Abstract: According to an embodiment, a transformer is provided that includes a first conductive coil wound about a first coil axis and a second conductive coil wound about a second coil axis. The second conductive coil is disposed proximate to the first conductive coil and the second coil axis is substantially parallel to the first coil axis. A closed-loop conductive winding is disposed proximate to the first conductive coil and the second conductive coil. The closed-loop conductive winding is wound about a loop axis at least one time where the loop axis is substantially parallel to the first coil axis and the second coil axis.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing a low-cost and high-precision inductive device. In one embodiment, the inductive device comprises a substrate based inductive device which utilizes inserted conductive pins in combination with plated substrates which replace windings disposed around a magnetically permeable core. In some variations this is accomplished without a header disposed between adjacent substrates while alternative variations utilize a header. In another embodiment, the substrate inductive devices are incorporated into integrated connector modules. Methods of manufacturing and utilizing the aforementioned substrate based inductive devices and integrated connector modules are also disclosed.

Abstract: A dual output autotransformer is realized by employing a novel topology in which three transformers are wound on a single, high permeability, ferrite, binocular core. The three transformers are (1) an autotransformer; (2) a coupled winding to the autotransformer; and, (3) a transmission line transformer. Within the topology employed, the outputs of the coupled line transformer and the transmission line transformer provide the balanced output (secondary) and the input to the autotransformer forms the unbalanced primary. Such an approach results in a wideband response of from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz or greater with the requisite amplitude and phase balance.

Abstract: A super high power transformer includes a base, a plurality of plate bodies, and a plurality of isolating bodies. The base further includes a main core part, a plurality of opening slots, and a plurality of side wing parts. The main core part has a penetrating hole at the center thereof. Each of the plate bodies has an open hole for slipping on the main core part and a guided slot that has a pole lead on both sides thereof. Each of the isolating bodies has a through hole for slipping on the main core part and a guided slot. There is also a pole lead positioned on both sides of the guided slot. To be slipped on the main core part, the plurality of plate bodies and the insulating bodies are alternately stacked up with the plate bodies staggering in turning a 90-degree angle apart sequentially.

Abstract: A splitter circuit for separating voice and data signals includes an input, a first output, a second output, a first inductance transformer, a second inductance transformer, a plurality of capacitors, and a plurality of resistors. The first inductance transformer and the second inductance transformer are connected in series. The second inductance transformer includes a core, a first coil winding, and a second coil winding. The first coil winding and the second coil winding are wound on the core and are connected in series. Two connecting terminals of the first inductance transformer are connected to the input, and two connecting terminals of the first coil winding are connected to the second output. Capacitors and the resistors are interconnected between the first inductance transformer and the second inductance transformer.

Abstract: A transformer structure includes a bobbin, a conductive base, a first winding coil, plural second winding coils, and a magnetic core assembly. The bobbin includes a main body and a channel. The main body has a first winding section and plural first pins. The plural first pins are located at bilateral sides of the main body. The channel runs through the main body. The conductive base is disposed on a bottom side of the bobbin, and includes at least one connecting part. Through the connecting part of the conductive base, at least a portion of the plural first pins are electrically connected with each other. The first winding coil is wound around the first winding section. The second winding coils are connected with corresponding first pins. The magnetic core assembly is partially embedded into the channel of the bobbin.

Abstract: A controllable inductor system includes a multiphase inductor comprising a central winding, a first control winding, and a second control winding, and a control portion comprising a first control logic portion operative to receive a signal indicative of a current of the first control winding and a signal indicative of a current of the sum of the first control winding and the second control winding and modulate a first pulse width modulated signal to responsively control a first transistor connected to the first control winding, and a second control logic portion operative to receive the signal indicative of the current of the first control winding and a signal indicative of a current of the sum of the first control winding and the second control winding and modulate a second pulse width modulated signal to responsively control a second transistor connected to the second control winding.

