methods for detecting and responding to a ground fault are also provided.

Abstract: An impact actuator with 2-degree of freedom, which may generate an impact stimulation in any direction on the plane, includes a body having a magnetic substance that is movable therein, one upper solenoid attached to an upper portion of the body, and three or more lower solenoids attached to a lower portion of the body, wherein the upper solenoid and the three or more lower solenoids are independently supplied with AC power from a power supply, respectively.

Abstract: A torque motor for use in a servovalve wherein only two holes must be provided through each of the pole pieces in order to assemble the torque motor together. The torque motor comprises first and second opposing pole pieces, first and second permanent magnets positioned between the first and second pole pieces; an armature comprising a magnetic plate and a flapper, the magnetic plate being positioned between the first and second permanent magnets, the flapper being connected at one end to the magnetic plate; and further comprising: first and second fastening means each extending through the first pole piece, the armature and the second pole piece to thereby fasten the torque motor together.

Abstract: A tattooing apparatus includes a grip body and a pivot pin. The grip body defines a cavity extending entirely through the grip body in a first direction. The pivot pin is mounted in the cavity perpendicular to the first direction, the pivot pin having an axis of rotation, the pivot pin mounted rotatably around the axis of rotation. A tattoo needle assembly includes a needle bar, a loop, and a plurality of needles. The needle bar has a first end and a second end. The loop is coupled to the first end and defines a first plane. The plurality of needles includes a first row coupled to the second end and defining a second plane, the first plane angled approximately 90 degrees to the second plane. A tattoo needle assembly includes three rows of at least three needles, the needles fastened together to be immovable with respect to each other.

Abstract: A torque motor for a servovalve is provided, the torque motor comprising an armature and a first pole piece. The first pole piece has a first portion and a second portion that is selectively moveable relative to the first portion such that a size of an air gap formed between the second portion and the armature is adjusted in response to the movement of the second portion relative to the first portion.

Abstract: Provided is a linear motor, including a housing having a receiving space; a vibrator and a stator received therein; an elastic member suspending the vibrator in the housing; and a circuit board. The housing includes a bottom cover and a shell covering the bottom cover and enclosing the receiving space together with the bottom cover. The stator includes an iron core fixed in the housing, a yoke sleeved on the iron core, and first and second coils provided on two sides of the yoke. The second coil is provided between the yoke and the bottom cover. The circuit board is fixed to the bottom cover. The vibrator includes a magnet spaced apart from the stator. The iron core is provided with a groove formed by recessing inwardly from a surface thereof. A coil lead of the first coil passes through the groove to be electrically connected to the circuit board.

Abstract: An inlet apparatus includes: a locking pin; a holder configured to accommodate the locking pin; and a first electromagnet provided at a lower portion of the holder. The first electromagnet includes a lower coil for generating a repulsive force or an attractive force in a vertical direction with respect to the locking pin. The inlet apparatus also includes a second electromagnet provided at a side of the holder, the second electromagnet including a side coil for fixing the locking pin. The inlet apparatus also includes a controller configured to control a current of the lower coil of the first electromagnet and a current of the side coil of the second electromagnet.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are various wireless power electropermanent magnets and related systems and devices, including handheld wands for activating and deactivating wireless power electropermanent magnets, and coupling and locking mechanisms utilizing wireless power electropermanent magnets.

Abstract: A circuit breaker for interrupting a direct current, in particular in a power supply system in a vehicle having a main current path that includes a switch, and having a reed relay for detecting an electric current flow across the main current path. The switch is coupled to the reed relay. Also, a use of a circuit breaker is provided.

Abstract: An electromagnetic holding magnet and a method for manufacturing the same, and an electromagnetic locking element that, that in a preferred embodiment, is a lock in a container of an oxygen emergency supply system of an aircraft. The electromagnetic holding magnet includes a yoke and a retaining plate interacting with the yoke as an anchor. At least one permanent magnet generates a magnetic retaining flux in the yoke that includes a first yoke leg and a second yoke leg as well as a middle pole. The middle pole is surrounded in sections by a magnetic coil. The first and second yoke legs are arranged symmetrically in relation to the middle pole and the magnetic coil.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an inductor unit includes a first inductor and a second inductor. The first inductor includes a first magnetic core and a first coil winded around the first magnetic core. The second inductor includes a second magnetic core and a second coil winded around the second magnetic core. The first inductor and the second inductor are placed so that a first angle between a first line and a fifth line is equal to or greater than 0 degrees and is equal to or less than 90 degrees. The cross section of the first coil in the width direction and a cross section of the first coil in the width direction are overlapping at least at direction of the first magnetic flux or direction of the second magnetic flux.

