Abstract: Disclosed is a hearing aid configured to be worn at a user's ear. The hearing aid comprises an input transducer for generating one or more input signals based on a received audio signal. The hearing aid comprises a signal processor configured for processing the one or more input signals. The hearing aid comprises an output transducer for providing an audio output signal based on an output signal from the signal processor. The hearing aid comprises a switched-mode power supply (SMPS) for providing electric power to the hearing aid. The switched-mode power supply (SMPS) comprises a first coil component and a second coil component. The first coil component and the second coil component are arranged to provide electromagnetic noise reduction in the hearing aid.

Abstract: A drive device comprises at least one tubular linear motor (M1; M1?; M2) which has a cylindrical armature (20; 120) and a tubular stator (10) with a cylindrical magnetic yoke (11) and a through-hole (13) coaxial with the magnetic yoke (11). Electric drive coils (12; 112) are arranged in the magnetic yoke (11). The armature (20; 120) has a non-magnetic armature tube (21) in which permanent magnets (23) are arranged. The armature (20; 120) extends coaxially through the through-hole (13) and is mounted so as to be movable in its longitudinal direction relative to the stator (10). The drive device comprises linear ball bearings (15; 115), and the armature (20; 120) of the tubular linear motor (M1; M1?; M2) is mounted in the linear ball bearings (15; 115).

Abstract: There is a solenoid including a stator having a first stator tooth and a second stator tooth, and an armature having a first armature tooth and a second armature tooth. The armature is moveable with respect to the stator over a predetermined stroke. A coil is associated with one of the stator and the armature for conducting an electric current and generating magnetic flux that is guided by the stator and the armature. The stator or the armature acts as a ferromagnetic core for the coil. There is a first air-gap between the first stator tooth and the first armature tooth that has a first length, and a second air-gap between the second stator tooth and the second armature tooth that has a second length. The first and second lengths are constant to within a predetermined margin over the predetermined stroke when the first and second armature teeth overlap the first and second stator teeth respectively.

Abstract: An electrohydraulic valve system for controlling a braking system of a work machine includes a valve body forming a bore and a fluid channel, and a valve spool disposed within the bore and in fluid communication with the fluid channel. The valve spool includes at least a first land and a second land. An armature is positioned with respect to the valve spool to move the valve spool axially within the bore between a first position and a second position, and a spring is disposed within the bore for biasing the valve spool to its first position. A first electromagnetic coil and a second electromagnetic coil are arranged relative to one another and the armature for forming a magnetic field when energized, and a detent system is positioned within the valve body for exerting an axial force to the valve body or armature.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multi-stable solenoid with one or more magnetic damping rings. In general, the magnetic damping rings provide an increased damping force to an armature of the multi-stable solenoid to ensure efficient operation, reduce detent position overshoot, and reduce an impact force at end positions.

Abstract: The present invention will provide a device in which the gripping action is achieved by a compliant membrane manipulated by electromagnetic forces. The gripping force provided by the present invention is best suited for delicate objects, as it gently applies the gripping force necessary for displacement. This is accomplished through a chamber, a membrane, a plunger attached to the membrane, and a solenoid configured to manipulate the plunger, and thus, the membrane.

