Abstract: There are provided a permanent magnet and a manufacturing method thereof capable of manufacturing metal alkoxide in better work environment, simpler production facilities and easier manufacturing process and also reducing the manufacturing costs. An electrolytic solution is obtained through dissolving chloride or injecting hydrogen chloride gas into alcohol which is same alcohol as is a constituent element of metal alkoxide to be manufactured. Then, electrolysis is performed on the electrolytic solution while using, for an anode, a ferroalloy that contains iron and metal which is a constituent element of the metal alkoxide to be manufactured in a predetermined weight ratio (such as 1:1), and, for a cathode, the same ferroalloy, carbon, platinum or stainless steel, so as to obtain an alcohol solution of the metal alkoxide. Then, a permanent magnet is manufactured using the alcohol solution of the metal alkoxide thus obtained.

Abstract: An electromagnetic energy transducer configured to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy comprises two magnetic elements including a permanent magnetic element and a soft-magnetic element and an electrical coil. The permanent magnetic element and the soft-magnetic element are arranged to form a magnetic circuit and one of the two magnetic elements is movable in relation to the other of the two magnetic elements. The electrical coil surrounds a part of the soft magnetic element. The movable magnetic element is held in a first position by a spring force and moved into a second position by applying an external mechanical force exceeding the spring force, and at the first position the magnetic flux within the soft magnetic element is different than the flux at the second position.

Abstract: There are provided a permanent magnet and a manufacturing method thereof capable of preventing degrade in the magnetic properties by densely sintering the entirety of the magnet. To fine powder of milled neodymium magnet is added an organometallic compound solution containing an organometallic compound expressed with a structural formula of M-(OR)X (M represents Dy or Tb, R represents a substituent group consisting of a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon, X represents an arbitrary integer) so as to uniformly adhere the organometallic compound to particle surfaces of the neodymium magnet powder. Thereafter, the desiccated magnet powder is calcined by utilizing plasma heating and the powdery calcined body is sintered so as to form a permanent magnet 1.

Abstract: A magnet includes: a magnet main body; and an ultraviolet curing resin layer formed on a surface of the magnet main body.

Abstract: There are provided a permanent magnet and a manufacturing method thereof that enables concentration of V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W or Nb contained in an organometallic compound in grain boundaries of the permanent magnet. To fine powder of milled neodymium magnet is added an organometallic compound solution containing an organometallic compound expressed with a structural formula of M-(OR)x (M represents V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W or Nb, R represents a substituent group consisting of a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon, x represents an arbitrary integer) so as to uniformly adhere the organometallic compound to particle surfaces of the neodymium magnet powder. Thereafter, a compact body obtained by compacting the magnet powder is held for several hours in hydrogen atmosphere at 200 through 900 degrees Celsius so as to perform a calcination process in hydrogen. Thereafter, through sintering, a permanent magnet is manufactured.

Abstract: There are provided a permanent magnet and a manufacturing method thereof capable of preventing grain growth in a main phase and enabling rare-earth rich phase to be uniformly dispersed. To fine powder of milled neodymium magnet material is added an organometallic compound solution containing an organometallic compound expressed with a structural formula of M-(OR)x (in the formula, M represents Cu or Al, R represents a substituent group consisting of a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon, x represents an arbitrary integer) so as to uniformly adhere the organometallic compound to particle surfaces of the neodymium magnet powder. Thereafter, a compact body formed by compacting the above neodymium magnet powder is held for several hours in hydrogen atmosphere at 200 through 900 degrees Celsius. Thereafter, through a sintering process, a permanent magnet is manufactured.

Abstract: There are provided a permanent magnet and a manufacturing method thereof enabling carbon content contained in magnet particles to be reduced in advance before sintering even when wet milling is employed, and also the entirety of the magnet to be densely sintered without making a gap between a main phase and a grain boundary phase in the sintered magnet. Coarsely-milled magnet powder is further milled by a bead mill in an organic solvent. Thereafter, a compact body of compacted magnet powder is held for several hours in hydrogen atmosphere at 200 through 900 degrees Celsius to perform hydrogen calcination process. Thereafter, through sintering process, a permanent magnet 1 is formed.