Abstract: A switchable transformer architecture is disclosed. The switchable transformer includes a primary winding, a secondary winding, and a tertiary winding, in which either the secondary winding or the tertiary winding establish a signal path to the primary winding, based on the position of switches, enabling transmission to either of two blocks sharing the transformer. The transformer architecture achieves high isolation between sharing blocks and low loss on the signal path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magnetic antenna for information communication using a magnetic field component which is a magnetic antenna or an RF tag capable of satisfying both reduction in size and improvement in communication sensitivity. More specifically, the present invention relates to an RF tag comprising a magnetic antenna for transmitting and receiving information using an electromagnetic induction method, and an IC mounted to the magnetic antenna, said magnetic antenna comprising a magnetic core and a plurality of coils formed on the magnetic core in which the coils each have an inductance L1 satisfying the specific relational formula, and are formed with bank winding when the coils are lap-wound so as to prevent increase in parasitic capacitance thereof, connected in parallel to each other in an electric circuit, and disposed in series on the magnetic core; and a combined inductance L0 of the magnetic antenna satisfies the specific relational formula.

Abstract: Disclosed is a planar transformer including a first planar core which is formed of a magnetic substance, a lower secondary winding which is disposed to enclose a first left sill of the first planar core between a first rear sill and a first front sill of the first planar core; a primary winding which is disposed on the lower secondary winding so as to enclose first left and right sills of the first planar core; an upper secondary winding which is disposed on the primary winding to enclose the first left sill of the first planar core; and a second planar core disposed on the upper secondary winding.

Abstract: A transformer has primary coils and secondary coils that are arranged in a laminated manner in a direction of a winding axis and are mutually insulated. The secondary coils are composed of conducting plates in a plurality of layers arranged in the laminated manner in the direction of the winding axis, and the conducting plates are electrically connected in series. Connecting portions between the each conducting plates are arranged in an inner space of the primary coils.

Abstract: An inductor including common mode and differential mode flux paths. The inductor comprises a first core having a first connecting portion. A first segment extends from a first end of the connecting portion. A second segment extends from a second end of the connecting portion and first bridge segment extends from a middle of the connecting portion. A first wiring arrangement is at least partially disposed around the first segment. A second core has a second connecting portion. A third segment extends from a first end of the connecting portion. A fourth segment extends from a second end of the connecting portion and a second bridge segment extends from a middle of the connecting portion. A second wiring arrangement is at least partially disposed around the third segment. A first suspension connects the first segment to the fourth segment. A second suspension connects the second segment to the third segment.

Abstract: Multi-winding magnetic structures and methods of making multi-winding magnetic structures are disclosed. A multi-winding magnetic structure includes a plurality of windings (512A, 512B; 612A, 612B, 612C; 712A, 712B; 912A, 912B, 912C; 1012A, 1012B; 1112A, 1112B; 1212A, 1212B; 1412; 1512A, 1512B) and a core (402; 502; 602; 702; 902; 1202; 1402; 1502) formed of a magnetic material. The core includes a core top (408; 508; 608; 708; 908; 1208; 1408; 1508), a core bottom (410; 510; 610; 710; 910; 1210; 1410; 1510) and a plurality of columns (404A, 404B, 404C; 504A, 504B; 604A, 604B, 604C; 704A, 704B; 904A, 90413, 904C; 1204; 1404; 1504). The core top has an exterior edge (1522) defining the shape of the core top and a central section (1516) having a substantially constant thickness. The core bottom which is beneath the core top has an exterior edge (1526) defining the shape of the core bottom and a central section (1518) having a substantially constant thickness.

Abstract: A line reactor is presented having a skewed core structure with three horizontally non-coplanar vertical legs and top and bottom laminated, interleaved yoke structures with corresponding horizontally non-coplanar yoke ends.

Abstract: A multi-inductor usable with a slim flat image display apparatus which includes an outer core with a number of through holes formed therein in a horizontal direction; a corresponding number of inner cores provided in respective through holes; a number of windings wound around a respective inner core; a number of electrode leads which project from a bottom surface of the outer core perpendicular to central axes of the through holes. The plurality of electrode are electrically connected with opposite ends of each of the windings. The multi-inductor further includes a sealing member that fixes each of the inner cores to a respective through hole of the outer core.

Abstract: The present invention provides a hybrid transformer. In a transformer comprising a primary core and a secondary coil, the hybrid transformer includes a core with a 1st leg, a 2nd leg, and a 3rd leg; and a secondary coil with a 1st winding, a 2nd winding and a 3rd winding, which are wound zigzag on said 1st leg, said 2nd leg, and said 3rd leg. Two types of windings selected from the group consisting of said 1st winding, said 2nd winding and said 3rd winding are wound alternatively on said 1st leg, said 2nd leg, and said 3rd leg, respectively. However, the two types of windings wound on said 1st leg, said 2nd leg, and said 3rd leg, respectively, are wound in an overlapping manner around said core in the winding order.