Abstract: Pump systems with pinch valves for surgical procedures. At least some of the example embodiments are pump systems including a stationary housing defining a front face. A tube support extends outwardly from the front face for aligning and supporting a first tube and a second tube. At least one pinch member is movable relative to the tube support by a power actuator operably coupled to the at least one pinch member and configured to have three orientations that define: a first arrangement of the pinch member relative to the tube support configured to pinch closed the first tube, a second arrangement of the at least one pinch member relative to the tube support configured to pinch closed the second tube, and a third arrangement of the at least one pinch member relative to the tube support configured to pinch closed neither the first tube nor the second tube.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a multi-directional actuating module capable of moving in various directions and capable of delivering various tactile senses such as knocking or rubbing as well as vibration by controlling at least one of the intensity, direction or frequency of a magnetic field generation unit. Further, the multidirectional actuating module according to one embodiment may comprise: a moving body capable of moving in at least two or more axial directions by means of an external magnetic field; a support for supporting the moving body so as to be movable; and at least two or more magnetic field generation units which are in the form of a coil to generate the magnetic field.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a multi-directional actuating module capable of moving in various directions and capable of delivering various tactile senses such as knocking or rubbing as well as vibration by controlling at least one of the intensity, direction or frequency of a magnetic field generation unit. Further, the multidirectional actuating module according to one embodiment may comprise: a moving body capable of moving in at least two or more axial directions by means of an external magnetic field; a support for supporting the moving body so as to be movable; and at least two or more magnetic field generation units which are in the form of a coil to generate the magnetic field.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a multi-directional actuating module capable of moving in various directions and capable of delivering various tactile senses such as knocking or rubbing as well as vibration by controlling at least one of the intensity, direction or frequency of a magnetic field generation unit. Further, the multidirectional actuating module according to one embodiment may comprise: a moving body capable of moving in at least two or more axial directions by means of an external magnetic field; a support for supporting the moving body so as to be movable; and at least two or more magnetic field generation units which are in the form of a coil to generate the magnetic field.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator device, comprising a coil unit (14), which surrounds a first yoke section (13) of a stationary yoke unit and can be activated by energizing the coil unit; and armature elements (10, 12), which are guided so as to be movable relative to the yoke unit and which interact with an output-side actuating partner and which can be driven in order to perform an actuating movement. The armature elements interact with at least one second yoke section (15, 16) of the yoke unit to form an air gap (26, 28) for a magnetic flux produced by the activated coil unit.

Abstract: An impulse solenoid valve with at least one solenoid coil, a magnetically soft magnetic circuit which comprises a stationary yoke and a movable solenoid core, and with a permanent magnet which is accommodated in the magnetic circuit such that it sectionally interrupts the magnetic circuit, is characterized in that a first portion and a second portion of the magnetic circuit each directly contact the same on opposite sides of the permanent magnet, preferably over the full surface.

Abstract: A linear solenoid includes a movable element, a first stator element, a second stator element, a third stator element, a cover and a through hole. The third stator element has an opening formed on a thrust direction side of the third stator element. The cover covers the opening of the third stator element from the thrust direction side of an axial direction. The through hole passes through the third stator element. An inside of the third stator element is in fluid communication with an outside of the third stator element through the through hole.

Abstract: A linear solenoid has a moving core, a main coil, and a magnetically attractive core. The moving core is supported to be capable of sliding in an axial direction of the moving core. The main coil winds around the moving core and forms a tubular shape. The magnetically attractive core magnetically attracts the moving core based on magnetic force caused by the main coil. The linear solenoid may further have a secondary coil disposed separately from the main coil so that the secondary coil intersects with the moving core at a position corresponding to the secondary coil when the moving core moves toward the magnetically attractive core.

Abstract: [Means to Solve Problem] A coil (68) is housed in a main body (70). An inner cylindrical portion (98a) is disposed inward of the coil (68). An armature (80) adapted to be attracted by the coil (68) is disposed, being spaced from the inner cylindrical portion (98a). A magnetic flux concentrating member (100) is disposed on the side of the coil (68) nearer to the armature (80), being spaced from the inner cylindrical portion (98a). The gap between the inner cylindrical portion (98a) and the magnetic flux concentrating member (100) is larger than the gap between the armature (80) and the inner cylindrical member (100).

Abstract: A magnetic actuator has a static part and a dynamic part concentrically arranged therein. The static part comprises two permanent magnets and the dynamic part comprises two further permanent magnets. The magnet is oppositely oriented to the further magnets. The magnets are tuned to each other in such a way that the gravity on the dynamic part is compensated by the magnetic force on the dynamic part. The static part further includes a coil with which an additional magnetic field can be generated by which the actuation force can be adapted.

Abstract: A solenoid for a vehicle starter includes at least one coil with a passage extending through the coil in an axial direction. The solenoid further includes a plunger configured to move in the axial direction within the passage. The plunger includes a cylindrical outer surface with a substantially uniform diameter and a circumferential notch. The cylindrical outer surface includes a first portion with a first diameter on one side of the circumferential notch, and a second portion with the first diameter on an opposite side of the circumferential notch. The circumferential notch includes a portion with a second diameter that is less than the first diameter.

Abstract: In a solenoid, a coil is energized in a state where movement of a plunger toward the inside of a yoke is stopped. Accordingly, when the coil is energized, it suffice that movement of the plunger toward the outside of the yoke is inhibited by a magnetic force, and it is not necessary to move the plunger into the yoke by the magnetic force. Therefore, it is not necessary that a force moving the plunger toward the inside of the yoke is increased by a conventional core. Accordingly, the conventional core is not assembled in a frame, so that number of components can be decreased so as to reduce the cost.