Abstract: A method of making a permanent magnet is described. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a first alloy powder having a desired composition, the alloy powder containing neodymium, iron, and boron; coating the first alloy powder with dysprosium, dysprosium alloy. terbium, or terbium alloy so that the first alloy powder has a surface concentration of dysprosium, terbium, or both in excess of a bulk concentration of dysprosium, terbium, or both; and forming the permanent magnet from the coated alloy powder using a powder metallurgy process, the permanent magnet having a non-uniform distribution of dysprosium, terbium, or both therein. Permanent magnets are also described.

Abstract: There are provided a permanent magnet and a manufacturing method thereof capable of densely sintering the entirety of the magnet without making a gap between a main phase and a grain boundary phase in the sintered magnet. To fine powder of milled neodymium magnet is added an organometallic compound solution containing an organometallic compound expressed with a structural formula of M-(OR)x (M represents V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W or Nb, R represents a substituent group consisting of a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon, x represents an arbitrary integer) so as to uniformly adhere the organometallic compound to particle surfaces of the neodymium magnet powder. Thereafter, desiccated magnet powder is held for several hours in hydrogen atmosphere at 200 through 900 degrees Celsius. Thereafter, the powdery calcined body calcined through the calcination process in hydrogen is held for several hours in vacuum atmosphere at 200 through 600 degrees Celsius for a dehydrogenation process.

Abstract: There are provided a permanent magnet and a manufacturing method thereof capable of inhibiting grain growth of magnet grains having single domain particle size during sintering so as to improve magnetic properties. To fine powder of milled neodymium magnet is added an organometallic compound solution containing an organometallic compound expressed with a structural formula of M-(OR)x (M represents V, Mo, Zr, Ta, Ti, W or Nb, R represents a substituent group consisting of a straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon, x represents an arbitrary integer) so as to uniformly adhere the organometallic compound to particle surfaces of the neodymium magnet powder. Thereafter, the desiccated magnet powder is calcined by utilizing plasma heating and the powdery calcined body is sintered so as to form a permanent magnet 1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sintered NdFeB magnet having high coercivity (HcJ) a high maximum energy product ((BH)max) and a high squareness ratio (SQ) even when the sintered magnet has a thickness of 5 mm or more. The sintered NdFeB magnet is produced by diffusing Dy and/or Tb in grain boundaries in a base material of the sintered NdFeB magnet by a grain boundary diffusion process. The sintered NdFeB magnet is characterized in that the amount of rare earth in a metallic state in the base material is between 12.7 and 16.0% in atomic ratio, a rare earth-rich phase continues from the surface of the base material to a depth of 2.5 mm from the surface at the grain boundaries of the base material, and the grain boundaries in which RH has been diffused by the grain boundary diffusion process reach a depth of 2.5 mm from the surface.

Abstract: A method and system for producing a slim-shaped sintered NdFeB magnet having a high level of coercive force and high degree of orientation, as well as a sintered NdFeB magnet produced by the aforementioned method or system. A system for producing a slim-shaped sintered NdFeB magnet according to the present invention includes: a filling unit and filling alloy powder; an orienting unit; a sintering furnace; and a conveying unit. The orienting unit is provided with a heating and orienting coil for heating the alloy powder in the molds before and/or after the application of the magnetic field so as to decrease the coercive force of the individual particles of the alloy powder.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a magnet material includes a composition represented by Rx(Nb1-pZrp)yBZ(T1-qMq)100-x-y-z, where R is an element selected from rare earth elements and 50 at. % or more of R is Sm, T is Fe alone or a mixture of Fe and Co containing 50 at. % or more of Fe, M is at least one element selected from Ni, Cu, V, Cr, Mn, Al, Si, Ga, Ta and W, p is 0?p?0.5, q is 0?q?0.2, x is 4?x?15 at. %, y is 1?y?4 at. %, z is 0.001?z<4 at. %, and a structure having a TbCu7 crystal phase as a main phase.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a ferrite magnetic material capable of providing a permanent magnet in which high Br and HcJ are kept, and which has a high Hk/HcJ. A ferrite magnetic material in accordance with a preferred embodiment has a ferrite phase having a hexagonal structure and has a main composition represented by Ca1-w-x-yRwSrxBayFezMmO19(R is at least one element of rare earth elements (including Y) essentially including La, and Bi, and M is at least one element of Co, Mn, Mg, Ni, Cu, and Zn essentially including Co), where 0.25<w<0.65, 0.01<x<0.45, 0.0002<y<0.011, y<x, 8<z<11, 1.0<w/m<2.5, and 0.017<m/z<0.065 are satisfied. The total amount of a Si component is 0.1 to 3 mass % based on the amount of the main composition, and respective elements satisfy the relationship of 1.5?[(Ca+R+Sr+Ba)?(Fe+M)/12]/Si?3.5.