Abstract: A ferromagnetic core includes a ferromagnetic center portion including a plurality of legs each receptive of a conductive winding. The plurality of legs extend from a common center point and are equally angularly spaced. A ferromagnetic outer ring is positioned around the center portion at an outer radial extent of the plurality of legs. A transformer includes a transformer core having a center portion. The center portion includes a plurality of legs extending from a common center point. The plurality of legs are equally angularly spaced. An outer ring is positioned around the center portion at an outer radial extent of the plurality of legs. A conductive winding is located at each leg.

Abstract: There are many varieties of windings. Coils adopting an edgewise winding wire in which winding wires are wound around in the radial direction of the coil have a wide flux linkage area orthogonal to the electric wire, so that stray loss within the wire is increased, winding wire loss is increased and temperature is raised thereby. The present invention provides an arrangement in which a plurality of coil units are prepared and connected via external coupling terminals. At this time, winding is performed so that the contact faces of the coil units have equal potentials, so that there is no need to ensure an insulation distance between coils, and the coils can be downsized. Therefore, the mass of the respective coils can be reduced. Taps disposed on the respective coils are arranged to have equal potentials, according to which the external coupling terminals can double as tap switch terminals, so that there is no need to provide a dedicated tap switch.

Abstract: A filtering reactor stage and a variable-frequency driving system utilizing the same are provided. The system includes a rectifier input stage, an inverter output stage and a filter reactor stage. The filter reactor stage is coupled between the rectifier input stage and the inverter output stage. The filter reactor stage includes a magnetic core module, a first winding set, a second winding set and a third winding set. The magnetic core module includes a middle pillar and two side pillars. The first second winding sets are wound around two side pillars respectively. The first winding second winding sets are coupled to a first DC (Direct Current) bridge between the rectifier input stage and the inverter output stage. The third winding set is wound around the middle pillar and coupled to a second DC bridge between the rectifier input stage and the inverter output stage.

Abstract: Multi-winding magnetic structures and methods of making multi-winding magnetic structures are disclosed. In one embodiment, a multi-winding magnetic structure includes a core constructed of a magnetic material and a plurality of windings. The core includes a core top, a core bottom, and a plurality of columns. The core top has an exterior edge defining a shape of the core top. A central section of the core top has a substantially constant thickness that defines a thickness of the core top. The core bottom is beneath the core top and has an exterior edge defining a shape of the core bottom. A central section of the core bottom has a substantially constant thickness that defines a thickness of the core bottom. The thickness of one of the core bottom and the core top decreases from an edge of its central section to its exterior edge. The plurality of columns extends from the core bottom to the core top and the plurality of windings are wound around the columns.

Abstract: An inductor structure includes an even number of segments, each segment adjacent to two segments, each segment including a loop, each loop having a first end and a second end; and a crossover section adjacent to each segment, the crossover section coupling each of the first ends and second ends of the loops so as to cause current to circulate around the loop of each segment in an opposite rotational direction to the direction of current circulation in the loops of the segments adjacent to that segment.

Abstract: A transformer assembly. In some embodiments, the transformer assembly comprises a transformer, comprising a magnetic core; a primary winding wound around the magnetic core, wherein the primary winding comprises one or two turns of a first conductive material; and a secondary winding wound around the magnetic core, wherein the secondary winding comprises a plurality of turns of a second conductive material, and wherein a diameter of the magnetic core is sized such that the transformer achieves a first inductance with a core loss comparable to a winding loss.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) coil array includes a plurality of RF coil sections arranged in a superior-inferior direction. Each RF coil section includes a first linear coil element, a loop-saddle coil quadrature pair and a second linear coil element configured in an overlapping arrangement in a left-right direction. The position of the first linear coil element and the second linear coil element on the left and right may be shifted in the superior-inferior direction with respect to the center loop-saddle coil quadrature pair.