Abstract: A linear motor activator for a downhole safety valve including a permanent magnet carrier; a plurality of permanent magnets mounted to the permanent magnet carrier; a coil carrier disposed in magnetic field proximity to the permanent magnet carrier; and a plurality of coils mounted to the coil carrier, one of the permanent magnet carrier and the coil carrier being movable relative to the other of the permanent magnet carrier and coil carrier, and being connected to a component of a downhole safety valve and method.

Abstract: Method for controlling the position of an electromechanical actuator for reciprocating compressor valves. The actuator includes a member (302) movable in a direction parallel to the direction for opening and closing the obturator of the valve (12), between a position corresponding to the closed position and a position corresponding to the open position of the obturator (11). The member (302) is provided with a mechanism (322) able to act on the obturator (11) and with a magnetizable portion (312) co-operating with two electromagnets (102, 202) and being arranged in equilibrium between the latter via a suitable mechanism.

Abstract: A solenoid for a vehicle starter comprises a spool including a first coil bay, a second coil bay, and an interior passage defining an axial direction. A first coil is positioned in the first coil bay of the spool, and a second coil positioned in the second coil bay of the spool. A plunger is positioned within the interior passage of the spool and configured to move in the axial direction when the first coil is energized. The first coil bay is positioned adjacent to the second coil bay in the axial direction. The spool further includes two end flanges and a middle flange. The middle flange separates the first coil bay from the second coil bay.

Abstract: A solenoid for a vehicle starter includes a pull-in coil made of a length of rectangular wire and a hold-in coil adjacent to the pull-in coil. A plunger is configured to move in an axial direction when the pull-in coil made of rectangular wire is energized. The pull-in coil and the hold-in coil are positioned on a spool with the plunger slideably positioned within a central passage of the spool. The plunger is configured to engage a plunger stop when the pull-in coil is energized. In at least one embodiment, the hold-in coil is separated from the plunger stop in the axial direction and the hold-in coil encircles the plunger stop.

Abstract: A method for winding a coil on an object, wherein the coil includes a plurality of first coils and a plurality of second coils, may have winding the first coils on an exterior circumferences of the second coils, wherein an outer circumferences of the respective second coil is enclosed and in contact with outer circumference of at least three first coils, and wherein cross-sectional area of the second coil is smaller than that of the first coil, and wherein the outer circumference of the at least three first coils are in contact each other.

Abstract: A solenoid for a vehicle starter includes at least one coil with a passage extending through the coil. A plunger is slideably positioned within the passage and configured to move in an axial direction between a first position and a second position. The plunger includes a substantially cylindrical outer surface portion with a circumferential notch formed in the outer surface portion. The at least one coil may include a pull-in coil and a hold-in coil wound on a spool. A plate member is positioned at one end of the spool and is separated from the plunger by a radial distance. The radial distance varies when the plunger moves in the axial direction as a result of the notch moving in relation to the plate member. A sleeve member may be coupled to the plunger such that the sleeve member covers the circumferential notch formed in the plunger.

Abstract: There is an electromagnetic switch for a starter includes a first and second electromagnet and a frame and a cover. The first and second electromagnets are set alongside in the frame. The first and second electromagnets are configured to change a position with respect to the cover by rotating about the axis with respect to the frame.

Abstract: A solenoid for a vehicle starter comprises a pull-in coil and a hold-in coil positioned axially adjacent to the pull-in coil. A plunger is positioned within the pull-in coil and configured to move in an axial direction when the pull-in coil is energized. The plunger is separated from a plunger stop in the axial direction by an air gap when the pull-in coil and the hold-in coil are not energized. When the pull-in coil and hold-in coil are energized, a shoulder of the plunger moves in an axial direction toward the plunger stop. The pull-in coil is positioned in the solenoid such that it is removed from the plunger stop in the axial direction. In contrast, the hold-in coil encircles the plunger stop.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cylindrical magnetic levitation stage which includes a cylindrical substrate used to form micro-patterns of various arbitrary shapes on a large-area semiconductor substrate or display panel substrate, a cylindrical substrate, a combination of a first permanent magnet array and a first coil array and a combination of a first permanent magnet array and a first coil array, which are coupled to the cylindrical substrate, so that levitation, axial translation and rotation of the cylindrical substrate can be made finely through the control of a magnetic force generated by the interaction between a magnetic field generated by electric current applied to the coil arrays and a magnetic field generated from the permanent magnet arrays corresponding to the coil arrays.