Abstract: A magnetic head is controlled more stably when retracted from above a magnetic disk. When a permanent magnet member 10 having a protrusion projecting from the longer periphery to a side opposite to the center of a fan is mounted on a yoke 15, the end part P side where the sum of thicknesses (P1+P2) is the largest, i.e., the upper face side of a magnet matrix 111 on the protrusion side, is higher than the upper face side of the magnet matrix in the other area. Therefore, since the magnet matrix 111 in the protrusion is located closer to a lock pin 21, the magnetic attraction force between the lock pin 21 and the permanent magnet member 10 becomes stronger, so that the permanent magnet member 10 is locked more firmly when retracted from above the magnetic disk (at the time of locking), whereby the stability can be enhanced.

Abstract: A rare earth magnet molding (1) of the present invention includes rare earth magnet particles (2), and an insulating phase (3) present among the rare earth magnet particles. Segregation regions (4) in which at least one element selected from the group consisting of Dy, Tb, Pr and Ho is segregated are distributed in the rare earth magnet particles (2). Accordingly, the rare earth magnet molding that has excellent resistance to heat in motor environments or the like while maintaining high magnetic characteristics (coercive force) is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnet having a linear magnetic flux density, which causes the magnetic flux density thereof to vary linearly and, more particularly, to a magnet having a linear magnetic flux density, in which the shape and magnetization pattern of the magnet are changed so that displacement in proportion to linearly varying displacement from the magnet is more accurately measured using a magnetic flux sensor, thus causing the magnetic flux density to vary linearly (or rectilinearly) according to the displacement. The present invention is configured to have a rectangular shape or a trapezoid shape so that displacement in proportion to linearly varying displacement from the magnet is more accurately measured using a magnetic flux sensor, and is configured such that the value of magnetic flux density varies linearly (rectilinearly) according to the magnetization pattern of the rectangular shape or a trapezoid shape.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a magnet material includes a composition represented by R(FepMqCur(Co1-aAa)1-p-q-r)z, where R is at least one element selected from rare earth elements, M is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr and Hf, A is at least one element selected from Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Al, Si, Ga, Nb, Ta, and W, p is 0.05?p?0.6, q is 0.005?q?0.1, r is 0.01?r?0.15, a is 0?a?0.2, z is 4?z?9, and a structure including an intragranular phase having a Th2Zn17 crystal phase and a grain boundary phase. An average crystal grain diameter of the intragranular phase is in a range of 20 to 500 nm, and an average thickness of the grain boundary phase is smaller than a magnetic domain wall thickness.

Abstract: In the rare earth sintered magnet, the ratio of R2 to the sum of R1 and R2 that are contained in crystal grain boundaries surrounding the crystal grains in the rare earth sintered magnet body is higher than the ratio of R2 to the sum of R1 and R2 in the crystal grains, and the concentration of R2 increases from the central portion of the rare earth sintered magnet body toward the surface of the rare earth sintered magnet body. In addition, the degree of unevenness in residual magnetic flux density on the surface of the rare earth sintered magnet body is smaller than 3.0%.