Abstract: A reluctance transducer includes a soft ferromagnetic yoke and a soft ferromagnetic core element, which is movable relative to the yoke. Two permanent magnets bear the core element. The permanent magnets are arranged relative to each other and to the yoke so that the reluctance transducer has a good linear relationship between displacement and force. The reluctance transducer can be applied as stiffness compensating element. The reluctance transducer can include an electrical winding to allow its application as a magnetic bearing, an actuator or as a displacement, velocity or acceleration sensor with improved intrinsic linearity.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator device has at least one stationary spool unit (4), which can be energized, and at least one armature unit (7), movable along a displacement axis (V) and with respect to the spool unit (4) in reaction to the spool unit (4) being energized. The armature unit (7) can be displaced between a parked position and an actuating position in an output drive direction along the displacement axis (V) in order to interact with an actuating element, which can be a camshaft disposed on the output side of the armature unit (7), and can be rotated about the displacement axis (V).

Abstract: A linear vibration generator in which a coil or a stator is fixed using a simple structure compared to a conventional technology. There is provided a linear vibration generator having advantages of a simplified assembly process and a low production cost by reducing the number of parts that form the inside of the vibration generation device through an improved bracket structure in which a protruding part functions as a central yoke. The protruding part can be easily fabricated by being pressed into a bracket using a press or deep drawing method, and a coil is fixed by a stable structure. There is an advantage of a low production cost.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein may take the form of an electromagnetic actuator that produces a haptic output during operation. Generally, an electromagnetic coil is wrapped around a central magnet array. A shaft passes through the central magnet array, such that the central array may move along the shaft when the proper force is applied. When a current passes through the electromagnetic coil, the coil generates a magnetic field. The coil is stationary with respect to a housing of the actuator, while the central magnet array may move along the shaft within the housing. Thus, excitation of the coil exerts a force on the central magnet array, which moves in response to that force. The direction of the current through the coil determines the direction of the magnetic field and thus the motion of the central magnet array.

Abstract: The invention relates to a miniature linear vibrotactile actuator comprising: a first element 14, 104 of generally cylindrical shape, comprising permanent magnets 15, 105 aligned so that two adjacent sides of two adjacent magnets 15, 105 have identical polarities; a second element 11, 101 defining a cylindrical cavity 12, 102 into which the first element 14, 104 is inserted with play so as to be able to slide therein in a sliding direction X2, the second element 11, 101 comprising coils 13, 103 of conductive wire having strands that extend perpendicularly to the sliding direction X2, in order to form magnetic force generators, and that are placed so as to be able to influence the first element 14, 104 electromagnetically; and means 25, 41, 125 for returning and guiding the first element 14, 104 toward an equilibrium position in the second element 11, 101, in which position a median plane P2 between two adjacent magnets substantially coincides with a median plane P1 of a facing force generator 111.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a camera lens module. The camera lens module may include a base in which a lens barrel is placed, an auto-focusing driving unit disposed in parallel to the first side surface of the base in such a way as to face the first side surface and disposed to face the lens barrel, and an optical element driving unit disposed in parallel to a second side surface placed in a direction opposite the first side surface, disposed to face the lens barrel, and disposed to stand opposite to the auto-focusing driving unit.

Abstract: A vibration motor includes a shaft, a stationary portion, a vibrating body, and an elastic member. The vibrating body includes a weight, first magnets, magnetic bodies, and one or more second magnets. Each first magnet has a ring shape and is magnetized in an inner or outer circumferential direction. Each magnetic body has a ring shape and is disposed between the shaft and a corresponding one of the first magnets. The one or more second magnets are magnetized in one direction, have a ring shape, and are interposed between the magnetic bodies corresponding thereto that are adjacent to each other in the one direction. The adjacent first magnets in the one direction are such that magnetic polarities of one of the first magnets at inner and outer circumferences thereof are opposite to magnetic polarities of another of the first magnets adjacent thereto at inner and outer circumferences thereof.