Abstract: Apparatus for inductive braking of a projectile are disclosed. Embodiments include a receiver that has a unidirectional conductor having a closed conductive pathway that encircles a passageway for a moving projectile. The unidirectional conductor permits current to flow through it in substantially only one direction around the passageway. As the projectile and its associated magnetic field move past the unidirectional conductor, the moving magnetic field induces a current flow through the closed conductive pathway, which in turn generates a magnetic field behind the projectile having the same polarity as the projectile's field. The two fields attract one another, which both exerts a braking force on the projectile and tends to align the two fields. Alignment of these fields centers the projectile away from the passageway wall.

Abstract: A permanent magnetic actuator includes a flux inducing unit having a hollow space therein and formed by laminating a plurality of plates, a movable element disposed in the hollow space of the flux inducing unit to be reciprocated, permanent magnets installed at inner walls of the hollow space, and guide members located between the permanent magnets and the movable element and configured to guide reciprocating motion of the movable element.

Abstract: An electromagnetic control mechanism (1) with an actuating element (15) which can move longitudinally and can be retained in three stable positions. By way of two coils (3, 4), the actuating element (15) can be switched to a first or to a second stable position, namely, the two opposed end positions. The actuating element (15) comprises an actuator rod (7) with a permanent magnet (8) arranged on the actuator rod (7), such that the actuating element (15) can be retained magnetically in the third stable position by the permanent magnet (8).

Abstract: A magnetically driven tool includes a shaft having a bottom application end including a contacting surface, at least one support around a portion of the shaft for supporting components positioned outside the shaft that float with respect to the shaft. A first magnet is affixed to the shaft. An electromagnet secured to the support is positioned outside the shaft and floats with respect to the shaft above the first magnet. At least one bearing is provided for sliding the shaft in an axial direction and optionally rotating the shaft. For pushing operations, the direction of current through the electromagnet is applied so that like poles relative to the first magnet face one another to provide a repulsive force, while for pulling operations unlike poles face one another. The magnitude of the current sets a force applied by the contacting surface to a workpiece.

Abstract: A switching contact, an electromagnetically operated electromagnet for driving the switching contact, and a drive power source device for driving the electromagnetically operated electromagnet. The electromagnetically operated electromagnet includes a movable core coupled to a movable contact of the switching contact, a fixed core located in a peripheral portion of the movable core, and coils wound around the movable core and the fixed core. Currents are supplied to the coils to drive the movable core. Capacitors store charges for supplying the current to the coils. Resistors are arranged in series with a path through which the capacitors are connected with the coils of the electromagnetically operated electromagnet and through which a current for closing operation flows. Capacitances of the capacitors and values of the resistors are controlled to adjust a supplied current characteristic to the electromagnetically operated electromagnet.

Abstract: A coil configuration having a tube-shaped coil brace of an electromagnetic drive is provided, particularly a two-stage starter solenoid switch, the coil configuration having a holding winding and a pull-in winding. The coil brace has at its one end a first delimitation and at its other end a second delimitation, between which the holding winding is situated. The first delimitation has on its side, facing away from its second delimitation, an axial recess for accommodating the pull-in winding.

Abstract: The actuator (10, 90) of a personal care appliance, such as a toothbrush (11), which includes a housing member (12), a double E shaped yoke assembly (14, 52) with two electrical coils (36, 38) wound around the opposing E shaped sections. An armature (28) extends adjacent the top of the yoke assembly (14, 52), extending beyond the edges thereof. The armature (28) further includes side portions which extend adjacent the sides of the E shaped yoke (52), with each side portion including two spaced magnets which are aligned with the coils (36, 38) when the actuator (10, 90) is in a rest position. Power is supplied from a battery source, and a programmable control assembly (46) applies power to the coils (36, 38) in a selected manner to produce axial and/or tangential or complex movement of the brushhead workpiece (33) at the end of an output shaft extending from the armature (28).