Abstract: Method, devices and systems are provided for measuring deformation in subterranean formations. Such methods include introduction of spaced-apart depth magnetic markers along the longitudinal length of a well bore and measuring the position of each depth marker over time so as to determine deformation of the subterranean formation. In certain embodiments, depth markers comprise rare earth magnets. In further embodiments, orientation of each magnetic bullet is determined over time to determine the change in orientation of each magnetic bullet. Advantages of the methods and devices herein include, but are not limited to, improved accuracy and reliability of deformation measurements and reduced environmental impact due to the avoidance of radioactive markers used by the present invention.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus that employ a coil-less magnetoelectric flux switch arrangement to repeatedly switch magnetic flux from at least one permanent magnet for the purposes of generating motive force and/or electrical energy.

Abstract: A method and device for a switchable core element-based permanent magnet apparatus, for holding and lifting a target, comprised of two or more carrier platters containing core elements. The core elements are magnetically matched soft steel pole conduits attached to the north and south magnetic poles of one or more permanent magnets, inset into carrier platters. The pole conduits contain and redirect the permanent magnets' magnetic field to the upper and lower faces of the carrier platters. By containing and redirecting the magnetic field within the pole conduits, like poles have a simultaneous level of attraction and repulsion. Aligning upper core elements “in-phase,” that is, north-north/south-south with the lower core elements, activates the apparatus by redirecting the combined magnetic fields of the pole conduits into the target.

Abstract: There is disclosed a magnetic body comprising an agglomeration of bonded rare earth magnetic particles characterized in that said magnetic body exhibits a maximum energy product loss (?BHmax) of 12% or less as measured by ASTM 977/977M when subjected to a temperature of 180° C. for 1000 hours and a process for the manufacture of the same.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a magnet assembly that includes surrounding a bonded magnet with a sleeve, heating the magnet, and compressing the magnet in an axial direction such that the magnet and sleeve expand in a radial direction.

Abstract: A rare-earth element including a magnet body containing a rare-earth element, and a protective layer formed on a surface of the magnet body. The protective layer may include a first layer covering the magnet body and containing a rare-earth element, and a second layer covering the first layer and containing substantially no rare-earth element. Another protective layer in accordance may include an inner protective layer and an outer protective layer successively from the magnet body side. The outer protective layer is any of an oxide layer, a resin layer, a metal salt layer, and a layer containing an organic-inorganic hybrid compound.

Abstract: A method for producing a sintered R-T-B based magnet includes the steps of: providing a sintered R-T-B based magnet body 1; providing an RH diffusion source 2 including a metal or an alloy of a heavy rare-earth element RH (which is at least one of Dy an Tb); loading the sintered magnet body 1 and the RH diffusion source 2 into a processing chamber 3 so that the magnet body 1 and the diffusion source 2 are movable relative to each other and brought close to, or in contact with, each other; and performing an RH diffusion process by conducting a heat treatment on the sintered R-T-B based magnet body 1 and the RH diffusion source 2 at a temperature of 500° C. to 850° C. for at least 10 minutes while moving the magnet body 1 and the diffusion source 2 either continuously or discontinuously in the processing chamber 3.

Abstract: A sintered ferrite magnet comprising (a) a ferrite phase having a hexagonal M-type magnetoplumbite structure comprising Ca, an element R which is at least one of rare earth elements and indispensably includes La, an element A which is Ba and/or Sr, Fe, and Co as indispensable elements, the composition of metal elements of Ca, R, A, Fe and Co being represented by the general formula of Ca1-x-yRxAyFe2n-zCoz, wherein the atomic ratios (1-x-y), x, y and z of these elements and the molar ratio n meet the relations of 0.3?(1-x-y)?0.65, 0.2?x?0.65, 0?y?0.2, 0.03?z?0.65, and 4?n?7, and (b) a grain boundary phase indispensably containing Si, the amount of Si being more than 1% by mass and 1.8% or less by mass (calculated as SiO2) based on the entire sintered ferrite magnet, and its production method.

