Abstract: The first transmission mechanism of the present invention includes a first permanent magnet, a first rocking member with a rod-like shape that includes one end at which the first permanent magnet is disposed and is extended in Z-axis direction, and two supporting bodies that rockably support the first rocking member at two different positions in Z-axis direction of the first rocking member. The first rocking member is rocked to move the first permanent magnet by an amount of displacement smaller than an amount of displacement inputted to the first supporting body, which is located on a side of the other end of the first rocking member in the two supporting bodies.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing a pole face of a metal closing elements of a solenoid, especially for electromechanical switchgear. In at least one embodiment, the method includes machining the surface of a crude stamped part of the closing element to give the pole face. A corresponding armature, yoke, solenoid and switchgear are also disclosed.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus which aligns a substrate by a stage device for driving a movable element, mounted with a substrate thereon, by using a plane motor. The stage device includes (i) a stator unit having a coil group, and (ii) the movable element, which moves on the stator unit. The stator unit includes (a) an exposure region where the substrate is to be subjected to a process of exposing the substrate, and (b) a measurement region where the substrate is to be subjected to a process of measuring a position of the substrate. The coil group in the stator unit is temperature-controlled independently between the exposure region and the measurement region.

Abstract: A self-healing liquid contact switch and methods for producing such devices are disclosed. An illustrative self-healing liquid contact switch can include an upper actuating surface and a lower actuating surface each having a number of liquid contact regions thereon configured to wet with a liquid metal. The upper and lower actuating surfaces can be brought together electrostatically by an upper and lower actuating electrode. During operation, the liquid metal can be configured to automatically rearrange during each actuating cycle to permit the switch to self-heal.

Abstract: Optical apparatus incorporating a lighting source capable of providing a substantial equal irradiance at each point of an image plane for use in backlighting transparencies during their reproduction and recordation. There is also disclosed and claimed apparatus using the lighting source to produce for the first time high quality electronic images in an analogue format of medical imagery originally or subsequently produced in a tangible form such as X-ray, CT, or MR images. There is further disclosed an integrated system providing apparatus for converting, storing, and retrieving images originally produced in tangible or intangible form that are subsequently converted to an analogue electronic format and stored in analogue format on an optical disc in an optical disc library. The system includes the apparatus for converting the tangible images into high quality electronic images and for converting digital images produced during CT or MR imaging or the like into a common analogue medium.

Abstract: A multi-positional mercury switch (1, 2, 3) for use with miniature relays (4). The mercury switch apparatus has mercury wettable magnetic contact structures (11, 12, 211, 212, 221, 222, 311, 312) supported in a sealed envelope member (10, 20, 30) supporting the magnetic contact structures with ends thereof extending from the envelope member for interconnection with terminals of the relay. A mercury holding assembly (13, 14, 23, 24, 33, 34) is slidably located within the sealed envelope member adjacent the magnetic contact structures and is responsive to an external magnetic field generated by electrical signals in a coil (410) surrounding the sealed envelope member for engaging the magnetic contact structures and establishing an electrical conducting path between the magnetic contact structures.

Abstract: A mercury switch has two spaced apart electrical contacts mechanically supported by its glass envelope and electrically connected to external terminals. A third conductor passes through the glass envelope at the opposite end. A housing for mercury is formed by divergent plates supported on the third conductor, which housing extends into the mercury reservoir near its support so as to draw mercury into the space between the divergent plates. A magnetic partition is supported from the third conductor by a flexible hinge which allows the partition to move back and forth between the divergent plates of the housing alternately into each of a pair of stops between said two spaced apart electrical contacts. Whichever wall of the housing the partition is closest to, the space is narrowed so that the mercury rises under capillary attraction and contacts the electrical contact between the wall and the partition.

Abstract: In a switching device having first and second conductor elements and an operating mechanism shiftable to and from a first position wherein the conductor elements are electrically connected to each other to establish a conductive path therebetween. The device includes a body of mercury, and a mercury wettable porous member between the mercury body and the first conductor element so that the mercury from the body may be forced through the porous body to establish the above-mentioned electrical connection. When the shiftable mechanism is shifted into the first position, the mercury is withdrawn from the first conductor element by the wettable porous member to disconnect the electrical circuit.

Abstract: A mercury-wetted relay construction is disclosed in which a substantially flattened "Z" shaped armature (20) is mounted by means of a flexible hinge (19), at one side of the stem (11) to extend in an overlapping and spaced-apart relation with a contact (16) mounted on the other side of a pole-piece (12), the armature (20) thereby crossing the common longitudinal axis of the stem and pole-piece. An armature oscillation dampening bumper (23) is affixed to the other side of the stem (11) which extends parallel and in a spaced relation with the armature (20) at the contact end. Because of the operating direction of armature (20), the latter member may be abutted against the stem (11) end to reduce to a minimum the magnetic reluctance at this juncture.

Abstract: A movable magnetic armature of a size to nest within stepped faces on a fixed magnetic pole piece and on the armature support, respectively, is attached to the armature support by a conductive spring member which normally biases the armature away from the nested position in which it contacts a contact and stop member on the fixed pole. Imposition of the magnetic field causes the armature to move into closed contact position. The position of the armature even when in open contact position is close to the steps of the fixed pole piece as well as the armature support providing a low reluctance, short throw, quick action switch.

Abstract: A miniature magnetic, mercury-wetted relay construction for achieving optimum magnetic reluctance in its operating flux path and thereby improving relay sensitivity. The dimensions of the armature of the relay are determined for maximum flux-carrying capacity without sacrifice of flexibility by mounting the armature to the relay stem by means of a thin, magnetic hinge. At the pole-piece end of the relay, a recess is provided within which the contact is mounted, the recess forming a flux concentrator projection of the pole-piece which extends outwardly therefrom toward the opposing face of the armature. Reluctance of the flux closure path is further reduced by providing an integral extension of the stem toward the end of the pole-piece which extension advantageously acts as a parallel flux path shunting the small gap presented at the armature end and an end of the stem. By forming the shunt extension integrally with the stem, joint reluctance is eliminated.