Abstract: An actuation magnet is provided for moving a closure needle of a hot-runner nozzle of an injection molding tool. The actuation magnet has an armature which is coupled in movement to the closure needle and may be displaced between first and second cores by subjecting at least one coil to current. A permanent magnet is arranged in a manner such that it exerts an additional magnetic force on the armature in at least one, preferably two, movement directions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a magnetic actuating device containing a reference element and an adjusting element which is movably disposed between first and second end positions with respect to the reference element. The reference and/or adjusting elements contain a magnetizable material. A drive coil is provided for generating a magnetic field that moves the adjusting element from the first to the second end position. A mechanical clamping device is provided for producing mechanical forces that move the adjusting element from the second to the first end position. A fixing device is provided with a permanent magnet for generating a holding force fixing the adjusting element in the second end position with respect to the reference element. The fixing device contains a fixing unit separated from the adjusting element and provided with the permanent magnet.

Abstract: A solenoid is provided which, in the preferred embodiment, has a housing having an axial opening in it. The housing has a divider mounted in the axial opening to separate the axial opening into a first segment and a second segment. Respective ones of a first pole piece and a second pole piece are located on opposite sides of the divider. The first pole piece is moveable with the first segment between an extended position and a retracted position, the first pole piece having a plunger positioned at an end of the first pole piece. A permanent magnet is moveably mounted from the axial opening and is moveable independently of the second pole piece between at least a first position adjacent to the divider, and a second position adjacent the second pole piece. The construction provides a fast acting, low cost latching solenoid construction.

Abstract: At least two sets of driving coils of the same individual electromagnetic actuating device of the present invention in parallel connection or series and parallel connection to appear relatively lower impedance being actuated to obtain larger actuating force is further manipulated by the switching device to only partially electrified coils thus reducing current passing through driving coils, while required operating characteristics of the electromagnetic actuating device can still be satisfied by the electromagnetic effective force.

Abstract: An actuator has a resilient shape memory member 1 with superelasticity, a magnetic body 2, and a magnetic field generator 3. At least one of the magnetic body 2 and the magnetic field generator 3 is fixed to the resilient shape memory member 1 such that one of the magnetic body 2 and the magnetic field generator 3 is stationary while the other is movable, whereby the movable member is moved by a magnetic field provided from the magnetic field generator 3.

Abstract: A fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of combustion engines, in particular for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of a combustion engine, comprising a fuel inlet which is adapted to have fuel flow into the fuel injection valve, an electrically controllable actuation means which cooperates with a valve arrangement in order to cause the fuel in a directly or indirectly controlled manner to exit into the combustion chamber through a fuel outlet, with the actuation means comprising a magnet coil arrangement to be supplied with current, an essentially soft magnetic magnet yoke arrangement cooperating with same, as well as an essentially soft magnetic magnet armature arrangement cooperating with same, with the magnet yoke arrangement and/or the magnet armature arrangement comprising a configuration which reduces eddy currents.

Abstract: An inline electromagnetic tool actuator incorporates an actuator housing, an elongated armature, a tool assembly, spaced-apart return magnets, at least one drive magnet, and at least one magnet wire. The elongated armature is located inside the housing, and is adapted for reciprocating linear movement along a notional assembly axis. The tool assembly is operatively attached to the armature. The return magnets are located inside the housing, and are coaxially aligned with the armature. The return magnets have respective inward facing surfaces defining respective magnetic poles. The drive magnet is affixed to the armature, and is arranged between the return magnets. The drive magnet has opposing outward facing surfaces each of like polarity to adjacent inward facing surfaces of the return magnets. The magnet wire is coiled about the armature.

Abstract: Electromagnetic actuator for operating at least one movable contact of a switch into a switched-on position or a switched-off position. The electromagnetic actuator (1) has a first magnetic circuit for making a movable (3) and a fixed (4) pole body move towards one another and a second magnetic circuit, separate from the first magnetic circuit, with a permanent magnet (9) and a retaining plate (10). A switching-off coil (15) operates to counteract the magnetic field in the second magnetic circuit so that the actuator (1) can return to a switched-off position. In the axial direction of the actuator (1), the switching-off coil (15) is positioned Gloser to the retaining plate (10) than the permanent magnet (9), as a result of which more effective operation of the actuator is possible. Furthermore, the actuator is constructed from cylindrical elements that are easy to produce and to assemble.

