Abstract: A magnet, a support arm for connecting the magnet to a load, and an adjusting mechanism for adjusting a magnitude of the field of the magnet in relation to variations in the load and method are disclosed.

Abstract: A magnetic plate or holder, especially for machine tools, of the type in which a magnetically attractable workpiece can be retained by magnetic force on the plate for a machining process, e.g. surface grinding, comprises a pole plate, a frame of soft magnetic material and a sole plate of soft magnetic material. Within the frame there is disposed a stack of alternately hard magnetic material, magnets of high coercive force and magnetic cores of low coercive force provided with respective energizing coils. In the inoperative position of the system, the electromagnetic cores are magnetized opposite the high-coercive-force hard magnetic members and, in the inoperative position of the magnetic plate, the magnetic cores are magnetized in the same sense as the hard magnetic bodies, thereby closing a magnetic short circuit field through the stack, the frame and the sole plate.

Abstract: The lifting magnet disclosed herein is adapted for lifting layered pipe. The pipe is engaged by a pair of elongate pole pieces which extend transversely to the length of the pipe, the pole pieces being energized by at least one coil disposed therebetween. The pole pieces are of essentially uniform thickness over most of their length but have substantially thicker portions adjacent each end so as to provide, to a pipe contacting the ends of the pole pieces, an approach flux path of cross-sectional area substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the approach flux path presented to a pipe contacting the pole pieces intermediate their ends.

Abstract: An electromagnet for use in electric brakes and similar type clutches which will apply balanced friction face pressure against a rotating armature face despite the additional, externally imposed, pressures which are directed to its leading edge by tipping moments existing at its point of restraint. The electromagnet departs from conventional design in that a non-magnetic wear or friction face replaces a sufficient area of the outer magnetic pole face on the leading edge of the electromagnet to insure that the externally imposed forces on the leading edge of the electromagnet are balanced by the magnetic linkage forces existing in the rest of the electromagnet faces. Balanced friction face pressure greatly increases the performance and useful life of an electromagnet and the electric brake or clutch system which it actuates.