Abstract: A linear electromagnetic actuator includes a stator excited by at least one electric coil arranged around an axis of symmetry and two ferromagnetic stator poles positioned axially on either side of the coil, as well as at least two independent moving members, each of the moving members being formed of a ferromagnetic material, where the linear electromagnetic actuator includes at least three magnetized poles arranged inside the coil, with respectively a first magnetized pole positioned in the vicinity of the median plane separating the two moving members and containing the axis of the coil, and a second and third magnetized pole arranged laterally on either side of the moving members, between the moving members and the coil.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical device for reducing speckle noise of laser light having a first optical element extending along an extension plane, and an actuator designed for moving the first optical element along the extension plane. The actuator is formed as a reluctance actuator that is designed to exert a reluctance force on the first optical element to move the first optical element along the extension plane.

Abstract: A torque motor valve actuator for use with a valve assembly is provided. The torque motor valve actuator includes an armature spring having a first end portion, a second end portion and a rigid central portion. The first end portion and the second end portion are coupled to the rigid central portion by a respective flexible portion, and the rigid central portion defines a bore that extends along a first axis. The torque motor valve actuator includes an armature having a first end and a second end. The armature extends along a longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel to the first axis of the bore, and the armature is coupled to the bore of the armature spring between the first end and the second end.

Abstract: A multiple variable valve lift apparatus may include a moving cam formed in a hollow cylindrical shape into which a camshaft is inserted. In particular, the moving cam rotates together with the camshaft, moves in an axial direction of the camshaft, and includes a cam guide protrusion and a plurality of cams realizing different valve lift with each other. Moreover, the apparatus includes: an operating unit selectively guiding the cam guide protrusion; a controller controlling the operating unit; a valve opening/closing unit contacting with any one cam of the cams; and at least two pins disposed at the operating unit so as to guide the cam guide protrusion. The cam guide protrusion includes an inserted portion being selectively inserted between the pins and a shift portion.

Abstract: An induction generator (200; 301) having a magnet assembly (204; 304) for generating a permanent magnetic field, an annular coil (206; 306), a spring element (228; 328) and an air channel (212; 312) through which the permanent magnetic field passes, is proposed, wherein the magnet assembly (204; 304) comprises a first pole section (208; 308) and a second pole section (210; 310) and a magnet (214; 314) disposed between the first pole section (208; 308) and the second pole section (210; 310), the coil (206; 306) is connected to the spring element (228; 328) and is movably disposed in the air channel (212; 312) and the spring element (228; 328) is designed to cause an oscillation movement (224) of the coil (206; 306) in the air channel (212; 312) transverse to a magnetic flux (222; 322) of the permanent magnetic field inside the air channel (212; 312) in response to a deflection of the coil (206; 306), characterized in that the air channel (212; 312) is annular and is designed to accommodate the annular coil (20

Abstract: An actuator includes a housing with a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a bore disposed therein. The bore defines a poppet movement axis and extends between the first end and second end of the housing. A solenoid is disposed within the bore and extends about the poppet movement axis. An armature is disposed within the bore and is movable along the poppet movement axis between a disengaged position and an engaged position, the engaged position proximate the solenoid and the disengaged position spaced apart from the solenoid. A magnet is disposed within the bore between the first end of the housing and the armature, the magnet magnetically coupled to the armature to bias the armature towards the disengaged position.