Abstract: A common rail fuel injector comprises a three-way control valve that controls the flow of high-pressure fuel to a fuel cavity for fuel injection. Specifically, when the control valve is transitioning to a first, on position, from a second, off position, high-pressure fuel is provided to both the fuel cavity and to a check control cavity, thereby preventing fuel injection until the control valve seats in the first, on position. Once seated in the first, on position, the control valve only provides high-pressure fuel to the fuel cavity allowing fuel injection to occur. To stop injection, the control valve is moved from the first, on position to the second, closed position. Once again, while the control valve is in the transition location between the two positions, high-pressure fuel is provided to both the fuel cavity and to the check control cavity thereby terminating injection.

Abstract: An actuator assembly comprised of: a first coil and a second coil, each with a bore and a producing a magnetic flux when subject to an electric signal; a tube extending through the bores such that coils are coaxial; a magnetic pole piece within the tube and generally between the first bore and the second bore; a magnetic ring set outside of the tube and between the coils, in which the magnetic flux paths both travel through the magnetic pole piece and the magnetic ring to complete their respective magnetic paths; and a first and second axially translatable movable member within the tube and wherein the movable members each axially translate towards the magnetic pole piece in the presence of the magnetic flux such that by controlling the electric signal, proportionality can be achieved.

Abstract: A valve actuator for an internal combustion engine is described having a core having a wound coil located therein, said core further having at least one permanent magnet located at least partially inside or outside said coil and positioned at an angle relative to a direction of movement of an armature. Further, various recesses, indentations, chamfers, bevels, and/or depressions may be included to affect flux leakage, and/or force generation.

Abstract: A shift actuator for a transmission for turning, in a direction of shift, a shift lever support mechanism mounting the shift lever of the transmission, wherein it comprises an operation lever coupled, at its intermediate portion, to said shift lever support mechanism, the first electromagnetic solenoid and the second electromagnetic solenoid which are each coupled to both ends of said operation lever so as to operate in the upward and downward directions; and an operation rod of said first electromagnetic solenoid is coupled to one end of said operation lever and an operation rod of said second electromagnetic solenoid is coupled to the other end of said operation lever.

Abstract: The injector has a cylindrical body, which houses an injection nozzle regulated by an injection valve provided with a moveable pin, a fuel supply line, an injection chamber communicating with the supply line, housing a lower portion of the pin and delimited below by a valve seat of the injection valve, a control chamber communicating with the supply line and housing an upper portion of the pin, and a control valve, which is capable of putting the control chamber in communication with a drain for the low-pressure fuel and is controlled by an electromagnetic actuator provided with a pair of electromagnets identical with each other and arranged mechanically in series with each other so that their respective thrust forces are added together.

Abstract: A gear change device including a shift lever support mechanism arranged in a casing to support a shift lever so as to slide in the axial direction of the casing and to rotate, a select actuator for operating the shift lever support mechanism to slide the shift lever in the axial direction which is the direction of selection, and a shift actuator for rotating the shift lever support mechanism to rotate the shift lever in the direction of shift. The shift actuator has an operation lever, with a base portion mounted on the shift lever support mechanism, and a pair of electromagnetic solenoids arranged facing each other, with the acting portion of the operation lever interposed therebetween. The solenoids are inclined with respect to the horizontal direction. A compression spring produces an urging force in the direction of operation of the electromagnetic solenoid which operates upward along the inclination.

Abstract: A system for electronically actuating valves in an engine. The system includes a first voltage source, a second voltage source, and plural valve actuator subsystems coupled between the first voltage source and the second voltage source. Each valve actuator subsystem has a valve actuator and a switch. One of the actuator subsystems is configured so that current flows from the first voltage source through the valve actuator of the subsystem when the switch is in a first position, and when the switch is in a second position, current is permitted to flow from the valve actuator toward the second voltage source. Another of the valve actuator subsystems is configured so that current flows from the second voltage source through the valve actuator of the subsystem when the switch is in a first position, and when the switch is in a second position, current is permitted to flow from the valve actuator toward the first voltage source.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling an internal combustion engine provide valve actuation that selectively couples an energy storage device to a launching coil to recover energy stored in the magnetic field and valve spring of the launching coil, decouples the energy storage device during a valve opening or closing event to control energy supplied to the catching coil, and couples the energy storage device to the catching coil to transfer energy from the storage device to the catching coil to provide a repeatable soft landing. A nonlinear feedback controller incorporates a feedforward system with an observer to control the rate of energy into the magnetic field of the catching coil while compensating for system losses and work to overcome gas forces within the combustion chamber. Feedback linearization techniques improve stability of the control system.