Abstract: An anisotropic rare earth sintered magnet has a tetragonal R2Fe14B compound as a major magnetic phase, wherein R is Nd or a mixture of Nd with at least one rare earth element. Grains of the compound phase have two crystallographic axes, c and a-axes aligned. The biaxially aligned magnet exhibits a coercivity Hc of at least 1.6 MA/m.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator including an actuating member associated with an armature and able to move under the action of at least one electromagnet, a coil, and a core suitable for channeling a flux of the coil so that the flux closes within the armature, where the core includes a base from which branches extend, including a central branch around which the coil extends, and two permanent magnets which are associated with the core. The two permanent magnets are placed in the central branch of the core in order to form a V, which separates the central branch into two parts so that any section of the core or the armature through which the flux from one or the other of the permanent magnets can pass, has an area large enough to prevent saturation by this flux.

Abstract: A cylindrical permanent magnet device that induces in a central area of interest a homogeneous magnetic field of predetermined orientation relative to a longitudinal axis (z) of the device comprises first and second annular magnetized structures (111, 121) disposed symmetrically relative to a plane (P) that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (z) and contains the central area of interest, and a third annular magnetized structure (112, 122) disposed between the first and second structures (111, 121) and also disposed symmetrically relative to the plane (P) of symmetry. The first, second, and third annular magnetized structures (111, 121, 112, 122) are divided into components in the form of sectors.

Abstract: A composite magnetic body is formed by pressure-molding Fe—Al—Si based magnetic metal powder having a composition not more than 5.7 wt % and not less than 8.5 wt % of Al, not more than 6.0 wt % and not less than 9.5 wt % of Si, and the balance of Fe together with an insulating binder, and heat-treating the molded powder at a temperature ranging from 600° C. to 900° C. The magnetic metal powder has a negative magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant at a room temperature, and has a positive magnetostriction constant at the room temperature. A temperature coefficient of core loss at the room temperature is negative. This composite magnetic body has improved temperature characteristics of the core-loss as well as excellent soft magnetic characteristics, such as lower loss and higher permeability.

Abstract: A magnetic field interactive material being part of a machine component or mechanism utilizing magnetic or electro-magnetic field forces in said components operation and comprising specifically located magnetic particles incorporated into a non homogeneous amalgamation within the matrix or structural matrix of primarily a metal material differing from that of the magnetic particles therein forming an integrated component possessing magnetic field interactive capabilities, allowing such magnetic field interactive components to have a wide array of uses one of which is associated with Hybrid and Electric Vehicles.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a permanent magnet can effectively improve the magnetizing properties and coercive force with efficiently diffusing Dy into grain boundary phases without deteriorating a surface of sintered magnet of Nd—Fe—B family and does not require any subsequent working process. Sintered magnet S of Nd—Fe—B family and Dy are arranged in a processing chamber apart from each other. Then Dy is evaporated by heating the processing chamber under a reduced pressure condition to evaporate Dy with elevating the temperature of sintered magnet S to a predetermined temperature and to supply and deposit evaporated Dy atoms onto the surface of sintered magnet S. During which the supplying amount of Dy atoms onto the sintered magnet S is controlled so as to diffuse and homogeneously penetrate them into the grain boundary phases of sintered magnet before Dy layer is formed on the surface of sintered magnet.

Abstract: A levitating mount apparatus is provided which utilizes a permanent magnetic male and female levitation support as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,501,922. The mount has two general forms. In one general class, the mount is attached to an axle aligned with the axis of symmetry of the female part of the permanent magnetic male and female levitation support. In the second class, the female part of the permanent magnetic male and female levitations support is attached to the bottom of the mount, and no axle is utilized. The mount is stabilized using a stationary support structure which has limited contact with the levitating portion of the apparatus at the top of the mount.