Abstract: Nested inductor arrays magnetically modulate an analog audio input signal recursively, so that the overall amplitude envelope of the output signal replicates the wave pattern of the input signal. The nested inductor arrays produce multiple levels of recursive modulation, so that the output signal incorporates multiple integrated self-similar harmonic layers, such that the phasing of the various layers are locked in by the analog waveform of the output signal itself. As a result, the spatial “depth” and temporal “immediacy” of the original analog recording is restored and can be encoded in digital format.

Abstract: A vibration-suppressed transformer is fixed to a base plate and includes a magnetic lower core, two or more magnetic upper cores, primary and secondary coils. The lower core is on the base plate. The upper cores are arranged face to face over the lower core. The coils are arranged between the lower and upper cores. Each upper core contacts the lower core, on an outer side of the coils, with a first gap being provided between the upper and lower cores, on an inner side of the coils. The upper cores are extended towards each other from the outer to the inner side of the coils, with a second gap being provided therebetween. The second gap is provided therein with a non-magnetic pressing member to press the lower core against the base plate, on an inner side of the coils.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a coil component comprises a forming step to form a first coil and a second coil connecting to each other, wherein the first coil is disposed at the inside of the second coil; a disposing step to dispose a part of a tail segment of the first coil on a last-loop segment of the second coil along a contour of the last-loop segment of the second coil; and a covering step to cover the first coil and the second coil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a planar transformer, the transformer including a core provided to induce formation of a magnetic field, a bobbin coupled to the core, at least one primary winding interposed between the core and the bobbin to supply a power signal, a first insulation unit provided to the at least one primary winding to insulate at least the one first primary winding, at least one secondary winding provided to the first insulation unit and insulated by the first insulation unit to transform the power signal, and a second insulation unit provided to the at least one secondary winding to insulate the at least one secondary winding.

Abstract: A transformer includes the first iron core having a plurality of legs arranged spaced apart from each other; a plurality of high-voltage side coils wound around the plurality of legs, respectively, and receiving a common single-phase AC power; and a plurality of low-voltage side coils provided corresponding to the high-voltage side coils, magnetically coupled to the corresponding high-voltage side coils, and wound around the plurality of legs, respectively. The high-voltage side coils and the corresponding low-voltage side coils constitute a plurality of coil groups. The transformer further includes the second iron core provided between the coil groups adjacent to each other.

Abstract: A multi-layered structure is disclosed for implementing an inductor. A first spiral inductor is situated on a first substrate layer, and one or more additional spiral inductors are situated on one or more additional substrate layers. The substrate layers are positioned such that they are substantially in parallel with each other and the spiral inductors on the various layers are aligned with each other. The spiral inductors are electrically coupled to each other by coupling structures to enable them to act as a single overall inductor. Such an overall inductor exhibits improved characteristics, such as a higher Q factor. Other components may be incorporated with and coupled to the overall inductor; thus, this multi-layered structure may be used to construct almost any circuit in which an inductor is implemented.

Abstract: Two conducting wires are used in one embodiment of an inductor. Opposite ends of each of the conducting wires are connected to leader lines (terminals) shared by the conducting wires. Each of the conducting wires is wound to make half a round of an annular or ring-like magnetic substance. One of the conducting wires is wound around a lower half area of the magnetic substance to form one winding while the other conducting wire is wound around an upper half area of the magnetic substance to form another winding. In this manner, the distance between the leader lines can be increased to eliminate parasitic capacitance between the leader lines. The magnetic fluxes generated by current flowing in the two windings are in the same direction. Thus, it is possible to provide an inductor whose total parasitic capacitance is reduced. In other embodiments, additional conducting wires are used.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first conductive loop coupled to conduct a first current and a second conductive loop coupled in parallel with the first conductive loop and further coupled to conduct a second current. A first conductive portion forms a part of the first conductive loop and the second conductive loop. The first conductive portion is coupled to conduct the first current and the second current. In at least one embodiment of the apparatus, the first conductive loop and the second conductive loop are planar inductors formed in a conductive layer on a substrate of an integrated circuit.