Abstract: A linear actuator for linearly positioning a recording head in a data storage mechanism. The disclosed linear actuator includes an electrically conductive coil having first and second parts that are both wound in the same rotary direction about an axis, and a magnet spaced from the electrically conductive coil by an air gap. Transmission of an electric current through the first part of the electrically conductive coil in a first current flow direction about the axis and through the second part of the electrically conductive coil in an opposite second current flow direction about the axis induces linear movement of one of the electrically conductive coil and magnet relative to the other of the electrically conductive coil and magnet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tactile information providing device. The tactile information providing device according to the present invention comprises a tactile transmission unit (1: 10, 20) formed of a magneto-rheological elastomer (MRE) material, wherein the tactile transmission unit (1) provides tactile information through the transformation (10a-10d, 20a-20d) by an external magnetic field.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuating apparatus, in particular a proportional magnet or switching magnet, includes a magnet armature (4) guided for axial movement in a pole tube (2). The pole tube is at least partially surrounded by a coil winding and is adjoined by a pole core (10) via a separating region (20) forming a magnetic decoupling. On energization of the coil winding (52), a magnetic force acts on the armature (4) to move the armature (4) in the direction of the pole core (10) within a travel area. At least one insert (28) of ferromagnetic material with a preset axial thickness is between the armature (4) and the pole core (10) to shorten, as desired, the axial length of the travel area.

Abstract: Provided is a linear actuator whose entire length can be shortened while thrust thereof can be made large. The linear actuator of the present invention is provided with the following: a hollow drive magnet (11); a coil (4) disposed at either the outside or the inside of the drive magnet (11); and a return magnet (8) that is disposed at the other of the outside or the inside of the drive magnet (11), is connected to the coil (4), and returns the drive magnet (11) to the starting point. By conducting electricity to the coil (4), the drive magnet (11) or the coil (4) and the return magnet (8) move in the axial direction of the drive magnet 11.

Abstract: A linear motor which includes a bobbin with an interior lengthwise axial opening with a permanent magnet assembly within the opening and electricity carrying coils wound on an exterior of the bobbin which creates a force when electricity runs through the wound coils as a result of interaction between the magnetic field created by the magnet assembly, and the current passing through the coil wires, that enables the magnet assembly to move in an axial direction within the bobbin. The bobbin includes an encoder within an interior wall and an encoder scale strip affixed to the magnet assembly so that the encoder can detect the position of the magnet assembly.

Abstract: A system is provided. The system includes a detacher. The detacher includes a field source. The field source is arranged to provide a first magnetic field when power is applied to the field source. The detacher further includes a magnet arranged to provide a second magnetic field. The magnet is movable from a non-detach position to a detach position when exposed to the first magnetic field. The second magnetic field is arranged to unlock a security tag when the magnet is at the detach location. The system further includes an activation device. The activation device includes a processor configured to trigger power to be supplied to the field source.

Abstract: The present techniques are related to a system and method for increasing the magnetic flux applied to a magnetic shape-memory (MSM) element. The method includes generating a magnetic field by applying a current through a transformer core. The method includes directing the magnetic field to configure a position of the MSM element. The method includes propagating the magnetic field through a ferrofluid at an interface between the transformer core and the MSM element. The method also includes increasing the permeability of a magnetic flux of the magnetic field across the MSM element.

Abstract: The tactile feedback actuator generally has a stopper, a damper, a hammer path between the stopper and the damper, a coil element fixedly mounted relative to the hammer path, and a magnetic hammer guidingly mounted for movement along the hammer path. The magnetic hammer has two opposite ends. Each end of the magnetic hammer has a corresponding permanent magnet. The two permanent magnets have opposing polarities. The magnetic hammer is electromagnetically engageable by a magnetic field emitted upon activation of the coil element so as to be longitudinally slid along the hammer path in any one of two opposite directions depending on a polarity of activation of the coil element. The stopper has a striking surface adapted for stopping the magnetic hammer, and the damper is adapted for decelerating the magnetic hammer as the magnetic hammer is longitudinally slid towards the damper.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing haptic feedback, including: a shell defining an aperture; a driver disposed within the shell; a mass disposed within the coil; and a projection connected to the mass and extending through the aperture. Also described herein is a method for providing generalized and localized haptic feedback, including the operations of: receiving an input signal; determining if the input signal corresponds to a generalized haptic feedback; if so, providing a first input to a linear vibrator; otherwise, providing a second input to a linear vibrator; wherein the linear vibrator outputs a generalized haptic feedback in response to the first input; and the linear vibrator outputs a localized haptic feedback in response to the second input.