Abstract: A magnet that includes a composite body and at least one reinforcing element. The reinforcing element is embedded within the body and increases the radial strength of the body. As a result, the magnet is able to rotate at higher speeds without fracturing. Additionally, methods of manufacturing the magnet are described.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a permanent magnet includes a composition of R (FepMqCur(Co1-sAs)1-p-q-r)z (R: rare earth element, M: Ti, Zr, Hf, A: Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Al, Si, Ga, Nb, Ta, W, 0.05?p 0.6, 0.005?q?0.1, 0.01?r?0.15, 0?s?0.2, 4?z?9). The permanent magnet includes a two-phase structure of a Th2Zn17 crystal phase and a copper-rich phase. An average interval between the copper-rich phases in a cross section including a crystal c axis of the Th2Zn17 crystal phase is in a range of over 120 nm and less than 500 nm.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a permanent magnet has a composition represented by (Sm1-xRx)(FepMqCurCo1·p·q·r)z, where R is at least one element selected from Nd and Pr, M is at least one element selected from Ti, Zr and Hf, and 0.22?p?0.45, 0.005?q?0.05, 0.01?r?0.1, 0.05?x<0.5, and 7?z?9. The permanent magnet includes a Th2Zn17 crystal phase as a main phase, and a ratio of diffraction peak intensity I(113) from a (113) plane of the Th2Zn17 crystal phase in powder X-ray diffraction to diffraction peak intensity I(300) from a (300) plane in powder X-ray diffraction is in a range of 0.9?I(113)/I(300)?1.7.

Abstract: A magnetic attachment mechanism and method is described. The magnetic attachment mechanism can be used to releasably attach at least two objects together in a preferred configuration without fasteners and without external intervention. The magnetic attachment mechanism can be used to releasably attach an accessory device to an electronic device. The accessory device can be used to augment the functionality of usefulness of the electronic device.

Abstract: A magnetic attachment mechanism and method is described. The magnetic attachment mechanism can be used to releasably attach at least two objects together in a preferred configuration without fasteners and without external intervention. The magnetic attachment mechanism can be used to releasably attach an accessory device to an electronic device. The accessory device can be used to augment the functionality of usefulness of the electronic device.

Abstract: A rotary actuator with a magnetically produced tactile sense is provided, in particular for a motor vehicle. The rotary actuator includes two plane-parallel permanent magnets, with the first magnet being arranged in a fixed position in a housing of the rotary actuator, and in which case the second magnet can be rotated with respect to the first magnet by a handle of the rotary actuator.

Abstract: A magnetically directed, self-assembled structure has a first body. The first body includes a single magnet or plurality of magnets disposed thereon to form a spatially variable magnetic field in a first predetermined pattern. A second body has a single magnet or plurality of magnets disposed thereon to form a spatially variable magnetic field in a second predetermined pattern. The second predetermined pattern is complementary to the first pattern. The first body is attracted to the second body with an attractive force greater than a mixture force such that the first body and second body are fully aligned to each other and bonded together.

Abstract: A magnetic attachment mechanism and method is described. The magnetic attachment mechanism can be used to releasably attach at least two objects together in a preferred configuration without fasteners and without external intervention. The magnetic attachment mechanism can be used to releasably attach an accessory device to an electronic device. The accessory device can be used to augment the functionality of usefulness of the electronic device.

Abstract: A magnet arrangement for creating a magnetic field. The magnet arrangement includes a first magnet having a first surface defining a first pole and a second surface defining a second pole opposite the first pole, and a second magnet having a third surface defining a third pole and a fourth surface defining a fourth pole opposite the third pole. The second surface has a higher magnetic flux density than the first surface. The third surface has a higher magnetic flux density than the fourth surface. The second magnet is spaced from the first magnet to define a first gap between the second surface and the third surface. Magnetic field lines of the magnetic field run from the first surface to the second surface, from the second surface to the third surface through the first gap, and from the third surface to the fourth surface.