Abstract: A three phase compact high short circuit current reactor also commonly known as an inductor is disclosed which can be easily be modified during initial construction to provide predefined gaps between the internal core sections for enhancing performance for each individual customized application. Inductor core sections are commonly oriented horizontally. The present design provides a core construction which includes multiple vertically stacked coils with yokes positioned between adjacent coils for facilitating flux cancellation to enhance performance. The coils can be round or square in cross-section and normally are made of either wire or foil usually of copper or aluminum. The material of the core is preferably of a silicon steel material which can be grain-oriented or non-grain-oriented.

Abstract: A core member (2) of the disclosed reactor (Da) comprises a magnetic wire material and is arranged outside a plurality of coils (1). As the core member (2) in the reactor (Da) having this structure is a wire material and is arranged outside the plurality of coils (1), the core member (2) can be formed by the winding of the wire material, simplifying manufacturing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power supply apparatus. The power supply apparatus includes a first magnetic core; a second magnetic core having a shape equal to a shape of the first magnetic core; a third magnetic core between the first and second magnetic cores; a first coil wound around one of the first and third magnetic cores; and a second coil wound around one of the second and third magnetic cores.

Abstract: A transformer of the balanced-unbalanced type includes a primary inductive circuit and a secondary inductive circuit housed inside an additional inductive winding connected in parallel to the terminals of the secondary circuit and inductively coupled with the primary circuit and the secondary circuit.

Abstract: A transformer is provided with at least one core leg on which three windings are arranged side by side, whose discharges are designed to be mutually insulated. Each winding is formed by a near-core low-voltage winding, which are each wound by an associated high-voltage winding, and the discharges of the low-voltage windings are axially designed, so that the lateral spacing of the windings to each other is minimized.

Abstract: A downhole tool including a transmitter coil assembly and a receiver coil assembly. The coil assembly includes at least one first coil having a first support member with a first single layer of wire wound therearound. The coil assembly further includes at least one second coil. The second coil includes a second support member having a second single layer of wire wound therearound. The first support member is disposed within the second support member, and the first single layer spaced apart from the second single wire by a distance of D.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inductance coil, in particular an inductance coil without an iron core for use in electric power grids, comprising at least two cylindrical winding layers (1), which are disposed concentrically with respect to a coil central axis (7) and are connected electrically in parallel. The inductance coil comprises at least one means for reducing or minimizing sound emissions produced during the operation of the inductance coil. At least the outermost winding layer (1) is designed in this case as a current-conducting, acoustic shield winding (18) opposite the winding layer (1) adjacent in the direction of the coil central axis (7), wherein the shield winding (18) is dimensioned electrically such that it is designed for the transmission of a current intensity, which is only a fraction of the current intensity, to be transmitted by the adjacent winding layer (1).

Abstract: A magnetics package comprising: a primary coil configured to conduct a current flow; a secondary coil electrically isolated from the primary coil and configured to conduct a current flow, wherein the secondary coil is embedded in a mold compound; and a magnetic core inductively coupling the primary coil and the secondary coil, wherein a current flow in the primary coil produces a magnetic field in the magnetic core, and the magnetic field in the magnetic core induces a current flow in the secondary coil.

Abstract: A transformer includes a bobbin assembly, a primary winding coil, a first secondary winding coil, a second secondary winding coil, and a magnetic core assembly. The bobbin assembly includes a primary winding part, a first secondary winding part, a second secondary winding part and a channel. A first opening is formed in a bottom surface of the bobbin assembly and communicates with the channel. The primary winding coil is wound around the primary winding part. The first secondary winding coil is wound around the first secondary winding part. The second secondary winding coil is wound around the second secondary winding part. The magnetic core assembly is partially embedded into the channel of the bobbin assembly, and includes a first magnetic part and a second magnetic part. The second magnetic part includes a first extension post, and the first extension post is inserted into the first opening of the bobbin assembly.

Abstract: An M-winding coupled inductor includes a first end magnetic element, a second end magnetic element, M connecting magnetic elements, and M windings. M is an integer greater than one. Each connecting magnetic element is disposed between and connects the first and second end magnetic elements. Each winding is wound at least partially around a respective one of the M connecting magnetic elements. The coupled inductor further includes at least one top magnetic element adjacent to and extending at least partially over at least two of the M connecting magnetic elements to provide a magnetic flux path between the first and second end magnetic elements. The inductor may be included in an M-phase power supply, and the power supply may at least partially power a computer processor.