Abstract: A magnetic actuator includes: a movable unit, movable between a first position and a second position, and including an integrally formed eddy-current component and first magnet yoke component; a second magnet yoke component to form a magnetic circuit with the first magnet yoke component; an electromagnetic coil capable of generating an exciting magnetic field when being energized, magnetic lines generated thereby being energized penetrating the magnetic circuit formed by the first and second magnet yoke components; an eddy-current coil to enable an eddy current to be generated in the eddy-current component, to produce an electromagnetic repulsive force to the movable unit; and a permanent magnetic holding component to hold the movable unit in the first position or the second position. The magnetic actuator can simplify the actuator, reduce the number of components and the size thereof, as well as reducing the energy consumption and improving the stability thereof.

Abstract: A solenoid assembly includes a switching regulator and a solenoid electrically connected to an output signal connection of the switching regulator, the solenoid electrically actuable between an extended position and a pull-in position. The assembly includes an output level switch electrically connected to an input switching connection and the output signal connection of the switching regulator, and a timer connected to an output of the switching regulator and an input of the output level switch. The timer generates a signal at the output of the output level switch, thereby causing the output level switch to generate a hold signal at the input switching connection of the switching regulator after sensing a signal at the output signal connection. Upon receiving the hold signal at the input switching connection, the switching regulator causes an output signal on the output voltage connection to switch from a switching level to a hold level.

Abstract: A standard solenoid body and coils are combined with a non-magnetic armature tube containing a permanent magnet, preferably neodymium. The magnet is located in one of three positions within the armature. When biased toward the stop end of the solenoid, it may be configured to act as a push solenoid. When biased toward the collar end of the solenoid, it may be configured to act as a pull solenoid. In either case, no spring is required to return the armature to its de-energized position. Positioning the magnet in the middle of the armature defines a dual-latching solenoid requiring no power to hold it in a given state. A positive coil pulse moves the armature toward the stop end, whereas a negative coil pulse moves the armature toward the collar end. The armature will remain at the end to which it was directed until another pulse of opposite polarity comes along.

Abstract: Actuator device having an expansion unit, which includes a magnetic shape memory alloy material, and a spring unit which interacts therewith in a restoring manner, wherein at least one spring of the spring unit is assigned to the expansion unit, which is designed to perform an expansion movement along an expansion direction, in such a way that the spring can exert a restoring spring force counter to the expansion direction on the expansion unit, and wherein the spring is set up and/or predetermined in its spring characteristic curve properties in such a way that a spring force profile of the spring unit along a stroke range, determined by an expansion force profile of the expansion unit and a restoring spring force profile, of the expansion movement does not form a continuously rising curve, and/or the spring force profile, with respect to a continuously rising curve, extends and/or increases the stroke range.

Abstract: A rotating electromagnetic machine has a tubular axle with mounting rings, a common ring, a coil input ring, and at least one bearing set mounted on it. A fitting is secured at a distal end of the tubular axle, and a commutator is secured at the proximal end. A housing is mounted on the bearing sets through adaptors. Connecting bars extend axially within the axle with lateral rods joined to the connecting bars at their distal ends, the bars commuting between segments of the commutator electromagnetic coils. A plurality of the electromagnetic coils are secured to the coil input ring. The coils are formed of spiral turns of a single flat strip electrically conductive material. A plurality of peripheral and sector magnets are mounted adjacent to the electromagnetic coils with electromagnetic interaction when relative motion occurs between the coils and the magnets.

Abstract: A rotating electromagnetic machine has a tubular axle with mounting rings, a common ring, a coil input ring, and at least one bearing set mounted on it. A fitting is secured at a distal end of the tubular axle, and a commutator is secured at the proximal end. A housing is mounted on the bearing sets through adaptors. Connecting bars extend axially within the axle with lateral rods joined to the connecting bars at their distal ends, the bars commuting between segments of the commutator electromagnetic coils. A plurality of the electromagnetic coils are secured to the coil input ring. The coils are formed of spiral turns of a single flat strip electrically conductive material. A plurality of peripheral and sector magnets are mounted adjacent to the electromagnetic coils with electromagnetic interaction when relative motion occurs between the coils and the magnets.