Abstract: A nanomagnetic flip-flop, or register. The nanomagnetic register receives a signal from an input signal nanomagnet on a first clock cycle, and provides the input to an output signal nanomagnet on a second clock cycle. The input signal nanomagnet and the output signal nanomagnet are arranged on a substrate. Each of the signal nanomagnets has an easy axis and a hard axis that are substantially in a signal plane. A register nanomagnet is arranged on the substrate between the input signal nanomagnet and the output signal nanomagnet. The register nanomagnet has an easy axis and a hard axis that are substantially in a register plane. The register plane is not coplanar with the signal plane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a switch, in particular a vehicle switch, comprising a switching part which can be coupled to an actuation element, is rotationally mounted about a rotational axis and can adopt defined switch positions. The switching part comprises at least one permanent magnet comprising several south pole and/or north pole sections, and at least two magnetic field sensors which are arranged in a fixed manner in relation to the switching part. The output signals of said sensors, according to the switch position of the contact piece, is dependent upon whether a south or north pole section of the at least one permanent magnet is in the detection range of the respective magnetic field sensor and said output signals form an easy to determine binary switch code in the respective switch position. The invention also relates to an evaluation device for said type of switch, a switch unit comprising said type of switch and an evaluation unit.

Abstract: A method and system for propagating signals along a line of nanomagnets. Nanomagnets having an easy axis and a hard axis are provided a biaxial anisotropy term, which increases metastability along the hard axis. The nanomagnets are forced into hard-axis alignment. A magnetization direction of a first nanomagnet is caused to cant upward. Dipole coupling interactions between the first nanomagnet and an adjacent nanomagnet cause a magnetization direction of the adjacent nanomagnet to cant downward in an anti-parallel alignment. This cascade continues reliably along the line of nanomagnets. The biaxial anisotropy term provides additional stability along the hard axis to ensure the nanomagnets do not prematurely align along the easy axis. Various logic gates using nanomagnets, stabilizer nanomagnets, destabilizer nanomagnets, and magnetic diodes are also disclosed.

Abstract: A group of magnetic strands are configured into a minimal number of solid magnetized toroidal rings with a conical magnetization direction and then aligned, stacked and assembled into a magic sphere magnetic structure. Each magnetized toroidal ring has predetermined dimensions to form the inner and outer surfaces of a spherical shell. The present invention also encompasses a magic sphere magnetic device with unsegmented solid magnetized toroidal rings and methods for assembling a magic sphere by stacking magnetized toroidal rings with a conical magnetic direction.

Abstract: Aspects relate to mitigation of a magnetic field produced by one or more units to be shipped such that a magnitude of magnetic field measured is maintained at or below a threshold level. A counter-flux is applied through the use of one or more magnets, magnet arrays, or a geometrical arrangement of magnet arrays. The strength of the counter-flux is varied by altering size, shape, number, polarity and/or location of the one or more magnets or magnet arrays. The one or more magnets or magnet arrays can be constructed as standard assemblies and/or customized magnet assemblies. Additionally, magnet tiles or configurations can provide a return path for stray field leakage and mitigation. Additionally or alternatively, the placement and orientation of the magnets or magnet arrays allows the flux of one or more units to be mitigated, thus, allowing more than one unit to be shipped at the same time.

Abstract: Magnetic structure production may relate, by way of example but not limitation, to methods, systems, etc. for producing magnetic structures by printing magnetic pixels (aka maxels) into a magnetizable material. Disclosed herein is production of magnetic structures having, for example: maxels of varying shapes, maxels with different positioning, individual maxels with different properties, maxel patterns having different magnetic field characteristics, combinations thereof, and so forth. In certain example implementations disclosed herein, a second maxel may be printed such that it partially overwrites a first maxel to produce a magnetic structure having overlapping maxels. In certain example implementations disclosed herein, a magnetic printer may include a print head comprising multiple parts and having various properties. In certain example implementations disclosed herein, various techniques for using a magnetic printer may be employed to produce different magnetic structures.

Abstract: In order to make a sintered R-T-B-M magnet so that R2T14B phases that include a lot of Dy in the surface region of the main phase are distributed over the entire magnet, a region including a heavy rare-earth element RH at a high concentration is formed continuously beforehand at an interface between the crystals of an R2T14B compound that is the main phase of the sintered R-T-B-M magnet and the other phases.