Abstract: An electrical transformer with unidirectional flux compensation is provided. The transformer includes a soft magnetic core on which a primary winding arrangement, a secondary winding arrangement, and a compensation winding arrangement are arranged. The compensation winding arrangement is connected to a current control device which feeds a compensation current into the compensation winding arrangement using a control signal. A magnetic field measuring device measures the magnetic field in the core of the transformer or the stray magnetic field that closes outside the core via an air path and provides the control signal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a transformer (1) for multi-output power supplies such as those commonly found in electronic equipment. The transformer comprises a magnetic core (3) and a plurality of windings (5, 7, 9) at least some of which are fractional windings, arranged about the magnetic core. The transformer comprises a dual transformer structure with a pair of transformers, a main transformer (11) and an auxiliary transformer (13). In a preferred embodiment, the main transformer and the auxiliary transformer are connected together. In this way, readily available magnetic components may be used in the construction of the transformer and the simple construction allows for a large cross-sectional area of transformer to be deployed so that reduced turn counts of windings may be used.

Abstract: There is provided a transformer improved in leakage inductance including: a core having first, second and third legs electromagnetically coupled to one another; a primary winding formed of a conductor having one end and another end receiving power from the outside and dividedly wound around the first, second and third legs; and a secondary winding wound around at least one of the first, second and third legs and receiving induced power by electromagnetic induction with the primary winding.

Abstract: An M-phase coupled inductor including a magnetic core and M windings, where M is an integer greater than one. The magnetic core is formed of a core material, and the magnetic core includes a first outer leg forming a first gap. The first gap includes a first gap material having lower magnetic permeability than the core material. Each winding is wound at least partially around at least a portion of the magnetic core, and each winding has a respective leakage inductance. The first gap causes the leakage inductances to be greater than if the first outer leg did not form the first gap. The coupled inductor may be used in a power supply, and the power supply may be used in a computing apparatus.

Abstract: A technique for limiting fault current transmission is disclosed. In one particular exemplary embodiment, the technique may be realized with a fault current limiter comprising a core having at least first easy axis and a hard axis; and a first coil wound around the core, the first coil configured to carry current. In some embodiment, the easy axis of the core may be aligned with H fields generated by the current transmitted through the first coil.

Abstract: A transformer includes a pair of first coils and at least one second coil. The first and second coils are stacked so that the at least one second coil is interposed between the first coils in a common winding axial direction of the first and second coils. Each of the first coils is covered by insulating films and integrated with the insulating films into an integrated body, so that the first coils are electrically insulated from the at least one second coil.

Abstract: A slim-type high voltage transformer includes a case, and a transformer portion configured by mounting at least primary and secondary winding coils wound in the shape of a rectangular or elliptic track to protruding grooves formed in the interior of the case and then mounting a first copperplate core on the primary and secondary winding coils. In the transformer, the transformer portion further includes an insulating member interposed between the primary and secondary winding coils and the first copperplate core. Accordingly, a bobbin for winding a coil is not used, so that the height of the transformer can be minimized, thereby decreasing the size of products. Also, a winding is divided into two sections to be molded, so that the insulation and heat generation of the winding can be effectively controlled, thereby improving the stability of the transformer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an integrated reactance module comprising a magnetic core and a plurality of windings of reactance elements. It has at least two windings of reactance elements (L1), (L2) . . . (LN) situated in a common magnetic element (EM) and separated from each other by means of magnetic flux conductors (SM) constituting an integral part of the magnetic element (EM), which is configured to concentrate magnetic field lines generated by the reactance elements (L1), (L2) . . . (LN).

Abstract: A combined transformer is provided. The transformer comprises at least three bobbins arranged abreast and a core assembly. Each of the bobbins includes two separated guard plates, a winding column, a through groove and two metal pins; the winding column is disposed between the guard plates, while the through groove extends through the guard plates and the winding column. Furthermore, the two metal pins are disposed on one of the guard plates; the winding column is wound with a coil, and two end portions of the coil are connected to the two metal pins respectively. The core assembly includes two separated magnetic plates and at least three separated magnetic columns disposed between the magnetic plates. The bobbins are sandwiched between the magnetic plates, and the magnetic columns are located in the through grooves. Thus, the combined transformer can have a reduced thickness and multiple outputs.